The Tagiadini are a

tribe The term tribe is used in many different contexts to refer to a category of human social group. The predominant worldwide usage of the term in English language, English is in the discipline of anthropology. This definition is contested, in p ...

in the skipper

butterfly Butterflies are insects in the macrolepidopteran clade Rhopalocera from the Order (biology), order Lepidoptera, which also includes moths. Adult butterflies have large, often brightly coloured wings, and conspicuous, fluttering flight. The ...

subfamily In biological classification, a subfamily (Latin: ', plural ') is an auxiliary (intermediate) taxonomic rank, next below family but more inclusive than genus. Standard nomenclature rules end subfamily botanical names with "-oideae", and zoologi ...

Pyrginae. Many of its

genera Genus ( plural genera ) is a taxonomic rank used in the biological classification of living and fossil organisms as well as viruses. In the hierarchy of biological classification, genus comes above species and below family. In binomial nomenclat ...

were of uncertain relationships for long, and delimitation of the Tagiadini versus the

Celaenorrhini The Celaenorrhinini are a tribe of spread-winged skippers in the skipper butterfly subfamily Pyrginae. When the Eudaminae were still included in the Pyrginae as a tribe, their delimitation versus the Celaenorrhinini was disputed, and there were ...

was quite disputed at times. The species of this tribe are found in mostly

tropical The tropics are the regions of Earth surrounding the Equator. They are defined in latitude by the Tropic of Cancer in the Northern Hemisphere at N and the Tropic of Capricorn in the Southern Hemisphere at S. The tropics are also referred to ...

regions of

Africa Africa is the world's second-largest and second-most populous continent, after Asia in both cases. At about 30.3 million km2 (11.7 million square miles) including adjacent islands, it covers 6% of Earth's total surface area ...

Asia Asia (, ) is one of the world's most notable geographical regions, which is either considered a continent in its own right or a subcontinent of Eurasia, which shares the continental landmass of Afro-Eurasia with Africa. Asia covers an area ...

and

Australia Australia, officially the Commonwealth of Australia, is a Sovereign state, sovereign country comprising the mainland of the Australia (continent), Australian continent, the island of Tasmania, and numerous List of islands of Australia, sma ...

.Brower (2007)

Genera

Altogether, the tribe contains 27 genera. Some of these seem to form a close-knit group around the tribe's

type genus In biological taxonomy, the type genus is the genus which defines a biological family and the root of the family name. Zoological nomenclature According to the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature, "The name-bearing type of a nominal f ...

Tagiades ''Tagiades'', commonly known as snow flats, is a genus of spread-winged skipper butterflies. It is the type genus of the tribe Tagiadini of the subfamily Pyrginae in the family Hesperiidae. It contains seventeen species; three of which are fou ...

''. These genera are often collectively called "Tagiades group" and may form a

clade A clade (), also known as a monophyletic group or natural group, is a group of organisms that are monophyletic – that is, composed of a common ancestor and all its lineal descendants – on a phylogenetic tree. Rather than the English term, ...

: "Tagiades group" * '' Abantis'' – paradise skippers * '' Caprona'' – ragged skippers * '' Ctenoptilum'' * '' Leucochitonea'' * '' Netrobalane'' – buff-tipped skipper * '' Odontoptilum'' * ''Semperium'' * ''

'' – water flats, snow flats Other genera * '' Abraximorpha'' * ''

Calleagris ''Calleagris'' is a genus of skippers in the family Hesperiidae. Species *'' Calleagris hollandi'' (Butler, 1897) *'' Calleagris jamesoni'' (Sharpe, 1890) *'' Calleagris kobela'' (Trimen, 1864) *'' Calleagris krooni'' Vári, 1974 *'' Calleagr ...

'' – scarce flats * '' Capila'' (formerly often in Celaenorrhini) * '' Chaetocneme'' * ''

Chamunda Chamunda (Sanskrit: चामुण्डा, ISO-15919: Cāmuṇḍā), also known as Chamundeshwari, Chamundi or Charchika, is a fearsome form of Chandi, the Hindu Divine Mother Shakti and is one of the seven Matrikas (mother goddesses).W ...

'' * '' Coladenia'' * '' Daimio'' * ''

Darpa The Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) is a research and development agency of the United States Department of Defense responsible for the development of emerging technologies for use by the military. Originally known as the Adv ...

'' * ''

Eagris ''Eagris'' is a genus of skippers in the family Hesperiidae. Species *'' Eagris decastigma'' Mabille, 1891 *'' Eagris denuba'' (Plötz, 1879) *'' Eagris hereus'' (Druce, 1875) *'' Eagris lucetia'' (Hewitson, 1875) *'' Eagris nottoana'' (Walle ...

'' – "

flats Flat or flats may refer to: Architecture * Flat (housing), an apartment in the United Kingdom, Ireland, Australia and other Commonwealth countries Arts and entertainment * Flat (music), a symbol () which denotes a lower pitch * Flat (soldier), ...

" * '' Exometoeca'' * '' Gerosis'' * '' Mooreana'' * '' Netrocoryne'' * '' Odina'' * '' Pintara'' * '' Procampta'' – rare elf * '' Satarupa'' * '' Seseria'' * '' Tapena''

Discovery

(Molecular and morphological evidence reveals that ''Daimio'' Murray, 1875 is a junior synonym of ''Tagiades'' Hübner, 1819 (Lepidoptera: Hesperiidae: Tagiadini)

Previous studies have shown that the genus ''Tagiades'' Hübner, 1819 is paraphyletic with regard to ''Daimio'' Murray, 1875 and/or ''Darpa'' Moore, 1866. In this study, we attempt to disentangle the relationships among these three genera based on an integrative approach including molecular data, morphological characters, and biological data from available sources. All evidence shows that ''Daimio'' and ''Tagiades'' are congeneric, isolated from ''Darpa''. According to the rule of priority, ''Daimio'' (syn. n.) is a junior synonym of ''Tagiades''. Therefore, we subsume ''tethys'' under ''Tagiades'' as ''Tagiades'' ''tethys'' (Ménétriés, 1875), comb. n.

Footnotes

References

* (2007):

Tree of Life Web Project The Tree of Life Web Project is an Internet project providing information about the diversity and phylogeny of life on Earth. This collaborative peer reviewed project began in 1995, and is written by biologists from around the world. The site h ...

&ndash
Tagiadini
Version of 2007-DEC-12. Retrieved 2009-DEC-24. * Taxa named by Paul Mabille Butterfly tribes {{Pyrginae-stub