jazz Jazz is a music genre that originated in the African-American communities of New Orleans, Louisiana in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, with its roots in blues and ragtime. Since the 1920s Jazz Age, it has been recognized as a major ...

, the Tadd Dameron turnaround, named for

Tadd Dameron Tadley Ewing Peake Dameron (February 21, 1917 – March 8, 1965) was an American jazz composer, arranger, and pianist. Biography Born in Cleveland, Ohio, Dameron was the most influential arranger of the bebop era, but also wrote charts for swi ...

, "is a very common turnaround in the jazz idiom",Coker, et al (1982). ''Patterns for Jazz: A Theory Text for Jazz Composition and Improvisation'', p.118. . derived from a typical I−vi−ii−V turnaround through the application of

tritone substitution The tritone substitution is a common chord substitution found in both jazz and classical music. Where jazz is concerned, it was the precursor to more complex substitution patterns like Coltrane changes. Tritone substitutions are sometimes used in ...

of all but the first chord, thus yielding, in C major: rather than the more conventional: The Tadd Dameron turnaround may feature

major seventh chord In music, a major seventh chord is a seventh chord in which the third is a major third above the root and the seventh is a major seventh above the root. The major seventh chord, sometimes also called a ''Delta chord'', can be written as maj7, M7, , ...

s, and derive from the following series of substitutions, each altering the

chord quality Musicians use various kinds of chord names and symbols in different contexts to represent musical chords. In most genres of popular music, including jazz, pop, and rock, a chord name and its corresponding symbol typically indicate one or more ...

:Bahha and Rollins (2005). ''Jazzology'', p.103. .Richard Lawn, Jeffrey L. Hellmer (1996). ''Jazz: Theory and Practice'', p.118-19. . The last step, changing to the

, is optional. Dameron was the first composer to use the turnaround in his standard " Lady Bird", which contains a

modulation In electronics and telecommunications, modulation is the process of varying one or more properties of a periodic waveform, called the ''carrier signal'', with a separate signal called the ''modulation signal'' that typically contains informatio ...

down a

major third In classical music, a third is a musical interval encompassing three staff positions (see Interval number for more details), and the major third () is a third spanning four semitones. Forte, Allen (1979). ''Tonal Harmony in Concept and P ...

(from C to A). This key relation is also implied by the first and third chord of the turnaround, C^M7 and A^M7. It has been suggested that this motion down by major thirds would eventually lead to

John Coltrane John William Coltrane (September 23, 1926 – July 17, 1967) was an American jazz saxophonist The saxophone (often referred to colloquially as the sax) is a type of single-reed woodwind instrument with a conical body, usually made of br ...

Coltrane changes Coltrane changes (Coltrane Matrix or cycle, also known as chromatic third relations and multi-tonic changes) are a harmonic progression variation using substitute chords over common jazz chord progressions. These substitution patterns were first d ...

.Lyon, Jason (2007)
"Coltrane's Substitution Tunes"
i

The Dameron turnaround has alternately been called the "Coltrane turnaround".Scott, Richard J. (2003). ''Chord Progressions For Songwriters'', p.234. . Further examples of pieces including this turnaround are

Miles Davis Miles Dewey Davis III (May 26, 1926September 28, 1991) was an American trumpeter, bandleader, and composer. He is among the most influential and acclaimed figures in the history of jazz and 20th-century music. Davis adopted a variety of music ...

' " Half-Nelson" and

John Carisi John E. Carisi (February 23, 1922 – October 3, 1992) was an American trumpeter and composer. Early life and career Carisi was born in Hasbrouck Heights, New Jersey on February 22, 1922,Larkin, Colin (1992). The Guinness Encyclopedia of Popu ...

's "

Israel Israel (; he, יִשְׂרָאֵל, ; ar, إِسْرَائِيل, ), officially the State of Israel ( he, מְדִינַת יִשְׂרָאֵל, label=none, translit=Medīnat Yīsrāʾēl; ), is a country in Western Asia. It is situated ...

References

Jazz techniques Chord progressions Jazz terminology {{Music-theory-stub