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, born , also as Bekki Akitsura, and Bekki Dōsetsu, was a Japanese
samurai The samurai () were members of the warrior class in Japan. They were originally provincial warriors who came from wealthy landowning families who could afford to train their men to be mounted archers. In the 8th century AD, the imperial court d ...
during the
Sengoku period The was the period in History of Japan, Japanese history in which civil wars and social upheavals took place almost continuously in the 15th and 16th centuries. The Kyōtoku incident (1454), Ōnin War (1467), or (1493) are generally chosen as th ...
who served the
Ōtomo clan The was a Japanese samurai family whose power stretched from the Kamakura period through the Sengoku period, spanning over 400 years. The clan's hereditary lands lay in Kyūshū. Origins The first family head, Ōtomo Yoshinao (1172–1223), ...
. A member of the Bekki clan, he was the father of Tachibana Ginchiyo and the adopted father of
Tachibana Muneshige , was a Japanese ''samurai'', known in his youth as Senkumamaru (千熊丸) and alternatively called Tachibana Munetora (立花宗虎 or 立花統虎), during the Azuchi–Momoyama period and an Edo-period ''daimyō''. He was the eldest biol ...
."Tachibana-shi" on Harimaya.com
/ref> He was known as one of the wisest Ōtomo retainers and was remembered for his stance against Christianity in the Ōtomo's domain. Dōsetsu was accounted as one of the ''Sanshuku'' of the Ōtomo clan, together with Usuki Akisumi and Yoshihiro Akimasa. Tachibana Dōsetsu's military career is mostly known for his being in 37 military campaigns and more than 100 engagements of smaller scale, despite half of his lower body being paralyzed, including the Battle of Tatarahama, and the brilliant defense of
Kurume is a city in Fukuoka Prefecture, Japan. , the city had an estimated population of 295,367 in 137,140 households, and a population density of 1309 people per km². The total area of the city is . Geography Kurume is located in the Chikugo Plain ...
city. As a subject of mythical legends and for his personal battle prowess, Dōsetsu earned nicknames such as '' Hachiman incarnation'' (弓矢八幡), '' Thunder god's incarnation'' (摩利支天の化身), ''God of war from Kyushu'' (九州の軍神), and ''Dōsetsu the ogre'' (鬼道雪). Dōsetsu died from illness during a military campaign in
Chikugo Province was a province of Japan in the area of northern Kyūshū, corresponding to part of southwestern Fukuoka Prefecture. Chikugo bordered on Higo and Chikugo to the southeast, and Chikuzen to the north and east, Bungo to the east and Hizen to t ...
in 1585. His daughter Ginchiyo succeeded him as the Tachibana clan head not too long after.


Early life

Born with the childhood name of Akitsura, in Yoroigatake Castle,
Bungo Province was a province of Japan in the area of eastern Kyūshū, corresponding to most of modern Ōita Prefecture, except what is now the cities of Nakatsu and Usa. Bungo bordered on Hyūga to the south, Higo and Chikugo to the west, and Chikuze ...
, Dōsetsu hailed from the Bekki clan. He fought his first battle leading 2,000 soldiers when he was 14 years old, replacing his sickly father who had retired from military service. In this campaign, Dōsetsu fought against the
Ōuchi clan was one of the most powerful and important families in Western Japan during the reign of the Ashikaga shogunate in the 14th to 16th centuries. Their domains, ruled from the castle town of Yamaguchi in the western tip of Honshu island, compris ...
in ,
Buzen Province was a Provinces of Japan, province of Japan in the area of northeastern Kyūshū, corresponding to part of southeastern Fukuoka Prefecture and northwestern Ōita Prefecture. Buzen bordered on Bungo Province, Bungo to the south, and Chikuzen Pro ...
, where he emerged victorious despite being outnumbered by around 3,000 men. On August 22, 1535, Dōsetsu lead an army to pacify a rebellion of the Kikuchi clan in
Higo Province was an old province of Japan in the area that is today Kumamoto Prefecture on the island of Kyūshū. It was sometimes called , with Hizen Province. Higo bordered on Chikugo, Bungo, Hyūga, Ōsumi, and Satsuma Provinces. History The cas ...
, where he suppressed the rebels after the battle of Kurumagaeshi, after which Dōsetsu organized 48 of his warriors to form a small elite squad nicknamed the ''Shiro-Taka'' or "White Hawks".『立花遺香』 P.20~21
/ref>「立齋公御咄之覺」《旧柳河藩志》第五章・行政、第二節・柳河再城時代 P.192. * 岡茂政 著《柳川史話》第二卷人物篇第117 山崎美成の「夜談録」に《立花家旧記》から「立齋公口述次第」(「立齋公御咄之覺」) In 1546, Dōsetsu and other Ōtomo clan retainers were sent with 10,000 strong troops to suppress the first rebellion of the
Akizuki clan 230px, Akizuki Tanehide, 29th chieftain of the Akizuki clan, in 1913 The was a Japanese samurai clan who ruled Takanabe Domain of what is now part of Miyazaki Prefecture in Kyushu Japan under the Edo period Tokugawa shogunate. In the Meiji pe ...
. In 1548, Dōsetsu was recorded to have been struck by a lightning bolt, which caused his left leg to be permanently paralyzed In 1550, Dōsetsu was involved in the
Ōtomo clan The was a Japanese samurai family whose power stretched from the Kamakura period through the Sengoku period, spanning over 400 years. The clan's hereditary lands lay in Kyūshū. Origins The first family head, Ōtomo Yoshinao (1172–1223), ...
's civil war of succession between Ōtomo Sōrin and Ōtomo Shioichimaru. At the end of this conflict, Shioichimaru was killed, while Dōsetsu was sent with an army to attack Irita Chikazane, a Shioichimaru loyalist. Dōsetsu managed to defeat Chikazane's army and forced him flee from Ōtomo territory.


Military service 1553-1562

In 1553, at the age of 41, Dōsetsu retired as head of the Bekki clan, then adopted Bekki Shigetsura, his half nephew, as his foster son. Dōsetsu also immediately appointed Shigetsura as the next head of the Bekki clan. In 1554, Dōsetsu was dispatched to suppress several rebellions that broke out in Bungo and Higo provinces, which were incited by Obara Akimoto, Honjo Shinzaemon, and Nakamura Shinbei.『旧柳川藩志』第十八章 人物 第十四節 柳川人物小伝(四)高野大膳 P.900頁 On 19 May 1556, Dōsetsu's forces suppressed the rebellion of Obara Akimoto. Following that, Dōsetsu sent letters commending his vassals for their outstanding performances during this operation, such as Korenobu Yufu, Takano Daizen, Adachi Sakyō, and Ando Iesada. In 1557, the Akizuki clan, which was led by Akizuki Kiyotane, again rebelled, with the assistance of a daimyo named
Mōri Motonari was a prominent ''daimyō'' (feudal lord) in the western Chūgoku region of Japan during the Sengoku period of the 16th century. The Mōri clan claimed descent from Ōe no Hiromoto (大江広元), an adviser to Minamoto no Yoritomo. Motonari w ...
. In response, Ōtomo Sōrin dispatched Dōsetsu and Usuki Akisumi with 2,000 soldiers to quell the rebellion. Dōsetsu besieged , the stronghold of the Akizuki clan. In the end, Kiyotane and his son committed
seppuku , also known as , is a form of Japanese ritualistic suicide by disembowelment. It was originally reserved for samurai in their code of honor, but was also practiced by other Japanese people during the Shōwa era (particularly officers near ...
inside their castle. In 1558, Dōsetsu fought a
Mōri clan The was a Japanese clan, Japanese samurai clan descended from Ōe no Hiromoto. Ōe no Hiromoto was descended from the Fujiwara clan. The family's most illustrious member, Mōri Motonari, greatly expanded the clan's power in Aki Province. Durin ...
general named
Kobayakawa Takakage was a samurai and daimyō (feudal military lord) during the Sengoku period and Azuchi–Momoyama period. He was the third son of Mōri Motonari who was adopted by the Kobayakawa clan and became its 14th clan head. He merged the two branches of ...
in the first siege of Moji castle. In this engagement, Dōsetsu had his 800 archers shower Kobayakawa's army with their arrows. In 1560, Dōsetsu, Usuki Akisumi, and Yoshihiro Akimasa fought against Munakata Ujisada, the head of the Munakata clan. For his achievements in pacifying the Ōtomo-clan enemies, Dōsetsu was appointed by Sōrin as ''Kabanshu'' (personal assistant) and ''Shugodai'' (governor) of Chikugo province.


Siege of Moji

In 1561, during the siege of Moji Castle which was controlled by the Mōri clan, Portuguese merchants assisted Dōsetsu with three ships weighted between 500 and 600 tons. The bombardment from the ships against the castle helped the Ōtomo troops under Dōsetsu's command to maintain the siege. On October 10, however, the castle defenders managed to break the siege after the Portuguese had expended all their ammunition and had withdrawn. The Ōtomo forces failed to take the castle. In 1562, Dōsetsu began the final phase of this siege. On July 13, Dōsetsu and his subordinate Korenobu Yufu defeated the Mōri clan army in the battle of Yanagigaura in
Buzen Province was a Provinces of Japan, province of Japan in the area of northeastern Kyūshū, corresponding to part of southeastern Fukuoka Prefecture and northwestern Ōita Prefecture. Buzen bordered on Bungo Province, Bungo to the south, and Chikuzen Pro ...
. On October 13, Dōsetsu stormed Moji Castle and managed to subdue the castle, which was defended by Reizei Mototoyo, a former Ouchi clan vassal who was 25 years old. On November 26, there was an all-day battle near Moji Castle, leaving hundreds dead and injured with an unclear result.


Military service 1563-1570

In 1563, on New Year's Day of the 6th year of
Eiroku was a after '' Kōji'' and before '' Genki.'' This period spanned the years from February 1558 through April 1570. The reigning emperor was . Change of era * 1558 : The era name was changed to mark the enthronement of Emperor Ōgimachi. The ...
, a large army led by
Mōri Takamoto was a ''daimyō'' (feudal lord) of Aki Province during Japan's Sengoku period. He was the eldest legitimate son of Mōri Motonari. Biography Born in the Tajihi-Sarugake Castle in 1523. Takamoto was sent to Suō Province as a hostage of Ōuchi ...
and Kobayakawa Takakage arrived to relieve Moji Castle from Dōsetsu's besieging army. Dōsetsu and Mōri Takamoto fought until an envoy from
Kyoto Kyoto ( or ; Japanese language, Japanese: , ''Kyōto'' ), officially , is the capital city of Kyoto Prefecture in the Kansai region of Japan's largest and most populous island of Honshu. , the city had a population of 1.46 million, making it t ...
arrived with a message from the Ashikaga shogunate commanding both Dōsetsu and Takamoto to cease their fighting. Later the same year, Dōsetsu changed his name from Akitsura into Dōsetsu. On 25 July 1564, the Shogun's envoy secured a temporary truce between the Mōri and the Ōtomo clans. However, this truce did not last long, as on 25 March, in The Fourth Battle of Yanagigaura, Dōsetsu once again fought the Mōri clan army, which was led by Koremaki Yufu. In 1565, the head of Tachibana clan, Tachibana Munekatsu, rebelled against the Ōtomo clan. Dōsetsu was sent to suppress this rebellion. In the end, the forces of Dōsetsu managed to capture Tachibanayama Castle, which belonged to the rebels. However, Ōtomo Sorin, the head of Ōtomo clan, decided to pardon Tachibana Munekatsu due to his family relationship.


Battle of Yasumimatsu

In 1567, Akizuki Tanezane, a surviving son of Akizuki Kiyotane and the new head of the Akizuki clan, managed to recapture the castle of Mount Kosho from the Ōtomo clan and made clear his intention to oppose them. On August 14, in response, Sorin sent Dōsetsu, Usuki Akisumi, and Yoshihiro Akimasa with 20,000 soldiers to punish Tanezane. The Ōtomo army first engaged the Akizuki clan army in the Battle of Amamizu and Haseyama (also known as the Battle of Uryuno) on August 14–15, and captured Ojo, a branch castle of Yasumimatsu Castle, causing the commander of the castle, Moromasa Sakata, to commit suicide. Dōsetsu then stationed his army around Yasumomatsu Castle in preparation of capturing Mount Kosho Castle. However, the castle was well defended and the siege dragged on. Subsequently, rumors circulated among the Ōtomo forces that a huge Mōri clan army in Chugoku was moving to invade Ojo, which prompted the Ōtomo forces to withdraw from the siege of Mount Kosho and abandoned Yasumimatsu Castle on September 3. As Tanezane learned of this development, he decided to sally out and give chase to the withdrawing Ōtomo army by dividing his 12,000 troops into four groups under the command of Kankage Intosho, Sanehisa Uchida Zenbei with over 3,000 cavalry, and Ayabe Suruga no Kami with over 5,000 cavalry. Dōsetsu had already anticipated this movement and fielded a rearguard of 3,000 soldiers with the assistance of his lieutenants, Bekki Shigetsura, Ono Shizuyuki, and Korenobu Yufu, with each of them leading 500 to 600 cavalry. During this attack, the forces of Tanezane managed to inflict many casualties on Dōsetsu's force as they killed one of Dōsetsu's most trusted generals, Koretada Totoki. However, the rearguard of the Dōsetsu force managed to reverse the situation and inflict heavy losses upon the Tanezane troops, forcing them to retreat. Later, at night, Tanezane once again launched an assault with 4,000 soldiers in a night raid. The unexpected night attack by the Akizuki forces threw the Ōtomo army into chaos, as they suffered over 400 casualties. As the battle progressed, Dōsetsu managed to calm his troops and organize an orderly retreat. However, the Tanezane forces pursued the fleeing Dōsetsu's forces further until they reached Chikugo Yamakuma Castle, causing the Ōtomo army to suffer even more casualties. Many of Dōsetsu's clansmen were killed in this battle, such as Bekki Akitaka, Bekki Chikashige, and Bekki Chikamune. Later in August, Dōsetsu marched to Mount Hōman Castle to battle the Akizuki clan. However, he faced stubborn resistance from the Akizuki forces as they clashed twice at Amamizu and Haseyama, before they finally could overcome the Akizuki army through a daring personal charge led by Dōsetsu. On November 15, Ōtomo Sorin sent Dōsetsu to further combat the Akizuki clan, when Dōsetsu managed to capture the enemy castle on Mount Hōman. Dōsetsu was recorded as being armed with a long sword in this battle. Later that year, Dōsetsu captured Yamakuma Castle from Tanezane.


Further military campaigns

In 1568,
Mōri Motonari was a prominent ''daimyō'' (feudal lord) in the western Chūgoku region of Japan during the Sengoku period of the 16th century. The Mōri clan claimed descent from Ōe no Hiromoto (大江広元), an adviser to Minamoto no Yoritomo. Motonari w ...
dispatch his army, commanded by Shimizu Munenori, to besiege Mount Tachibana Castle. However, Dōsetsu's forces managed to defend the castle. In this battle, four of Dōsetsu vassals, Tsuresada Totoki, Takano Daizen, Korenobu Yufu, and Ando Iesada, gained fame in the battle, and later received the nicknames of ''Dōsetsu-Shitennō''(Four heavenly kings of Dōsetsu). The Mōri invasion also involved Tachibana Munekatsu, the head of the Tachibana clan, who betrayed the Ōtomo clan for the second time. Later that year, Dōsetsu Dōsetsu, Yoshihiro Akimasa, and Shiga Chikamori were dispatched by Sorin to lead 30,000 soldiers to besiege Tachibanayama Castle, which was defended by Tachibana Munekatsu. on July 4, they stormed the branch castle of Tachibana, on the cliff of Tachibana Mountain, and took 28 soldiers of Munekatsu captive. Later that night, one of Munekatsu's vassal defected into Dōsetsu's ranks, and assisted the Ōtomo army in subduing the castle. On July 23, after the fall of various parts of Mount Tachibana's fortifications, Munekatsu fled to his last remaining castle, while Ōtomo forces pursued him, until Munekatsu committed suicide inside the castle. On the same day, Dōsetsu and Takahashi Shigetane continued their operation against the Mōri clan's reinforcement that had been sent to reinforce Munekatsu. The standoff of Dōsetsu and Takahashi Shigetane against the Mōri continued until the next night, when Dōsetsu led a night raid against the Mōri army's supply base and forced the Mōri forces to retreat. On July 29, Dōsetsu and other Ōtomo generals commenced clean-up operation against the remaining resistances in the Mount Tachibana area, until 5,000 Mōri clan soldiers headed by Shimizu Munenori and Harada Takatane arrived to Tachibana Mountain on August 2. To resist this newly arrived enemy, Dōsetsu, Usuki Akisumi, and Yoshihiro Akimasa engaged the Mōri clan forces at the foot of Mount Tachibana. The result of this battle ended with an Ōtomo victory with the Mōri clan army routed and more than 300 Mōri being captured. Following the end of the Munekatsu rebellion and the failure of Mōri clan assistance, the office of the Tachibana clan was postponed from being inherited by Munekatsu's legitimate heir. On November 25, Dōsetsu entered Chikugo Akashi Castle and married Hitoshihime, the daughter of Monchūsho Akitoyo, an Otomo vassal. In 1569, Dōsetsu was involved in the failed defense of
Tachibana Castle was a Japanese castle in Chikuzen Province, in the north of Kyūshū. It was at the peak of Mount Tachibana, extending in part into the Higashi-ku in Fukuoka. The castle is also known as Rikka-jō, Tachibana-jō, or Rikkasan-jō. History The ...
, where the enemy forces under Mōri Motonari, by the extensive use of cannons, defeated Dosetsu forces. It was said that the reason Dōsetsu was forced to abandon the castle was a lack of supplies. Later the same year, Dōsetsu personally led the Otomo forces against the
Mōri clan The was a Japanese clan, Japanese samurai clan descended from Ōe no Hiromoto. Ōe no Hiromoto was descended from the Fujiwara clan. The family's most illustrious member, Mōri Motonari, greatly expanded the clan's power in Aki Province. Durin ...
in the Tatara area (located in modern day
Higashi-ku, Fukuoka is one of the seven Wards of Japan, wards of Fukuoka in Japan. As of 1 March 2012, it has a population of 296,576, with 136,133 households, and an area of 66.68 km2. Its name literally means "east ward". Kashii, Japan, Kashii is in this ...
), where they engaged in at least four battles which ended in deadlocks. On 18 May, after several engagements at the Battle of Tatarahama, the Ōtomo army, led by Dōsetsu, Usuki Akisumi, and Yoshihiro Akimasa, clashed with 40,000 soldiers under
Kikkawa Motoharu was the second son of Mōri Motonari, and featured prominently in all the wars of the Mōri clan. He became an active commander of the Mōri army and he with his brother Kobayakawa Takakage became known as the “Mōri Ryōsen", or “Mōri's T ...
and Kobayakawa Takakage. During the fierce battle, Dōsetsu lead the charge into the enemy formation and killed more than ten of the enemy and managed to defeat the Motoharu vanguard, which was led by Yoshikawa Motoharu's vanguard, led by Nobuki Narazaki. Then, Yoshikawa Motoharu used iron cannon to counterattack. The situation was described as dire for the Ōtomo side before Dōsetsu charged towards a gap in the formation of Takakage's army, allowing other Dōsetsu generals to reorganize themselves and rearrange their artillery. Dōsetsu, riding his horse, charged forward into the enemy camp while drawing his sword. The army of Motoharu and Takakage was unable to resist and was pushed back. From 21–26 May, following the battle of Tatatahama, there were about 18 more clashes in the area between the Dōsetsu and the Mōri army with undetermined results. At this point, the Mōri clan suddenly lost their motivation to defend Tachibana Castle from Dōsetsu, as their own territories were threatened by
Yamanaka Yukimori , also known as Yamanaka Shikanosuke (山中 鹿の介) or Shikasuke (鹿の介), was a Japanese samurai of the Sengoku period. He served the Amago clan of Izumo Province. Nussbaum, Louis-Frédéric. (2005)"Yamanaka Shikanosuke"in ''Japan Encyc ...
and Ōuchi Teruhiro. Then the Mōri sued for peace, which was accepted by the Ōtomo on the condition that Tachibana Castle be relinquished back to them. On 23 April 1570, Dōsetsu fought the forces of
Ryūzōji Takanobu was a Japanese ''daimyō'' in Hizen Province during the Sengoku period. Takanobu was the head of the Ryūzōji clan. Biography Takanobu was the grandson of Ryūzōji Iekane (1454-1546). His father was Ryûzôji Chikaie and his mother was Ke ...
and
Nabeshima Naoshige was a warlord of the Sengoku and early Edo periods and progenitor of the Nabeshima lords of the Saga Domain. Nussbaum, Louis-Frédéric. (2005)"Nabeshima Naoshige"in ''Japan Encyclopedia'', p. 680. Naoshige was the second son of . His mothe ...
in the Battle of Imayama. In this engagement, Dōsetsu was recorded as riding a
palanquin The litter is a class of wheelless vehicles, a type of human-powered transport, for the transport of people. Smaller litters may take the form of open chairs or beds carried by two or more carriers, some being enclosed for protection from the el ...
for the first time, to support his disabled left leg during the battle. After this battle, Dōsetsu advanced further to engage the Ryūzōji army on the eastern flank of
Saga Castle is a Japanese castle located in Saga City, Saga Prefecture, Japan. It is a ''hiraijirō'', a castle built on a plains rather than a hill or mountain, and is surrounded by a wall rather than being built above a stone base. Saga castle was home t ...
until September, after which Dōsetsu negotiated a truce with Ryūzōji Takanobu. However, this campaign, which ended on 20 August, was considered a catastrophic defeat to Ōtomo forces, due to the massive casualties they suffered and failure to complete their objectives.


Military service 1571-1579

In 1571, Dōsetsu was appointed as the official head of Tachibana clan, and received the surname of Tachibana. As he now controlled Tachibanayama Castle, Dōsetsu was tasked to maintain the defense of the northwestern reaches of Bungo Province. However, as Dōsetsu was now tasked to defend Tachibana castle, the Bekki clan, which Dōsetsu originally hailed from, was divided in their opinions, as there were some who wanted to remain in Bekki clan's traditional domain, Fujikita, while other vassals of Bekki clan, such as Andō Ietada, chose to follow Dōsetsu into Tachibana. Furthermore, Dōsetsu was also promoted to ''Shugodai'' of Chikuzen Province, causing Dōsetsu to now hold virtually limitless authority over the province. In the same year, Dōsetsu took Munakata Irohime, sister of his old enemy, Munakata Ujisada, as concubine. Dōsetsu was 59 years old, while Irohime was 25 years old. This was considered as a reconciliatory political marriage between the Munakata and the Ōtomo clans. In 1575, Dōsetsu tried to adopt his vassal, Komono Masutoki, as the heir of the Tachibana clan. However, Masutoki declined to be adopted, Dōsetsu now changing his focus for the Tachibana clan heir to his daughter's only daughter, Tachibana Ginchiyo. Dōsetsu did secure authorization from Ōtomo Sorin to appoint Ginchiyo as the heir of the Tachibana clan. After Sorin granted him permission, Dōsetsu immediately retired as the head of Tachibana clan and appointed Ginchiyo, who at that time was still 7 years old, as head of the Tachibana clan. Dōsetsu also resigned from the position of ''
Karō were top-ranking samurai officials and advisors in service to the ''daimyōs'' of feudal Japan. Overview In the Edo period, the policy of ''sankin-kōtai'' (alternate attendance) required each ''daimyō'' to place a ''karō'' in Edo and anothe ...
'' (senior official) of the Ōtomo clan, and assumed a more active role in the military command of Chikuzen Province.


Defense of Chikuzen Province

In 1578, Dōsetsu and Takahashi Shigetane led a military operation in
Tsukushi Province was an Old provinces of Japan, ancient province of Japan, in the area of Chikuzen Province, Chikuzen and Chikugo Province, Chikugo provinces. This province was located within Fukuoka Prefecture.Louis-Frédéric, Nussbaum, Louis-Frédéric. (2005 ...
, from which they pacified Iwaya Castle in
Chikuzen Province was a province of Japan in the area of northern Kyūshū, corresponding to part of north and western Fukuoka Prefecture. Chikuzen bordered on Hizen to the east, and Buzen east, and Bungo to the southeast. Its abbreviated form name was (a ...
, until they stopped at Shibata River. However, later in the same year the Ōtomo clan suffered a disastrous defeat at the Battle of Mimigawa at the hands of the
Shimazu clan The were the ''daimyō'' of the Satsuma han, which spread over Satsuma, Ōsumi and Hyūga provinces in Japan. The Shimazu were identified as one of the '' tozama'' or outsider ''daimyō'' familiesAppert, Georges ''et al.'' (1888). in contr ...
. Nevertheless, the defeat of the Ōtomo clan in Mimigawa prompted Dōsetsu to write many letters to Yoshimune and other high ranking vassals of the clan wherein he blamed the setbacks and also various rebellions by former Ōtomo vassals such as Akizuki Tanezane to the apostasy of many people in the region and conversions to Christianity. This harsh criticism from Dōsetsu caused many Ōtomo vassals to change their attitude towards Christianity and European missionaries, while Yoshimune himself even told
Luís Fróis Luís Fróis (1532 – 8 July 1597) was a Portuguese Catholic priest and missionary who worked in Asia, most notably Japan, during the second half of the 16th century. As a Jesuit, he preached in Japan during the Sengoku period, meeting with O ...
that he would not sponsor Christianity anymore in Ōtomo's territory. As the Ōtomo clan indeed suffered massive defections from their vassals due to their loss in Mimigawa, Dōsetsu stayed loyal. However, Tachibana Castle, which was located in the frontier of Ōtomo clan territories, now became vulnerable to enemy invasion. In 11-13 December, Ryuzoji Takanobu worked together with Tsukushi Hirokado and Akizuki Tanezane to invade Chikuzen, while Dōsetsu and his army worked hard to defend those territories. In 1579, in mid-January, Dōsetsu participated in the second Ōtomo invasion of Tsukushi Province and Dazaifu town, against the Akizuki clan, forcing Akizuki Tanezane to abandon his siege of Takatoriyama Castle. After that, Dōsetsu besieged Iwaya Castle for the second time. In March, Dōsetsu besieged Iwaya Castle for the third time with some subsequent clashes against the forces of Akizuki Tanezane.吉永正春『筑前戦国史』 p.109~110二日市の戦い
/ref>『筑後将士軍談』 卷之第十二 豊後勢與秋月筑紫挑戦之事 P.317
/ref> Following that, Dōsetsu engaged the Akizuki clan forces in the Battle of Yatake, Chikuzen Province. On 18 April, Dōsetsu rescued an Ōtomo-clan general named Shiga Chikamori, from being pursued by Akizuki Tanezane, by tricking the latter with some deceptions. Tanezane then withdrew his army as he believed the ruse.
/ref> On 12–18 July, Dōsetsu defeated Harada Nobutane in the Battle of Namamatsuhara. On 27 July, Dōsetsu repelled a joint attack from Tanezane and Nobutane. From 18 August until early September, Dōsetsu engaged in three separate battles against the armies of Harada Nobutane, Munakata Ujisada, and the Sugi clan in Tatarahama, Hakozaki, and near Agematsu Castle, respectively.
/ref> In September, Dōsetsu and other Ōtomo generals fought in five separate battles against the allied forces of the Akizuki, Ryuzoji, Munakata, and Harada clans, in places such as Arahei Castle, Ikeda Castle, and Kosoyama Castle. On 15 November to 29 December, Dōsetsu was involved in five engagements against the Akizuki clan and their allies, such as Tsukushi Hirokado and the Harada clan.『筑後将士軍談』 卷之第十二 高橋秋月挑戦之事 P.321
/ref>


Military service 1580-1584

In 1580, Dōsetsu sent a letter to 13 senior retainers of
Ōtomo Yoshimune Ōtomo Yoshimune (大友義統, 15581605) was a Japanese daimyō of the Sengoku period, heir of Otomo Sōrin at the head of the Ōtomo clan. He was the eldest son and successor of Otomo Sōrin as lord of the Bungo Province. His mother was an an ...
, the heir to Sorin. In that letter, Dōsetsu condemned the spread of Christianity in the territories of the Ōtomo clan. On 2 February, Dōsetsu fought the forces of the Ryuzoji clan in Sawara, Chiba. In May, he managed to capture a castle in Chikuzen from Munakata Ujisada. On 10 September, Dōsetsu clashed with Ujisada in the Yoshikawa area of Fukuoka, followed, in October, by the second Battle of Kama-Honami, the Battle of Mount Ishigaki, and the Battle of Yagiyama Ishizaka.『筑後将士軍談』 卷之第十二 筑前国所々合戦之事 P.324
/ref> From 3 November to December, Dōsetsu fought the forces of Akizuki Tanezane and Munakata Ujisada.
/ref> In 1581, Dōsetsu participated in several engagements against Akizuki Tanezane. First, Dōsetsu fought Tanezane and Ujisada in the Battle of Koganebara, which was recorded as the largest military engagement in Kurate District, Fukuoka, up to that time. In this battle, Dōsetsu inflicted a crushing defeat on his enemies, which left the territories under the control of Ujisada vulnerable to further incursions by Dōsetsu's army. Later, Dōsetsu again fought Tanezane in Shimizuhara, and at Takatori Castle. On 27 July, Dōsetsu and Shigetane fought Tsukushi Hirokado and Akizuki Tanezane in the Second Battle of Dazaifu Kanzeon-ji. It was in this battle that Takahashi Munetora, who would become known as
Tachibana Muneshige , was a Japanese ''samurai'', known in his youth as Senkumamaru (千熊丸) and alternatively called Tachibana Munetora (立花宗虎 or 立花統虎), during the Azuchi–Momoyama period and an Edo-period ''daimyō''. He was the eldest biol ...
, saw his first notable action. Contemporary Italian Jesuit
Alessandro Valignano Alessandro Valignano, S.J., sometimes Valignani (Chinese: 范禮安 ''Fàn Lǐ’ān''; February 1539 – January 20, 1606), was an Italian Jesuit priest and missionary born in Chieti, part of the Kingdom of Naples, who helped supervise the i ...
recorded that Muneshige was adopted by Dōsetsu and inherited the headship of the Tachibana clan. At first, Shigetane declined. However, Dōsetsu implored him and stated that although he had Ginchiyo as inheritor of his clan, he needed strong young samurai to lead the Tachibana clan in the future. He further stated that, after his death, strong commanders would be needed to lead both the Takahashi and Tachibana clans to defend the declining Ōtomo clan. As he saw that the Takahashi Shigetane potential heirs were many, then he needed Muneshige to inherit the headship of Tachibana. Thus, Shigetane finally accepted this reasoning and agreed to give Muneshige for the Tachibana clan. Then, as he secured the adoption, Dōsetsu immediately changed the lordship of the Tachibana clan from his daughter, Ginchiyo, to Muneshige. On 6 November, Dōsetsu, along with Muneshige and Shigetane, marched to Kama and Honami. While on their way to the rescue of Kutami Akiyasu, the Tachibana and Takahashi forces received information that Akiyasu had safely retreated after fighting Akizuki Tanezane and Monjūjo Munekage the elder (great-uncle of Monjūjo Munekage the younger) in the Battle of Haratsuru. However, the Tanezane forces were still pursuing them. Both battles resulted in over 1,000 casualties, including over 300 casualties from the Tachibana and Takahashi, and 760 from the Akizuki clan. On 10 February 1582, Dōsetsu fought the Harada clan forces in the Fifth Battle of Ima Matsubara. Later, on 16 March, he fought Ujisada forces in the Battle of Mount Konomi. On 16 April, Dōsetsu and Tachibana Muneshige besieged Iwato Castle, which was under the control of Nobutane. In the morning, Dōsetsu crossed the Naka River with 1,000 of his soldiers, then he divided them into two groups before storming the castle and forcing the defenders to abandon it, allowing Dōsetsu to claim the castle. On 16 April 1582, during the Battle of Iwato, against the combined forces of 2,000 from the Akizuki, Harada, and Munakata clans, Dōsetsu led a 500-strong ambush force and surrounded the enemy's 1,000-strong main force. 300 of Muneshige's troops launched a surprise attack from the side with guns, while the remaining 200 soldiers were led by Komono Masutoki, who set up a false flag to make it look like reinforcements from the Ōtomo clan were coming, and finally managed to lift the siege. Muneshige then led 1,000 cavalry including Komono Masutoki, Korenobu Yufu, and Shigeyuki Ono, and eliminated 300 of the Harada general's troops. Kasa Okinaga, who had built a fort at Iwatosho Kubeno, killed 150 of them, and pursued them westward to Sawara County, where he burned down Harada Chikahide's Sawara Castle. On 2 October, Dōsetsu sent his retainer Yoshida Rensama to assist Shigetane in recapturing Yonenoyama Castle from the Akizuki clan. It was recorded that 200 soldiers of the Akizuki clan were slain during this battle. On 12 November, Dōsetsu was tasked by Mori Shizuma, an Ōtomo clan vassal, to govern the town of Takatori. On the following day, as Dōsetsu was transporting military supplies to Nōgata, he was ambushed by Munakata Ujisada's army at Miyawaka. As Dōsetsu's forces fought back, they managed to repulse Ujisada forces, although they suffered many losses. On the following day, 14 November, Dōsetsu once again clashed with Ujisada forces, while the next day Dōsetsu hastily marched his army to capture Miyaji town at
Fukutsu, Fukuoka file:Fukuma Fishing Port Seaside Park 20170212-4.jpg, 270px, Fukuma Fishing Port Seaside Park file:Haiden of Miyajidake Shrine.JPG, 270px, Miyajidake Shrine is a Cities of Japan, city located in Fukuoka Prefecture, Japan. , the city had an estim ...
, while Ujisada was still occupied with defending Kōbitake Castle. The last military engagement Dōsetsu was involved with in 1582 occurred on 22 December, when Dōsetsu, Shigetane, and Muneshige fought against Ujisada. From January to February 1583, Dōsetsu and Shigetane fought the Tsukushi clan in
Hakata-ku, Fukuoka is a wards of Japan, ward of the city of Fukuoka in Fukuoka Prefecture, Japan. Many of Fukuoka Prefecture and Fukuoka City's principal government, commercial, retail and entertainment establishments are located in the district. Hakata-ku is als ...
. From February to April, Dōsetsu managed to repel repeated attacks from Tsukushi Hirokado. On 23 April, Dōsetsu and Shigetane stormed Konomidake Castle, which was defended by Ujisada, causing the latter to flee into Hakusan Castle.


Bungo Province reconquest

In March 1584, after Ryūzōji Takanobu was killed at the Battle of Okitanawate, the Ōtomo clan launched a reconquest of Ryūzōji territories, which formerly belonged to the Ōtomo, by invading Bungo Province. However, they were unable to subdue Chikugo Neko'o Castle which was defended by Kuroki Ienaga. This prompted Yoshimune to request assistance from Dōsetsu and Takahashi Shigetane on 18 August. In response, Dōsetsu and Shigetane marched their force of 5,000 soldiers, crossing the mountainous and difficult terrain of the Chikugo River, Minou Mountains, Kujukujiri, and Takatori Mountain. while defeating the Tsukushi clan and Akizuki clan forces. The next opponent Dōsetsu and Shigetane faced was the Kusano and Hoshino clans, which Dōsetsu and Shigetane defeated in a series of battle at Tanushimaru Town, Katase, Eritoguchi, and Ishigaki, spanning 60 kilometer of from their starting point. On the 20 August, Dōsetsu appointed his vassal, Ujibe Tsubakihara to command an assault against Takamure Castle, which surrendered on 24 August. Then the forces of Dōsetsu and Shigetane further advanced and subdued Inuo Castle. On 25 August, they moving further to Mount Okagoya, where local samurai clans in the area submitted and joined the Ōtomo side. On 28 August, Dōsetsu sent his general Tachibana Shizumi to lead a detachment of 800 soldiers to besiege Jojima Castle. However, this detachment failed to subdue the castle. From 8–11 September, Dōsetsu and Shigetane continued their march while subduing many Chikugo Province castles, such as Yamashita Castle, Tanigawa Castle, Henshun Castle, Kanematsu Castle, and Yamazaki Castle, and are recorded as having burned several villages surrounding Yanagawa castle on the 9th. On 3 October, Dōsetsu and Shigetane stormed Takei Castle and razed it. On 28 October they pursued the fleeing enemy led by Kusano Chin'ei, who retreated to Hosshindake Castle. However, they failed to capture that castle, and Dōsetsu and Shigetane moved further onto another objective and captured Takatori Castle/Hoshino Castle (Yamanonaka Castle) and Fukumaru Castle on their way, until they captured Inoue Castle on 14 November. Furthermore, after burning down several settlements within Akizuki Clan's territory around Amagi and Amamizu, Dōsetsu and Shigetane proceeded to capture many castles in Mizuma District. However, they subsequently learned that the Akizuki clan forces managed to defeat an Ōtomo clan forces led by Chikaie Tawara, which forced Dōsetsu and Shigetane to abort their operation and returned to Mount Tawara and establish camp there with other Ōtomo generals such as Kutami Akiyasu and Chiga Shikamori. From then on, the year passed with their forces stationed in Kitano.


Defense of Kurume 1585

In 1585, Dōsetsu was involved in a defense against a massive invasion by an anti-Ōtomo alliance led by Ryūzōji Ieharu. This alliance involved many Ōtomo enemies such as Kusano Chin'ei, Nabeshima Naoshige, Tsukushi Hirokado, Ki Shigefusa (also known as Utsunomiya Chinfusa), Nagano Sukemori, and Goto Ienobu. This alliance was further augmented by samurai clans from Hizen, Chikuzen, Chikugo, and Buzen, adding up to 30,000 soldiers in strength, while Dōsetsu and Takahashi Shigetane had only 9,800 soldiers under their command. The alliance began their attacks towards
Kurume is a city in Fukuoka Prefecture, Japan. , the city had an estimated population of 295,367 in 137,140 households, and a population density of 1309 people per km². The total area of the city is . Geography Kurume is located in the Chikugo Plain ...
town. Dōsetsu and Shigetane managed to gain a series of victories over the numerically superior allied forces with a combination of brilliant maneuvers and tactics in three separate battles: * At first, on 8 April, Dōsetsu and Shigetane launched an assault on
Yanagawa Yanagawa may refer to: * Yanagawa, Fukuoka * Yanagawa, Fukushima * Yanagawa (surname) * Yanagawa (film) {{disambig ...
, killing enemy troops and capture enemy generals such as Ryuzouji Shinsuke. Then they followed up by burning down Yanagawa and returning to the coast of Takao. Later ,the Ōtomo forces splitting their 9,800 soldiers into two groups. * Then, Dōsetsu and Shigetane camped at Takara mountain, before they once again deployed their army on 18 April, storming Hatsushin Castle and capturing it. Dōsetsu and Shigetane managed to repulse the Ryūzōji clan reinforcements, which had been sent to the castle. * In the final phase of this series of engagements around the vicinity of Kurume town, the anti-Ōtomo forces were beaten back with losses after Dōsetsu and Shigetane fought ferociously to defend their position. On 23 April, Ieharu and Hirokado committed their reserve of 16,000 troops and divided their force into five sections besieging Kurume. Dōsetsu and Shigetane engaged the allied forces with a combination of skillful artillery salvos, defensive formation tactics, and timely counterattacks, which in the end caused the allied siege to collapse.


Death

In 1585, during the siege of Neko'o Castle,
Chikugo Province was a province of Japan in the area of northern Kyūshū, corresponding to part of southwestern Fukuoka Prefecture. Chikugo bordered on Higo and Chikugo to the southeast, and Chikuzen to the north and east, Bungo to the east and Hizen to t ...
, Dōsetsu fell ill. Then as his condition worsened, and he felt he was about to die, Dōsetsu told his retainers to put his body in armor and bury it on Mt. Kora facing Yanagawa Castle. Thus he passed on September 11 at the age of 73. However, as Takahashi Shigetane and Tachibana Muneshige feared that the enemy would desecrate Dōsetsu's body after a contemplated retreat, they did not fulfill his wishes and instead brought his corpse along with them on their retreat. Upon his death, Dōsetsu was recorded to have fought in 37 campaigns and more than 100 minor engagements while about half of his body was paralyzed.吉永正春『筑前戦国史』道雪の死 p.203~210


Personal attributes

Dōsetsu was known for his loyalty to the Ōtomo clan. However, he was not afraid to criticize his lord. When, in 1578, Ōtomo Sorin planned to subjugate the Shimazu clan in southern Kyushu, Dōsetsu firmly opposed this policy. Later, when indeed Sorin was crushed by the Shimazu clan at the Battle of Mimigawa, Dōsetsu immediately harshly criticized Sorin. However, although the aftermath of this crushing defeat caused many of their vassals to lose confidence in the Ōtomo clan and defect, Dōsetsu stayed loyal and kept defended the Ōtomo clan. On one occasion, Dōsetsu even killed a pet monkey of Sorin with a
Japanese war fan The Japanese war fan, or ''tessen'' (), is a Japanese hand fan used as a weapon or for signalling. Several types of war fans were used by the samurai class of feudal Japan and each had a different look and purpose. Description War fans varied i ...
, as he saw Sorin was too self-indulgent with partying and playing with his pet. Furthermore, it was recorded that he changed his name from Hetsugi to Dōsetsu in 1563 in a deliberate attempt to associate himself with loyalty to Sorin, as he saw ''Dōsetsu'', which literally means "road's snow", as symbolizing a loyalty in terms of a road that, frozen by snow, would never change its way, to be interpreted as his never changing his way or betraying his master until his own death.『立花遺香』 P.18~19
/ref> Dōsetsu was notoriously known as a ruthless disciplinarian. During the campaign against the Ryuzoji clan at Chikuzen Kawarasaki, he learned that some of his soldiers had left camp without permission and returned to their homes. Dōsetsu immediately dispatched other soldiers and ordered them to execute not only those deserting soldiers who had returned home, but also their parents. Despite the urging of other senior military officers to not kill those soldier's parents, Dōsetsu insisted, as he viewed the parents as equally guilty. Dōsetsu was said to possess a "strength that above any ordinary men" and mastered a particular sword style that was named ''tachiuchi ni myō o etaru'' (the art of slashing in all directions). According to the chronicle of ''Bekkidōsetsu Jō-jō Bekki gundan'', Dōsetsu managed to personally kill three Mōri clan generals, namely Motonori Akagawa, Motochika Katsura, and Motoyo Reisen, during the Battle of Yanagigaura on 13 October 1562.刀 無銘 兼光
/ref> On the 14th, during the same battle, Dōsetsu reportedly cut down seven enemy warriors and personally charged into the enemy camp while on horseback, after which he received the nickname '
Oni An ( ) is a kind of ''yōkai'', demon, orc, ogre, or troll in Japanese folklore. They are believed to live in caves or deep in the mountains or in hell. Oni are known for their superhuman strength and have been associated with powers like th ...
-Dōsetsu' (Demon-Dōsetsu). Meanwhile, other records, from ''Bekki Gundan'' and ''Kyūshū shoshō gunki'', have stated that in 1567 Dōsetsu personally killed two enemy warriors, namely Katsura Motochika and Akagawa Motonori. During a battle with the Mori clan in 1569, Dōsetsu killed at least ten enemy warriors personally. It was said that Dōsetsu was respected and admired even by his enemies.
Nabeshima Naoshige was a warlord of the Sengoku and early Edo periods and progenitor of the Nabeshima lords of the Saga Domain. Nussbaum, Louis-Frédéric. (2005)"Nabeshima Naoshige"in ''Japan Encyclopedia'', p. 680. Naoshige was the second son of . His mothe ...
reportedly shed tears after hearing the death of Dōsetsu, while
Ryūzōji Takanobu was a Japanese ''daimyō'' in Hizen Province during the Sengoku period. Takanobu was the head of the Ryūzōji clan. Biography Takanobu was the grandson of Ryūzōji Iekane (1454-1546). His father was Ryûzôji Chikaie and his mother was Ke ...
once praised Dōsetsu as "a best military figure in his time who are a lover of martial arts and literatures". Meanwhile, his contemporary, the famous daimyo of Kai Province,
Takeda Shingen was daimyō, daimyo of Kai Province during the Sengoku period of Japan. Known as "the Tiger of Kai", he was one of the most powerful daimyo of the late Sengoku period, and credited with exceptional military prestige. Shingen was based in a p ...
, reportedly had heard of the reputation of Dōsetsu, and once said that Shingen said he "would like to fight Dōsetsu in a battle and test his fighting skills", although Shingen lamented that the distance between his territory and that of Dōsetsu's were too far apart.


Weaponry and armor

According to folklore, while Dōsetsu was still a young man he was taking shelter under a tree, as it was raining. Suddenly, a lightning bolt struck him. However, Dōsetsu unsheathed his Chidori sword to cut the Thunder God inside the lightning bolt, allowing himself to survive. After this incident, he renamed his 'Chidori' to 'Raikiri'. The sword which is now preserved in a museum has discolored marks on its tip, which allegedly are the result of being struck by lightning bolt once. Aside from Raikiri, Dōsetsu also possessed a 85 cm ''
katana A is a Japanese sword characterized by a curved, single-edged blade with a circular or squared guard and long grip to accommodate two hands. Developed later than the ''tachi'', it was used by samurai in feudal Japan and worn with the edge fa ...
'' sword made by Bizen Kiyomitsu. A ''
yari is the term for a traditionally-made Japanese blade (日本刀; nihontō) in the form of a spear, or more specifically, the straight-headed spear. The martial art of wielding the is called . History The forerunner of the is thought to be a ...
'' (Japanese spear) belonging to Dōsetsu is also preserved in the Tachibana Museum in Yanagawa city. It was reported that Dōsetsu used this spear to fight during the Battle of Mount Tachibana valley on 4 July 1568, when he fought against Tachibana Akitoshi, the former head of Tachibana clan who rebelled against the Ōtomo clan. The Tachibana Museum also preserved a ''
naginata The ''naginata'' (, , ) is a polearm and one of several varieties of traditionally made Japanese blades ('' nihontō''). ''Naginata'' were originally used by the samurai class of feudal Japan, as well as by ashigaru (foot soldiers) and sōhei ( ...
'' (polearm) which dates from 1553 and which belonged to the Tachibana clan. Its blade length 65 cm while its curvature is 2.1 cm. This naginata was said to be one of the naginatas carried by 100 soldiers while escorting Dōsetsu's carriage during battles.薙刀 銘 豊州高田住平家盛
/ref>


Warfare

As a military commander, Dōsetsu participated in melee combats during his wars, despite suffering from paralysis in his left leg due to an accident at a point during his life, which forced him to ride in a carriage carried by his followers, even during battles. He also is said to keep his personal arquebus Tanegashima gun on the side of his carriage. There would be about 100 soldiers surrounding his carriage to escort him in battles. Dōsetsu was said to command the soldiers who carried him to take him along in his carriage when charging into enemy ranks during battles. Under Dōsetsu command were many units which were unique to his clan. Those units were usually given extravagant sobriquets, such as "Tachibana clan's four heavenly kings" (''Shitennō''), "Dōsetsu's 48 White hawk warriors" (''Shirotaka''), "Tachibana's 32 spear warriors" (''San jū ni yari hashira''), or "Dōsetsu's two great kings" (''no niō'')『旧柳川藩志』上卷 第五章 行政 第一節元亀・慶長時代187頁 These units usually consisted of the most elite and trusted retainers of both the Bekki and Tachibana clans. However, the membership of this units also changed many times during Dōsetsu lifetime. For example, the 48 White hawk Warriors often recruited new members to replace those who had retired or been killed in battle in order to sustain their numbers. Meanwhile, to help him maintain the administrations, Dōsetsu appointed seven of his most senior retainers as ''
karō were top-ranking samurai officials and advisors in service to the ''daimyōs'' of feudal Japan. Overview In the Edo period, the policy of ''sankin-kōtai'' (alternate attendance) required each ''daimyō'' to place a ''karō'' in Edo and anothe ...
'' (家老; chief retainer). Dōsetsu was also known as avid reader of military strategy in
Sun Tzu Sun Tzu (; zh, t=孫子, s=孙子, first= t, p=Sūnzǐ) may have been a Chinese General, military general, strategist, philosopher, and writer who lived during the Eastern Zhou period (771–256 BC). Sun Tzu is traditionally credited as the au ...
's ''
The Art of War ''The Art of War'' is an ancient Chinese military treatise dating from the late Spring and Autumn period (roughly 5th century BC). The work, which is attributed to the ancient Chinese military strategist Sun Tzu ("Master Sun"), is compos ...
''. Later, in a Ōtomo military campaign, together with Takahashi Shigetane, Dōsetsu fought using the ''hōen'' (square) defensive formation, which included six ranks of arquebusiers and two ranks of bows to fend off attacks. In this battle, Shigetane used a defensive formation which was called the ''kōyaku'' formation. Another tactic implemented by Dōsetsu was an ad-hoc maneuver called ''Nagao-Gakari'' (長尾懸かり). This tactic involved two ranks of riflemen which would shoot their guns in rotation, followed by spearmens charging forward, which was further followed by cavalry troops charging from behind them. Dōsetsu was also known for his innovations in gunpowder warfare, as, according to one record, Dōsetsu once conducted experiments on complex movements of iron cannons before firing. He also invented a method of mixing ammunition and projectiles for one shot into bamboo tubes, or cartridges. This technique was rumored to allow the musket gunners of Tachibana clan to fire salvos of their matchlock rifles three times faster than other contemoporary rifle gunners in Japan. This technique, called ''hayagō'', was reportedly used by
Tachibana Muneshige , was a Japanese ''samurai'', known in his youth as Senkumamaru (千熊丸) and alternatively called Tachibana Munetora (立花宗虎 or 立花統虎), during the Azuchi–Momoyama period and an Edo-period ''daimyō''. He was the eldest biol ...
during the
Siege of Ōtsu The took place in 1600, concurrent with the battle of Sekigahara. Kyogoku Takatsugu, Kyōgoku Takatsugu held Otsu, Shiga, Ōtsu castle for the Tokugawa clan, Tokugawa, and commanded the garrison. Mōri Terumoto, Tachibana Muneshige, and rough ...
in 1600.


In popular culture

The 18th-century Japanese philosopher
Miura Baien In Japanese names here, surname is first. "Baien" was a pen-name, "plum garden". was a physician, natural philosophy, natural philosopher and scholar in mid-Edo Period Japan. He is known as one of the "Three Wise Men of Bungo", along with Banri Ho ...
wrote an elegy that praised Tachibana Dōsetsu for his wisdom, courage, and honor. Tachibana Dōsetsu is depicted in the Japanese semi-historical novel ''Honō no gunsen Tachibana Dōsetsu'', by Nishizu Hiromi. In the popular anime series ''
Naruto ''Naruto'' is a Japanese manga series written and illustrated by Masashi Kishimoto. It tells the story of Naruto Uzumaki, a young ninja who seeks recognition from his peers and dreams of becoming the Hokage, the leader of his village. T ...
'', there are techniques named "Chidori" and "Raikiri". To reference the story of Dōsetsu, a major character named Kakashi Hatake uses one of these techniques to cut a bolt of lightning in half. In the anime series '' Katana Maidens'', Chidori is the sword used by the main character, Eto Kanami. Tachibana appears in the video game '' Samurai Warriors 2: Empires'' as a generic officer. Tachibana is mentioned in the description of the Raikiri, which is usable in the fantasy
RPG RPG may refer to: Military * Rocket-propelled grenade, a shoulder-launched anti-tank weapon **''Ruchnoi Protivotankoviy Granatomyot'' (Russian: ''Ручной Противотанковый Гранатомёт''), hand-held anti-tank grenade laun ...
''
Nioh is a 2017 action role-playing game developed by Team Ninja and published by Koei Tecmo for the PlayStation 4. Sony Interactive Entertainment published the game outside Japan on PlayStation consoles. A port to Windows including all downloadabl ...
''.


See also

* Shigashi


Appendix


Footnotes


References


Bibliography

* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Nishizu Hiromi (1998). ''Honō no gunsen Tachibana Dōsetsu'' 炎の軍扇立花道雪. (Tokyo: Sōbunsha) * * * * * * * *


External biography

* Containing excerpts from: ** ** **
戦国戸次氏年表

井樓纂聞 梅岳公遺事
{{DEFAULTSORT:Tachibana, Dosetsu Samurai Daimyo 1513 births 1585 deaths People from Bungo-ōno, Ōita Tachibana clan Japanese Buddhist clergy Deified Japanese men People from Ōita Prefecture