Tabuk, officially the City of Tabuk (; ), is a

component city A city ( or ) is one of the units of local government in the Philippines. All Philippine cities are chartered cities (Filipino: ), whose existence as corporate and administrative entities is governed by their own specific municipal charters in a ...

and capital of the

province A province is an administrative division within a country or sovereign state, state. The term derives from the ancient Roman , which was the major territorial and administrative unit of the Roman Empire, Roman Empire's territorial possessions ou ...

of Kalinga,

Philippines The Philippines, officially the Republic of the Philippines, is an Archipelagic state, archipelagic country in Southeast Asia. Located in the western Pacific Ocean, it consists of List of islands of the Philippines, 7,641 islands, with a tot ...

. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 121,033 people making it the most populous in the province.

Etymology

The term ''Tabuk'' comes from the word ''Tobog'' which refers to a living stream that flows from Sitio Paligatto in Barangay Balawag to the Chico River. The lands passed by this watercourse were also known as Tobog. ''Tabuk'' arose from misunderstanding letter ''G'' for ''C'' (Tobo''g'' to Tobo''c'') and letter ''A'' for letter ''O'', resulting in T''a''boc. Finally, in later years, they preferred to spell the letters ''oc'' as ''uk'', resulting in the current Tab''uk''.

History

Early history

Tabuk was previously known as the "Valley of Gamonangs" after the Kalinga tribe that ruled Northern Kalinga centuries ago, according to one of the early Spanish missionaries. They lived in the huge valleys and densely forested plains between the Chico and

Cagayan River The Cagayan River, also known as the Río Grande de Cagayán, is the longest river and the largest river by discharge volume of water in the Philippines. It has a total length of approximately and a drainage basin covering . It is located in ...

, and their epic military exploits are recounted in the Kalinga Ullalim. According to historical records, they repelled every attempt by the Spaniards to lodge their claims in the alley. Kalinga owes them the fact that it was never subjected to foreign rule. Repopulation started just before the

First World War World War I or the First World War (28 July 1914 – 11 November 1918), also known as the Great War, was a World war, global conflict between two coalitions: the Allies of World War I, Allies (or Entente) and the Central Powers. Fighting to ...

. The American government dispatched six volunteer pioneers from Sitio Tobog and Lubuagan to repopulate the area. The Lubuagan locals died from

malaria Malaria is a Mosquito-borne disease, mosquito-borne infectious disease that affects vertebrates and ''Anopheles'' mosquitoes. Human malaria causes Signs and symptoms, symptoms that typically include fever, Fatigue (medical), fatigue, vomitin ...

, leaving only Tobog newcomers to cultivate the soil in Laya. They were then joined by their cousins from Tobog. Between 1922 and 1923, the second wave of settlers arrived from Bontoc. They then set up a colony at Bantay. Another group from Bontoc and

Cervantes, Ilocos Sur Cervantes, officially the Municipality of Cervantes (; ), is a municipality of the Philippines, municipality in the Philippine Province, province of Ilocos Sur, Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 19,449 people. T ...

, was taken to Tuga and given the required farm implements, such as mosquito nets and kitchen utensils. They were later joined by migrants from

La Union La Union (), officially the Province of La Union (; ; ; ; ; ), is a coastal province in the Philippines situated in the Ilocos Region on the island of Luzon. The province's capital, the San Fernando, La Union, City of San Fernando, is the most ...

Establishment

The Bureau of Land Survey Party arrived in the early 1930s, ushering in a new era for the community. Tabuk was ruled by four groups of municipal executives before becoming a legal municipality on June 16, 1950, under a congressional act. ''Republic Act No. 533'', which was approved on June 16, 1950, turned the former municipal district of Tabuk into a regular municipality.

Cityhood

Tabuk became the Cordillera's second city after

Baguio Baguio ( , , ), officially the City of Baguio (; ; ), is a Cities of the Philippines#Legal classification, highly urbanized city in the Cordillera Administrative Region, Philippines. It is known as the "Summer Capital of the Philippines", ...

on June 23, 2007, when 17,060 voters ratified ''Republic Act No. 9404''. On November 18, 2008, the

Supreme Court In most legal jurisdictions, a supreme court, also known as a court of last resort, apex court, high (or final) court of appeal, and court of final appeal, is the highest court within the hierarchy of courts. Broadly speaking, the decisions of ...

voted 6–5 to revert Tabuk, among other 15 cities', status back to municipalities. However, on December 21, 2009, the court reversed its first decision, returning Tabuk and the 15 other municipalities back to cities again. It contended that these cities were not covered by Republic Act 9009 – the law enacted in June 2001 that increased the income requirement for cities from P20 million to P100 million – as proven by transcripts of Senate debates while crafting RA 9009. But on August 24, 2010, the court made a reversal again, reinstating its November 2008 decision, making Tabuk and the other 15 cities regular municipalities again. It concluded that the

Local Government Code Codification of laws is a common practice in the Philippines. Many general areas of substantive law, such as criminal law, civil law and labor law are governed by codes of law. Tradition Codification is predominant in countries that adher ...

as amended by RA 9009 should be followed, without exception. Finally, on February 15, 2011, Tabuk and the 15 municipalities became cities again after the court made a third reversal. This time the court acknowledged, among others, that the 16 cityhood laws amended RA 9009, effectively amending the

itself. After six years of legal battles, in its board resolution, the

League of Cities of the Philippines The League of Cities of the Philippines (LCP), also known simply as the League of Cities, is a formal organization of all cities in the Philippines. As of July 8, 2023, there are 149 cities which are part of the organization. Statutory Basis It ...

acknowledged and recognized the cityhood of Tabuk and 15 other cities.

Geography

The City of Tabuk is bordered by Pinukpuk in the north,

Rizal Rizal most commonly refers to: * Rizal (province), a province of the Philippines * José Rizal, Filipino national hero whom the province is named after Rizal may also refer to: People * Akmal Rizal Ahmad Rakhli, Malaysian footballer * Atep Ri ...

in the east,

Quezon Quezon, officially the Province of Quezon () and historically known as Tayabas, is a Provinces of the Philippines, province in the Philippines located in the Calabarzon Regions of the Philippines, region on Luzon. Lucena, a highly urbanized ci ...

Isabela Isabela may refer to: People with the given name * Isabela Boscov, Brazilian film critic * Isabela Corona (1913–1993), Mexican actress * Isabela Garcia (born 1967), Brazilian actress * Isabela Moraes (born 1980), Brazilian synchronized swimmer ...

in the southeast, Paracelis in

Mountain Province Mountain Province (; ; ; ; ; ) is a landlocked province of the Philippines in the Cordillera Administrative Region in Luzon. Its capital is Bontoc while Bauko is the largest municipality. Mountain Province was formerly referred to as Mountain ...

, and Tanudan in the south, and

Lubuagan Lubuagan, officially the Municipality of Lubuagan is a municipality of the Philippines, municipality in the Philippine Province, province of Kalinga (province), Kalinga, Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 9,323 pe ...

and Pasil in the west. Since

2007 2007 was designated as the International Heliophysical Year and the International Polar Year. Events January * January 1 **Bulgaria and Romania 2007 enlargement of the European Union, join the European Union, while Slovenia joins the Eur ...

, Tabuk is the only city in Kalinga, located in the eastern part of the Cordillera Mountain Range. It is widely regarded as the

Cordillera A cordillera is a chain or network of mountain ranges, such as those in the west coast of the Americas. The term is borrowed from Spanish, where the word comes from , a diminutive of ('rope'). The term is most commonly used in physical geogra ...

's rice granary due to its extensive agricultural area, which produces enormous quantities of rice that is distributed to other areas. For the past two decades, it has produced exceptional farmers on a national scale. Tabuk is situated from the country's capital city of

Manila Manila, officially the City of Manila, is the Capital of the Philippines, capital and second-most populous city of the Philippines after Quezon City, with a population of 1,846,513 people in 2020. Located on the eastern shore of Manila Bay on ...

Barangays

The City of Tabuk is politically subdivided into 43

barangay The barangay (; abbreviated as Brgy. or Bgy.), historically referred to as ''barrio'', is the smallest Administrative divisions of the Philippines, administrative division in the Philippines. Named after the Precolonial barangay, precolonial po ...

s. These barangays are headed by elected officials: Barangay Captain,

Barangay Council The Sangguniang Barangay, known in English as the Barangay Council is the local government of a barangay, the smallest administrative division in the Philippines. Each of the 42,004 barangays in the country has its respective Sangguniang Baran ...

, whose members are called Barangay Councilors. All officials are elected every three years. * Agbannawag * Amlao * Appas * Bado Dangwa * Bagumbayan * Balawag * Balong * Bantay * Bulanao Centro * Bulanao Norte * Bulo * Cabaritan * Cabaruan * Calaccad * Calanan * Casigayan * Cudal * Dagupan Centro (

Poblacion ''Poblacion'' (from Spanish '' población'', meaning "population"), sometimes abbreviated as Pob., is a term used in the Philippines to refer to the administrative center, downtown, old town, or commercial area of a city or municipality. It ...

) * Dagupan West * Dilag * Dupag * Gobgob * Guilayon * Ipil * Lacnog * Lacnog West * Lanna * Laya East * Laya West * Lucog * Magnao * Magsaysay * Malalao * Malin-awa * Masablang * Nambaran * Nambucayan * Naneng * New Tanglag * San Juan * San Julian * Suyang * Tuga

Climate

Demographics

In the 2020 census, the population of Tabuk was 121,033 people, with a density of .

Language

Kalinga is the main language of Tabuk. Ilocano is used as a lingua franca in the city.

Economy

The road networks connecting Tabuk to the

Cagayan Valley Cagayan Valley (; ), designated as Region II, is an Regions of the Philippines, administrative region in the Philippines. Located in the northeastern section of Luzon, it is composed of five Provinces of the Philippines, Philippine provinces: ...

and

via

Bontoc Bontoc may refer to: * Bontoc, Mountain Province, Philippines * Bontoc, Southern Leyte, Philippines * Bontoc people, an ethnic group from Central Luzon, Philippines * Bontoc language, spoken by the Bontoc people {{disambig, geo Language and ...

attracted additional residents and investments, accelerating the economic development of the city. The economy is entirely agro-based, and the Chico River Irrigation System's completion accelerated its growth even more. The city is also suggested as the location of the Cordillera's Regional Agro-Industrial Center. This is projected to help Tabuk become the region's leading agri-industrial metropolis.

Government

Local government

Tabuk, belonging to the lone congressional district of the province of Kalinga, is governed by a mayor designated as its local chief executive and by a city council as its legislative body in accordance with the Local Government Code. The mayor, vice mayor, and the councilors are elected directly by the people through elections which are held every three years.

Elected officials

Education

The Tabuk City Schools Division Office governs all educational institutions within the municipality. It oversees the management and operations of all private and public, from primary to secondary schools.

Primary and elementary schools

* Addang Primary School * Agbannawag Elementary School * Amlao Elementary School * Appas Elementary School * Bado Dangwa Elementary School * Balatoc Primary School * Balawag Elementary School * Balong Elementary School * Banagan Primary School * Bantay Elementary School * Banneng Elementary School * Basao Isla Elementary School * Bayabat Elementary School * Binongsay Elementary School * Bulanao Central School * Bulanao East Elementary School * Bulanao East Annex - Greenhills Primary School * Bulanao West Elementary School * Bullaguian Elementary School * Bulo East Elementary School * Bulo West Elementary School * Burayukan Elementary School * Burubor Elementary School * Cabaritan Elementary School * Cabaruan Elementary School * Calaccad Elementary School * Calanan Elementary School * Callagan Elementary School * Callagdao Elementary School * Camp Conrado M. Balweg Elementary School * Casigayan Elementary School * Cataw Primary School * Cudal Elementary School * Dalnacan Elementary School * Dananao Primary School * Dupag Elementary School * Gaogao Elementary School * Gawidan Elementary School * Gobgob Elementary School * Gradual Discovery Elementary School * Guilayon Elementary School * Hilltop Elementary School * Ipil Elementary School * Jesus Cares Learning Center of Tabuk * Kalinga Special Education Center * Lacnog Elementary School * Lanna Elementary School * Laya Elementary School * Laya West Elementary School * Lucog Elementary School * Mabato Elementary School * Madapdappig Elementary School * Madopdop Elementary School * Magabbangon Elementary School * Magnao Elementary School * Magsaysay Elementary School * Malalao Elementary School * Maledda Elementary School * Malin-awa Elementary School * Mallong Elementary School * Map-Hod Montessori Learning Center * Masablang Elementary School * Mansanita Elementary School * Matucnang Elementary School * Nambaran Elementary School * Nambucayan Elementary School * Namnama Elementary School * Naneng Elementary School * New Age Montessori School * New Balbalan ES * New Bangad ES * New Tanglag Elementary School * Pa-o Elementary School * Pantar Elementary School * Paligatto Elementary School * Pinagan ES * San Pablo Primary School * San Juan Elementary School * San Julian Elementary School * Sotto Elementary School * Southern Tabuk CS * Spring Academy Tabuk City * St. Theresita's School of Tabuk * St. William's Academy * St. William's Academy Bulanao * Suyang Elementay School * Tabuk Baptist Christian Academy * Tabuk City Central School * Tabuk Seventh-day Adventist School * Tangbay Elementary School * Tannubong Elementary School * Toppan Elementary School * Tuliao Elementary School * UCCP Capitol Early Childhood School * UCCP Early Childhood Learning Center * Western Tabuk Central School *

Secondary schools

* Agbannawag National High School * Bado Dangwa National High School * Balawag National High School * Balong National High School * Bulo National High School * Calaccad National High School * Cudal National High School * Dilag Integrated School * Eastern Kalinga National High School * Kalinga National High School * International School of Asia and the Pacific-Kalinga Campus * Lacnog Integrated School * Maledda Integrated School * Nambaran Agro-Industrial National High School * Nambucayan National High School * Naneng National High School * Naneng NHS - Mosimos Extension * New Tanglag National High School * Tabuk City National High School * Toppan Integrated School * Tuga National High School

Higher educational institutions

* Cordillera A+ Computer Technology College * Kalinga Colleges of Science and Technology * Kalinga State University * Saint Tonis College * St. Louis College of Bulanao * Tabuk Institute

References

External links

* *

Philippine Standard Geographic Code The Philippine Standard Geographic Code (PSGC) is a systematic classification and coding for geographic areas in the Philippines. It classifies areas based on the country's four levels of administrative divisions: regions, provinces, municipalities ...

br>Philippine Census InformationLocal Governance Performance Management System
{{Authority control Populated places in Kalinga (province) Cities in the Cordillera Administrative Region Provincial capitals of the Philippines Populated places on the Rio Chico de Cagayan Component cities in the Philippines