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Games of
patience, or (card)
solitaire
Solitaire is any tabletop game which one can play by oneself, usually with cards, but also with dominoes. The term "solitaire" is also used for single-player games of concentration and skill using a set layout tiles, pegs or stones. These game ...
s as they are usually called in North America, have their own 'language' of specialised terms such as
"building down",
"packing",
"foundations",
"talon" and
"tableau". Once learnt they are helpful in describing, succinctly and accurately, how the games are played. Patience games are usually for a single player, although a small number have been designed for two and, in rare cases, three or even four players. They are games of skill or chance or a combination of the two. There are three classes of patience grouped by object.
[
The most frequent object is to arrange the cards either in ]ascending sequence
Games of patience (game), patience, or (card) solitaires as they are usually called in North America, have their own 'language' of specialised terms such as #building down, "building down", #packing, "packing", #foundations, "foundations", #talon, ...
(e.g. from Ace to King) or descending sequence
Games of patience, or (card) solitaires as they are usually called in North America, have their own 'language' of specialised terms such as "building down", "packing", "foundations", "talon" and "tableau". Once learnt they are helpful in de ...
. Occasionally both forms of sequence
In mathematics, a sequence is an enumerated collection of objects in which repetitions are allowed and order matters. Like a set, it contains members (also called ''elements'', or ''terms''). The number of elements (possibly infinite) is calle ...
are aimed at in the same game. The card forming the starting point of the required sequence is known as the foundation card and the sequence or family
Family (from la, familia) is a Social group, group of people related either by consanguinity (by recognized birth) or Affinity (law), affinity (by marriage or other relationship). The purpose of the family is to maintain the well-being of its ...
is said to be 'built up' on such card. In some cases foundation cards are picked out and placed in position beforehand; in others they are only laid down as they come to hand in course of play. In some instances the cards forming the sequence must be of the same suit as the foundation card; in others suit is disregarded. Some games permit the provisional formation of auxiliary sequences (descending or ascending), i.e. groups of cards in succession but not yet ripe to be played to the families or sequences on the foundation cards. A second object of many patiences is merely to 'pair' cards. The cards thus paired are thrown aside and, if the player is able, under the limitations of the particular game, to throw out all the cards in this way, the game is won. A third object is to throw out or dispose of any two cards which together form a particular number, say eleven or thirteen–the player's success, as before, depending on being able to get rid of all the cards in this manner.[Hoffmann, Professor (1892), pp. 1–6.]
It will be obvious that the endeavour to arrange, pair, or combine the cards of a whole pack is a difficult task, varying in degree according to the rules of the particular game. The player must therefore be prepared for a good many failures even when close to success. Hence why the name 'patience games' has been give to recreations of this description.[
]
A
; alternating colour, alternative color
: Placing red
Red is the color at the long wavelength end of the visible spectrum of light, next to orange and opposite violet. It has a dominant wavelength of approximately 625–740 nanometres. It is a primary color in the RGB color model and a secondar ...
on black
Black is a color which results from the absence or complete absorption of visible light. It is an achromatic color, without hue, like white and grey. It is often used symbolically or figuratively to represent darkness. Black and white have o ...
cards or black on red cards alternately.[Parlett (1979), pp. 24–32.]
; available
: A card that is available may be picked up and laid down elsewhere.[
; available cards
: Those that are not blocked or ]covered
Cover or covers may refer to:
Packaging
* Another name for a lid
* Cover (philately), generic term for envelope or package
* Album cover, the front of the packaging
* Book cover or magazine cover
** Book design
** Back cover copy, part of co ...
by other cards, ''i.e.'', not forbidden by the particular rules of each game, to be used.[Cadogan (1874), p. xi.][
; auxiliary sequence
: A pile of cards that is ]packed
Data structure alignment is the way data is arranged and accessed in computer memory. It consists of three separate but related issues: data alignment, data structure padding, and packing.
The CPU in modern computer hardware performs reads and ...
on a depot
Depot ( or ) may refer to:
Places
* Depot, Poland, a village
* Depot Island, Kemp Land, Antarctica
* Depot Island, Victoria Land, Antarctica
* Depot Island Formation, Greenland
Brands and enterprises
* Maxwell Street Depot, a restaurant in ...
within the tableau
Tableau (French for 'little table' literally, also used to mean 'picture'; tableaux or, rarely, tableaus) may refer to:
Arts
* ''Tableau'', a series of four paintings by Piet Mondrian titled ''Tableau I'' through to ''Tableau IV''
* ''Tableau viv ...
in readiness for being built in the reverse order on the foundations
Foundation may refer to:
* Foundation (nonprofit), a type of charitable organization
** Foundation (United States law), a type of charitable organization in the U.S.
** Private foundation, a charitable organization that, while serving a good cause ...
when the time is right.
B
; base, base card
: See foundation card.[Jackson (2001), pp. 7 ff.]
; below
: A card is below another if it is nearer to the bottom of the playing board
Board or Boards may refer to:
Flat surface
* Lumber, or other rigid material, milled or sawn flat
** Plank (wood)
** Cutting board
** Sounding board, of a musical instrument
* Cardboard (paper product)
* Paperboard
* Fiberboard
** Hardboard, a ty ...
or to the player.[ See also ]beneath
Beneath may refer to:
* ''Beneath'' (2007 film), directed by Dagen Merrill
* ''Beneath'' (2013 film), a thriller film by Larry Fessenden
*''Beneath'', a 2013 film directed by Ben Ketai
* ''Beneath'' (Amoral album), 2011
*Beneath (Infant Island alb ...
.
; beneath
: A card is beneath another if it is covered
Cover or covers may refer to:
Packaging
* Another name for a lid
* Cover (philately), generic term for envelope or package
* Album cover, the front of the packaging
* Book cover or magazine cover
** Book design
** Back cover copy, part of co ...
or overlapped by it.[ See also ]below
Below may refer to:
*Earth
*Ground (disambiguation)
*Soil
*Floor
*Bottom (disambiguation)
Bottom may refer to:
Anatomy and sex
* Bottom (BDSM), the partner in a BDSM who takes the passive, receiving, or obedient role, to that of the top or ...
.
; black (suits)
: The suits of Clubs
Club may refer to:
Arts, entertainment, and media
* ''Club'' (magazine)
* Club, a ''Yie Ar Kung-Fu'' character
* Clubs (suit), a suit of playing cards
* Club music
* "Club", by Kelsea Ballerini from the album ''kelsea''
Brands and enterprises
...
and Spades
SPAdes (St. Petersburg genome assembler) is a genome assembly algorithm which was designed for single cell and multi-cells bacterial data sets. Therefore, it might not be suitable for large genomes projects.
SPAdes works with Ion Torrent, PacBio ...
.
; blocked
: The situation when no more legal moves can be made. In some instances the game is automatically lost; in others a grace
Grace may refer to:
Places United States
* Grace, Idaho, a city
* Grace (CTA station), Chicago Transit Authority's Howard Line, Illinois
* Little Goose Creek (Kentucky), location of Grace post office
* Grace, Carroll County, Missouri, an uninco ...
may be used to unblock the game.[ Also chockered.
; build
: To place one card on the top of the other in sequence, or otherwise, according to the rules.][ To place cards in their final location, in stacks or cascades according to the rules.][Barry (2010), p. 11.]
; build down
: To place cards one on top of another in descending sequence
Games of patience, or (card) solitaires as they are usually called in North America, have their own 'language' of specialised terms such as "building down", "packing", "foundations", "talon" and "tableau". Once learnt they are helpful in de ...
. Cards may be 'built downward', e.g. from King to Ace.[Barry (2010), p. 11.]
; build up
: To place cards one on top of another in ascending sequence
Games of patience (game), patience, or (card) solitaires as they are usually called in North America, have their own 'language' of specialised terms such as #building down, "building down", #packing, "packing", #foundations, "foundations", #talon, ...
. Cards may be 'built upward', e.g. from Ace to King.[Barry (2010), p. 11.]
; buried
: See covered
Cover or covers may refer to:
Packaging
* Another name for a lid
* Cover (philately), generic term for envelope or package
* Album cover, the front of the packaging
* Book cover or magazine cover
** Book design
** Back cover copy, part of co ...
.
C
; cascade
: Cards are built on one another, starting from the bottom up. Each card's value and suit is face up, and should be able to be viewed by the player. However, only the top card is available for play. It is most commonly found in addition games.
; cells
: In computer games, such as freeCell, cells allow only one card at a time to be placed in them. Any card can be put in a cell. Same as space
Space is the boundless three-dimensional extent in which objects and events have relative position and direction. In classical physics, physical space is often conceived in three linear dimensions, although modern physicists usually consider ...
and formerly known as a depot
Depot ( or ) may refer to:
Places
* Depot, Poland, a village
* Depot Island, Kemp Land, Antarctica
* Depot Island, Victoria Land, Antarctica
* Depot Island Formation, Greenland
Brands and enterprises
* Maxwell Street Depot, a restaurant in ...
.
; chockered
: See blocked.
; closed
: A game of incomplete information in which cards that cannot be played are discarded to a wastepile.[ See also ]open
Open or OPEN may refer to:
Music
* Open (band), Australian pop/rock band
* The Open (band), English indie rock band
* ''Open'' (Blues Image album), 1969
* ''Open'' (Gotthard album), 1999
* ''Open'' (Cowboy Junkies album), 2001
* ''Open'' (YF ...
and half-open.
; color, colour
: In French-suited packs
French-suited playing cards or French-suited cards are cards that use the French suits of (clovers or clubs ), (tiles or diamonds ), (hearts ), and (pikes or spades ). Each suit contains three or four face/court cards. I ...
there are two 'colours': red
Red is the color at the long wavelength end of the visible spectrum of light, next to orange and opposite violet. It has a dominant wavelength of approximately 625–740 nanometres. It is a primary color in the RGB color model and a secondar ...
, i.e. the suits of Hearts and Diamonds
Diamond is a solid form of the element carbon with its atoms arranged in a crystal structure called diamond cubic. Another solid form of carbon known as graphite is the chemically stable form of carbon at room temperature and pressure, b ...
, and black
Black is a color which results from the absence or complete absorption of visible light. It is an achromatic color, without hue, like white and grey. It is often used symbolically or figuratively to represent darkness. Black and white have o ...
, i.e. the suits of Clubs
Club may refer to:
Arts, entertainment, and media
* ''Club'' (magazine)
* Club, a ''Yie Ar Kung-Fu'' character
* Clubs (suit), a suit of playing cards
* Club music
* "Club", by Kelsea Ballerini from the album ''kelsea''
Brands and enterprises
...
and Spades
SPAdes (St. Petersburg genome assembler) is a genome assembly algorithm which was designed for single cell and multi-cells bacterial data sets. Therefore, it might not be suitable for large genomes projects.
SPAdes works with Ion Torrent, PacBio ...
.
; column
: A line of cards extending towards the player and usually spread, i.e. overlapping so that all are identifiable, but only the topmost
Topmost was a Finnish rock band founded in 1964, becoming the most popular band in Finland in 1967.''Iskelma'' magazine 1968, ''Stump'' magazine 1967 Its members were Heimo "Holle" Holopainen (bass guitar, background vocals), Kristian "Kisu" Je ...
card is exposed
Expose, exposé, or exposed may refer to:
News sources
* Exposé (journalism), a form of investigative journalism
* ''The Exposé'', a British conspiracist website
Film and TV Film
* ''Exposé'' (film), a 1976 thriller film
* ''Exposed'' (1932 ...
and therefore available
In reliability engineering, the term availability has the following meanings:
* The degree to which a system, subsystem or equipment is in a specified operable and committable state at the start of a mission, when the mission is called for at ...
.[
; come out, out
: A game is 'out' or said to 'come out' when the player achieves its objective.][ See also ]get out
''Get Out'' is a 2017 American psychological horror film written, co-produced, and directed by Jordan Peele in his directorial debut. It stars Daniel Kaluuya, Allison Williams, Lil Rel Howery, LaKeith Stanfield, Bradley Whitford, Caleb Landr ...
.
; court card
: Picture card. The picture cards or face cards, being dressed in costume, were originally called coat cards. They are the King, Queen and Knave or Jack.[
; covered
: A card is covered when another card lies wholly or partially over it. It is not normally ]available
In reliability engineering, the term availability has the following meanings:
* The degree to which a system, subsystem or equipment is in a specified operable and committable state at the start of a mission, when the mission is called for at ...
. Also buried.[
; crown
: A ]suite
Suite may refer to:
Arts and entertainment
*Suite (music), a set of musical pieces considered as one composition
** Suite (Bach), a list of suites composed by J. S. Bach
** Suite (Cassadó), a mid-1920s composition by Gaspar Cassadó
** ''Suite' ...
or family
Family (from la, familia) is a Social group, group of people related either by consanguinity (by recognized birth) or Affinity (law), affinity (by marriage or other relationship). The purpose of the family is to maintain the well-being of its ...
is 'crowned' when the last card, often the King, is played to it.[
]
D
; deal
: To take cards from the top of the pack and lay them on the tableau
Tableau (French for 'little table' literally, also used to mean 'picture'; tableaux or, rarely, tableaus) may refer to:
Arts
* ''Tableau'', a series of four paintings by Piet Mondrian titled ''Tableau I'' through to ''Tableau IV''
* ''Tableau viv ...
, face up unless the rules state otherwise.[
; denomination
: See ]value
Value or values may refer to:
Ethics and social
* Value (ethics) wherein said concept may be construed as treating actions themselves as abstract objects, associating value to them
** Values (Western philosophy) expands the notion of value beyo ...
.
; depot, depôt
: Position in the layout comprising a pile of cards, one card or a space waiting for a card.[ A depository to which cards not playable direct to foundations may be placed.][
; discard
: To place a card on the wastepile instead of playing it to the ]tableau
Tableau (French for 'little table' literally, also used to mean 'picture'; tableaux or, rarely, tableaus) may refer to:
Arts
* ''Tableau'', a series of four paintings by Piet Mondrian titled ''Tableau I'' through to ''Tableau IV''
* ''Tableau viv ...
.[
; discard pile
: See wastepile.
; down-card, downcard
: A card lying face down.][
]
E
; exposed
: A card is exposed when it is not covered
Cover or covers may refer to:
Packaging
* Another name for a lid
* Cover (philately), generic term for envelope or package
* Album cover, the front of the packaging
* Book cover or magazine cover
** Book design
** Back cover copy, part of co ...
or overlapped by another. Exposed cards are usually available
In reliability engineering, the term availability has the following meanings:
* The degree to which a system, subsystem or equipment is in a specified operable and committable state at the start of a mission, when the mission is called for at ...
.[
]
F
; face
: To turn a down-card face up.[
; face down
: A card is face down when its picture or pip side is hidden.][
; face up
: A card is face up when its picture or pip side is uppermost.][
; family, families
: Cards built in ]sequence
In mathematics, a sequence is an enumerated collection of objects in which repetitions are allowed and order matters. Like a set, it contains members (also called ''elements'', or ''terms''). The number of elements (possibly infinite) is calle ...
upon the foundation cards.[
; fan
: A few cards, usually three, laid in an overlapping, crescent-shaped row such that only one is ]exposed
Expose, exposé, or exposed may refer to:
News sources
* Exposé (journalism), a form of investigative journalism
* ''The Exposé'', a British conspiracist website
Film and TV Film
* ''Exposé'' (film), a 1976 thriller film
* ''Exposed'' (1932 ...
and available
In reliability engineering, the term availability has the following meanings:
* The degree to which a system, subsystem or equipment is in a specified operable and committable state at the start of a mission, when the mission is called for at ...
.[
; fanned
: When the cards in the pile are overlapping, but part of each card can be seen. The fan is usually crescent-shaped and three in number.][
; foundation, foundation pile
: A pile of cards, typically squared and face-up, and built on the bottom card which is the foundation card. As the ]tableau
Tableau (French for 'little table' literally, also used to mean 'picture'; tableaux or, rarely, tableaus) may refer to:
Arts
* ''Tableau'', a series of four paintings by Piet Mondrian titled ''Tableau I'' through to ''Tableau IV''
* ''Tableau viv ...
is cleared, cards are moved to the foundations.
; foundation card
: A card on which the Patience is formed. Foundations cards are generally Kings and Aces.[Dick (1884), pp. 7–8.] Also base or base card.
; foundation row
: A row of foundation cards or the spaces Spaces may refer to:
* Google Spaces (app), a cross-platform application for group messaging and sharing
* Windows Live Spaces, the next generation of MSN Spaces
* Spaces (software), a virtual desktop manager implemented in Mac OS X Leopard
* Spac ...
for them.[
]
G
; gap
: See space
Space is the boundless three-dimensional extent in which objects and events have relative position and direction. In classical physics, physical space is often conceived in three linear dimensions, although modern physicists usually consider ...
.
; get out
: To win a patience game; to succeed in achieving the aim of the game.[ See also ]come out
Coming out of the closet, often shortened to coming out, is a metaphor used to describe LGBT people's self-disclosure of their sexual orientation, romantic orientation, or gender identity.
Framed and debated as a privacy issue, coming out of ...
.
; grace
: A special move that might otherwise be illegal.[Arnold (2011), pp. 159–160.][ See also merci.
; grace card
: A card which may be used as a ]grace
Grace may refer to:
Places United States
* Grace, Idaho, a city
* Grace (CTA station), Chicago Transit Authority's Howard Line, Illinois
* Little Goose Creek (Kentucky), location of Grace post office
* Grace, Carroll County, Missouri, an uninco ...
.
H
; half-open
: A game which starts off closed
Closed may refer to:
Mathematics
* Closure (mathematics), a set, along with operations, for which applying those operations on members always results in a member of the set
* Closed set, a set which contains all its limit points
* Closed interval, ...
, i.e. with incomplete information because not all cards are visible on the table, and which becomes open
Open or OPEN may refer to:
Music
* Open (band), Australian pop/rock band
* The Open (band), English indie rock band
* ''Open'' (Blues Image album), 1969
* ''Open'' (Gotthard album), 1999
* ''Open'' (Cowboy Junkies album), 2001
* ''Open'' (YF ...
as play proceeds. Thus it is a combination of chance and skill.[ See also ]closed
Closed may refer to:
Mathematics
* Closure (mathematics), a set, along with operations, for which applying those operations on members always results in a member of the set
* Closed set, a set which contains all its limit points
* Closed interval, ...
and open
Open or OPEN may refer to:
Music
* Open (band), Australian pop/rock band
* The Open (band), English indie rock band
* ''Open'' (Blues Image album), 1969
* ''Open'' (Gotthard album), 1999
* ''Open'' (Cowboy Junkies album), 2001
* ''Open'' (YF ...
.
; heel
: Cards set aside for later in the game.[
; honors, honours
: The Aces together with the court cards.][
]
L
; lane
: An empty line of spaces in the tableau
Tableau (French for 'little table' literally, also used to mean 'picture'; tableaux or, rarely, tableaus) may refer to:
Arts
* ''Tableau'', a series of four paintings by Piet Mondrian titled ''Tableau I'' through to ''Tableau IV''
* ''Tableau viv ...
, which has been formed by the removal of an entire row of cards.[
]
; layout
: The arrangement of cards dealt
''Dealt'' is a 2017 American documentary film directed by Luke Korem. The film is about the life and career of Richard Turner - who is renowned as one of the world's greatest card magicians, yet he is completely blind.
In the documentary, Richar ...
to the table at the start of the game. Parlett carefully distinguishes it from the tableau
Tableau (French for 'little table' literally, also used to mean 'picture'; tableaux or, rarely, tableaus) may refer to:
Arts
* ''Tableau'', a series of four paintings by Piet Mondrian titled ''Tableau I'' through to ''Tableau IV''
* ''Tableau viv ...
.[
]
M
; marriage
: The placing a card ''of the same suit'' on the next one above or below it in value. Any number may be placed on each other in this way.[
; master card
: See foundation card.
; merci
: A rule that allows the play of a card in certain circumstances in contravention of the normal rules of the patience concerned.][Tarbart (1905), pp. 1–4.] Similar to grace
Grace may refer to:
Places United States
* Grace, Idaho, a city
* Grace (CTA station), Chicago Transit Authority's Howard Line, Illinois
* Little Goose Creek (Kentucky), location of Grace post office
* Grace, Carroll County, Missouri, an uninco ...
.
; multiples
: Cards are placed in multiples when the sequence
In mathematics, a sequence is an enumerated collection of objects in which repetitions are allowed and order matters. Like a set, it contains members (also called ''elements'', or ''terms''). The number of elements (possibly infinite) is calle ...
is a multiple of a number other than one e.g. where cards may only be placed on the card two, three, or four; higher or lower. In multiples, a Jack counts as eleven, a Queen twelve, and a King thirteen. Wrapping
Wrapping may refer to:
*Buddy wrapping, the act of bandaging a damaged (particularly a fractured) finger or toe together with a healthy one
*Overwrap, a wrapping of items in a package of a wrapping over packaging
*Wrapping (graphics), the process ...
is often applied, i.e. if building up by two is required, then the sequence 10 - Queen - Ace - 3 - 5 is permitted.
O
; open
: A game in which play begins with all cards face up on the table. Like chess, an open game is purely a game of skill.[ See also ]closed
Closed may refer to:
Mathematics
* Closure (mathematics), a set, along with operations, for which applying those operations on members always results in a member of the set
* Closed set, a set which contains all its limit points
* Closed interval, ...
and half-open.
; overlap, overlapping
: A column
A column or pillar in architecture and structural engineering is a structural element that transmits, through compression, the weight of the structure above to other structural elements below. In other words, a column is a compression member. ...
of cards is overlapping when each succeeding card partly covers the preceding one such that it can be identified.[
]
P
; pack
# To pack is to place cards in sequence
In mathematics, a sequence is an enumerated collection of objects in which repetitions are allowed and order matters. Like a set, it contains members (also called ''elements'', or ''terms''). The number of elements (possibly infinite) is calle ...
in an intermediate location, usually the tableau
Tableau (French for 'little table' literally, also used to mean 'picture'; tableaux or, rarely, tableaus) may refer to:
Arts
* ''Tableau'', a series of four paintings by Piet Mondrian titled ''Tableau I'' through to ''Tableau IV''
* ''Tableau viv ...
, until they can be placed on the foundations
Foundation may refer to:
* Foundation (nonprofit), a type of charitable organization
** Foundation (United States law), a type of charitable organization in the U.S.
** Private foundation, a charitable organization that, while serving a good cause ...
.[
# A pack (also deck) is the set of cards in hand which are being dealt][ at the outset of the game. Normally 52 cards or a multiple thereof. However some patiences are played with a ]Piquet pack
Piquet (; ) is an early 16th-century plain-trick card game for two players that became France's national game. David Parlett calls it a "classic game of relatively great antiquity... still one of the most skill-rewarding card games for two" but ...
or Euchre pack of 32 cards.[
; packet
: A squared up pile of cards dealt at the start of a game. Sometimes dealt such that the top card is face up and ]available
In reliability engineering, the term availability has the following meanings:
* The degree to which a system, subsystem or equipment is in a specified operable and committable state at the start of a mission, when the mission is called for at ...
while the ones beneath
Beneath may refer to:
* ''Beneath'' (2007 film), directed by Dagen Merrill
* ''Beneath'' (2013 film), a thriller film by Larry Fessenden
*''Beneath'', a 2013 film directed by Ben Ketai
* ''Beneath'' (Amoral album), 2011
*Beneath (Infant Island alb ...
are face down Face Down may refer to:
Music
* Face Down (band), a Swedish post-thrash/death metal band
* Facedown Records, a Christian record label based in California
Albums
* ''Face Down'' (album), a 1999 album by Serial Joe
* ''Facedown (album)'', a 2004 al ...
.[
; pair
: Two cards of the same rank.][
; patience
: The name of a type of card game, usually for one player, in Britain and many other countries.][
; pile
: A stack of cards one on top of the other and ]squared
A square is a regular quadrilateral with four equal sides and four right angles.
Square or Squares may also refer to:
Mathematics and science
*Square (algebra), multiplying a number or expression by itself
*Square (cipher), a cryptographic block ...
such that only the topmost card
Games of patience, or (card) solitaires as they are usually called in North America, have their own 'language' of specialised terms such as "building down", "packing", "foundations", "talon" and "tableau". Once learnt they are helpful in des ...
, whether face up or face down Face Down may refer to:
Music
* Face Down (band), a Swedish post-thrash/death metal band
* Facedown Records, a Christian record label based in California
Albums
* ''Face Down'' (album), a 1999 album by Serial Joe
* ''Facedown (album)'', a 2004 al ...
is visible.[
; pips
: The spots on the cards; that is, the figures of clubs, diamonds, etc.][Cheney (1869), pp. 113 ff.]
; play (a card, cards)
: To place (a card) on the foundations
Foundation may refer to:
* Foundation (nonprofit), a type of charitable organization
** Foundation (United States law), a type of charitable organization in the U.S.
** Private foundation, a charitable organization that, while serving a good cause ...
in contradistinction to placing them elsewhere.[ To take up and use it in the game for ]building
A building, or edifice, is an enclosed structure with a roof and walls standing more or less permanently in one place, such as a house or factory (although there's also portable buildings). Buildings come in a variety of sizes, shapes, and fun ...
, packing or filling a space
Space is the boundless three-dimensional extent in which objects and events have relative position and direction. In classical physics, physical space is often conceived in three linear dimensions, although modern physicists usually consider ...
as opposed to discarding it to a wastepile.[
]
R
; rank
: The value
Value or values may refer to:
Ethics and social
* Value (ethics) wherein said concept may be construed as treating actions themselves as abstract objects, associating value to them
** Values (Western philosophy) expands the notion of value beyo ...
or denomination of a card.[
; red (suits)
: The suits of Hearts and ]Diamonds
Diamond is a solid form of the element carbon with its atoms arranged in a crystal structure called diamond cubic. Another solid form of carbon known as graphite is the chemically stable form of carbon at room temperature and pressure, b ...
.
; redeal, re-deal
# When the stock
In finance, stock (also capital stock) consists of all the shares by which ownership of a corporation or company is divided.Longman Business English Dictionary: "stock - ''especially AmE'' one of the shares into which ownership of a company ...
is empty, to take the wastepile, turn it over, and use it to reform the stock. Sometimes it must be shuffled
Shuffling is a procedure used to randomize a deck of playing cards to provide an element of chance in card games. Shuffling is often followed by a cut, to help ensure that the shuffler has not manipulated the outcome.
__TOC__
Techniques
Overha ...
.
# A second or follow-on deal.
; released cards
: Those that, by the removal of the cards that blocked them, have now become available
In reliability engineering, the term availability has the following meanings:
* The degree to which a system, subsystem or equipment is in a specified operable and committable state at the start of a mission, when the mission is called for at ...
.[
; reserve
:Cards ]available
In reliability engineering, the term availability has the following meanings:
* The degree to which a system, subsystem or equipment is in a specified operable and committable state at the start of a mission, when the mission is called for at ...
for play that are not part of the foundations
Foundation may refer to:
* Foundation (nonprofit), a type of charitable organization
** Foundation (United States law), a type of charitable organization in the U.S.
** Private foundation, a charitable organization that, while serving a good cause ...
, talon
Talon or talons may refer to:
Science and technology
* Talon (anatomy), the claw of a bird of prey
* Brodifacoum, a rodenticide, also known as the brand Talon
* TALON (database), a database maintained by the US Air Force
* Talon, an anti-vehicle- ...
, tableau
Tableau (French for 'little table' literally, also used to mean 'picture'; tableaux or, rarely, tableaus) may refer to:
Arts
* ''Tableau'', a series of four paintings by Piet Mondrian titled ''Tableau I'' through to ''Tableau IV''
* ''Tableau viv ...
or discard piles.[
; reversing
: In two- pack patiences, when it is allowed to ]build
Build may refer to:
* Engineering something
* Construction
* Physical body stature, especially muscle size; usually of the human body
* Build (game engine), a 1995 first-person shooter engine
* "Build" (song), a 1987 song by The Housemartins
* ...
sequences simultaneously, ascending on Ace foundations
Foundation may refer to:
* Foundation (nonprofit), a type of charitable organization
** Foundation (United States law), a type of charitable organization in the U.S.
** Private foundation, a charitable organization that, while serving a good cause ...
and descending on King foundations, so that when the tops cards of two foundations are in sequence (e.g. a Six and a Seven), cards may be transferred from one to the other.[
; row
: A line of cards placed side by side. May or may not be overlapped.][
; rubbish heap, rubbish-heap
: See wastepile.
]
S
; sequence, ascending sequence, descending sequence
: A cascade
Cascade, Cascades or Cascading may refer to:
Science and technology Science
*Cascade waterfalls, or series of waterfalls
* Cascade, the CRISPR-associated complex for antiviral defense (a protein complex)
* Cascade (grape), a type of fruit
* Bioc ...
, pile or row of cards in order of rank. Often the aim is to form a full sequence in each suit
A suit, lounge suit, or business suit is a set of clothes comprising a suit jacket and trousers of identical textiles worn with a collared dress shirt, necktie, and dress shoes. A skirt suit is similar, but with a matching skirt instead of tr ...
, typically from Ace
An ace is a playing card, Dice, die or domino with a single Pip (counting), pip. In the standard French deck, an ace has a single suit (cards), suit symbol (a heart, diamond, spade, or club) located in the middle of the card, sometimes large a ...
(low) to King
King is the title given to a male monarch in a variety of contexts. The female equivalent is queen, which title is also given to the consort of a king.
*In the context of prehistory, antiquity and contemporary indigenous peoples, the tit ...
(high). The regular succession of cards ascending from Ace to King or descending from King to Ace; a sequence need not be of one suit.[
; shuttling
: A feature in some games whereby placing a card under an existing pile releases the top card which must be now played next. See, e.g. Travellers and its variants.
; singleton
: A single care of any ]suit
A suit, lounge suit, or business suit is a set of clothes comprising a suit jacket and trousers of identical textiles worn with a collared dress shirt, necktie, and dress shoes. A skirt suit is similar, but with a matching skirt instead of tr ...
.[
; solitaire
: North American name for games of patience.][
; space
: A gap in the ]tableau
Tableau (French for 'little table' literally, also used to mean 'picture'; tableaux or, rarely, tableaus) may refer to:
Arts
* ''Tableau'', a series of four paintings by Piet Mondrian titled ''Tableau I'' through to ''Tableau IV''
* ''Tableau viv ...
due to the removal of a singleton card or a pile of cards. Same as vacancy.[ A gap or vacancy in the layout into which cards may be played or from which cards have been removed.][Parodi (2004), pp. 9 ff.] An empty depot
Depot ( or ) may refer to:
Places
* Depot, Poland, a village
* Depot Island, Kemp Land, Antarctica
* Depot Island, Victoria Land, Antarctica
* Depot Island Formation, Greenland
Brands and enterprises
* Maxwell Street Depot, a restaurant in ...
. Also gap or vacancy.
; spots
: See pips.
; spread
: To overlap cards in a row or column
A column or pillar in architecture and structural engineering is a structural element that transmits, through compression, the weight of the structure above to other structural elements below. In other words, a column is a compression member. ...
such that each card can be made out, but only the topmost card
Games of patience, or (card) solitaires as they are usually called in North America, have their own 'language' of specialised terms such as "building down", "packing", "foundations", "talon" and "tableau". Once learnt they are helpful in des ...
is exposed
Expose, exposé, or exposed may refer to:
News sources
* Exposé (journalism), a form of investigative journalism
* ''The Exposé'', a British conspiracist website
Film and TV Film
* ''Exposé'' (film), a 1976 thriller film
* ''Exposed'' (1932 ...
and therefore available
In reliability engineering, the term availability has the following meanings:
* The degree to which a system, subsystem or equipment is in a specified operable and committable state at the start of a mission, when the mission is called for at ...
.[
; squared
: When the cards in the pile are directly on top of one another.
; ]stock
In finance, stock (also capital stock) consists of all the shares by which ownership of a corporation or company is divided.Longman Business English Dictionary: "stock - ''especially AmE'' one of the shares into which ownership of a company ...
: See talon
Talon or talons may refer to:
Science and technology
* Talon (anatomy), the claw of a bird of prey
* Brodifacoum, a rodenticide, also known as the brand Talon
* TALON (database), a database maintained by the US Air Force
* Talon, an anti-vehicle- ...
.
; suit
A suit, lounge suit, or business suit is a set of clothes comprising a suit jacket and trousers of identical textiles worn with a collared dress shirt, necktie, and dress shoes. A skirt suit is similar, but with a matching skirt instead of tr ...
: One of the four families of cards in a pack all sharing the same symbol e.g. Clubs
Club may refer to:
Arts, entertainment, and media
* ''Club'' (magazine)
* Club, a ''Yie Ar Kung-Fu'' character
* Clubs (suit), a suit of playing cards
* Club music
* "Club", by Kelsea Ballerini from the album ''kelsea''
Brands and enterprises
...
, Spades
SPAdes (St. Petersburg genome assembler) is a genome assembly algorithm which was designed for single cell and multi-cells bacterial data sets. Therefore, it might not be suitable for large genomes projects.
SPAdes works with Ion Torrent, PacBio ...
, Hearts and Diamonds
Diamond is a solid form of the element carbon with its atoms arranged in a crystal structure called diamond cubic. Another solid form of carbon known as graphite is the chemically stable form of carbon at room temperature and pressure, b ...
or Acorns, Leaves
A leaf (plural, : leaves) is any of the principal appendages of a vascular plant plant stem, stem, usually borne laterally aboveground and specialized for photosynthesis. Leaves are collectively called foliage, as in "autumn foliage", wh ...
, Hearts and Bells.[
; suite
: A pile of cards that has been built in ]sequence
In mathematics, a sequence is an enumerated collection of objects in which repetitions are allowed and order matters. Like a set, it contains members (also called ''elements'', or ''terms''). The number of elements (possibly infinite) is calle ...
on a foundation card. Same as foundation pile. An Ace-suite is one based
Brandon Christopher McCartney (born August 17, 1989), professionally known as Lil B and as his alter ego The BasedGod, is an American rapper. Lil B has recorded both solo and with Bay Area group The Pack. His solo work spans several genres, i ...
on an Ace, etc.[ A full sequence of 13 cards of one suit.][
; suitable cards
: Those whose value and suit fit them to be played or placed in the tableaux.][
]
T
; tableau
: An arrangement of cards on the table, typically comprising several depots i.e. places where columns of overlapping cards may be formed, the packing taking place on the available
In reliability engineering, the term availability has the following meanings:
* The degree to which a system, subsystem or equipment is in a specified operable and committable state at the start of a mission, when the mission is called for at ...
cards on the columns. It is thus distinct from a layout, reserve
Reserve or reserves may refer to:
Places
* Reserve, Kansas, a US city
* Reserve, Louisiana, a census-designated place in St. John the Baptist Parish
* Reserve, Montana, a census-designated place in Sheridan County
* Reserve, New Mexico, a US vi ...
, talon
Talon or talons may refer to:
Science and technology
* Talon (anatomy), the claw of a bird of prey
* Brodifacoum, a rodenticide, also known as the brand Talon
* TALON (database), a database maintained by the US Air Force
* Talon, an anti-vehicle- ...
or wastepile.[ The main part of the layout on the table.][ Sometimes equated, confusingly, to layout.
; ]talon
Talon or talons may refer to:
Science and technology
* Talon (anatomy), the claw of a bird of prey
* Brodifacoum, a rodenticide, also known as the brand Talon
* TALON (database), a database maintained by the US Air Force
* Talon, an anti-vehicle- ...
: The remaining stack of cards, typically squared and face-down, that is left after the layout has been populated. These cards can be turned over into the waste
Waste (or wastes) are unwanted or unusable materials. Waste is any substance discarded after primary use, or is worthless, defective and of no use. A by-product, by contrast is a joint product of relatively minor economic value. A waste prod ...
, usually one-by-one, but sometimes in groups of two or three (depending on rules), whenever the player wishes. Also stock
In finance, stock (also capital stock) consists of all the shares by which ownership of a corporation or company is divided.Longman Business English Dictionary: "stock - ''especially AmE'' one of the shares into which ownership of a company ...
. Sometimes equated, confusingly, to waste pile.[
; top card, topmost card
: See ]uppermost card
Games of patience, or (card) solitaires as they are usually called in North America, have their own 'language' of specialised terms such as "building down", "packing", "foundations", "talon" and "tableau". Once learnt they are helpful in des ...
.
; turn the corner, turning the corner
: In building
A building, or edifice, is an enclosed structure with a roof and walls standing more or less permanently in one place, such as a house or factory (although there's also portable buildings). Buildings come in a variety of sizes, shapes, and fun ...
or packing to continue the sequence
In mathematics, a sequence is an enumerated collection of objects in which repetitions are allowed and order matters. Like a set, it contains members (also called ''elements'', or ''terms''). The number of elements (possibly infinite) is calle ...
after ascending to the King or descending to the Ace e.g. to run J Q K A 2 3.
U
; up-card, upcard
: A card lying face up, usually at the top of a pile.[ See also down-card.
; uppermost card
: The ]exposed
Expose, exposé, or exposed may refer to:
News sources
* Exposé (journalism), a form of investigative journalism
* ''The Exposé'', a British conspiracist website
Film and TV Film
* ''Exposé'' (film), a 1976 thriller film
* ''Exposed'' (1932 ...
card on the top, or surface of a packet.[ Also top or topmost card.
]
V
; vacancy
: See space
Space is the boundless three-dimensional extent in which objects and events have relative position and direction. In classical physics, physical space is often conceived in three linear dimensions, although modern physicists usually consider ...
.[
; value
: The figures of the court cards and the number of points, pips or spots of the minor cards.][
]
W
; waste (heap)
: See wastepile.
; wastepile, waste pile
: A stack or pile of cards, usually from the stock
In finance, stock (also capital stock) consists of all the shares by which ownership of a corporation or company is divided.Longman Business English Dictionary: "stock - ''especially AmE'' one of the shares into which ownership of a company ...
or talon
Talon or talons may refer to:
Science and technology
* Talon (anatomy), the claw of a bird of prey
* Brodifacoum, a rodenticide, also known as the brand Talon
* TALON (database), a database maintained by the US Air Force
* Talon, an anti-vehicle- ...
, that is formed when they are turned up but cannot be played immediately. The pile is usually squared
A square is a regular quadrilateral with four equal sides and four right angles.
Square or Squares may also refer to:
Mathematics and science
*Square (algebra), multiplying a number or expression by itself
*Square (cipher), a cryptographic block ...
and face-up and only the topmost card is available
In reliability engineering, the term availability has the following meanings:
* The degree to which a system, subsystem or equipment is in a specified operable and committable state at the start of a mission, when the mission is called for at ...
. Also rubbish heap, waste heap or discard pile.
; wing
: The left or right half of the tableau
Tableau (French for 'little table' literally, also used to mean 'picture'; tableaux or, rarely, tableaus) may refer to:
Arts
* ''Tableau'', a series of four paintings by Piet Mondrian titled ''Tableau I'' through to ''Tableau IV''
* ''Tableau viv ...
when it is divided in two by a clear space.[
; worrying back
: Putting a card already built on a foundation back onto one of the depots in the ]tableau
Tableau (French for 'little table' literally, also used to mean 'picture'; tableaux or, rarely, tableaus) may refer to:
Arts
* ''Tableau'', a series of four paintings by Piet Mondrian titled ''Tableau I'' through to ''Tableau IV''
* ''Tableau viv ...
.[ Not allowed in many patiences. First introduced in Emperor Patience in 1890.][Whitmore Jones (1890), pp. 72–74.]
; wrapping
# Building around the corner
# Using modular arithmetic
In mathematics, modular arithmetic is a system of arithmetic for integers, where numbers "wrap around" when reaching a certain value, called the modulus. The modern approach to modular arithmetic was developed by Carl Friedrich Gauss in his book ...
to build the sequence, e.g. Queen-King-Ace-2-3, 10-Queen-Ace-3-5, 8-Jack-Ace-4-7.
See also
* Glossary of card game terms
Footnotes
References
Literature
* Arnold, Peter (2011). ''Card Games for One''. London: Chambers.
* Barry, Sheila Anne (2010). ''Great Card Games for One''. NY: Puzzlewright.
* Cadogan, Lady Adelaide
Lady Adelaide Cadogan (née Paget; 1820–1890) was a British noblewoman and prodigious author, most noted for her seminal work on Play (theatre), plays and card games. She used her title in her publications and that is how she is generally style ...
(1872). ''Illustrated Games of Patience''.
* Cheney, Ednah Dow Littlehale (1869). ''Patience: A Series of Games with Cards''. Boston: Lee & Shepard.
* Dick, William Brisbane Dick & Fitzgerald was a 19th-century United States publisher, founded by William Brisbane Dick (1827–1901) and Lawrence R. Fitzgerald (1826-1881), based in New York City. Their address at one time was 18 Ann Street. Dick and Fitzgerald was a pu ...
(1883). ''Dick's Games of Patience, Or, Solitaire with Cards.'' NY: Dick & Fitzgerald.
* Hoffmann, Professor
Professor Hoffmann (1839–1919) was the pseudonym of Angelo John Lewis, an English-born barrister and writer who has been described as "the most prolific and influential magic author and translator until modern times." ngelo Lewis(1892). ''The Illustrated Book of Patience Games''. London, NY, Glasgow and Manchester: George Routledge.
* Jackson, Robin (2001). ''Solitaire: Over 30 Challenging Solitaire Games''. NY: Barnes & Noble.
* Parlett, David (1979). ''The Penguin Book of Patience''. London: Penguin.
* Parodi, Francesca (2004). ''Big Book of Solitaire''. NY: Sterling.
* "Tarbart" (1905). ''Games of Patience'', 2nd edition. London: Thos. De La Rue.
* Whitmore Jones, Mary (1890). ''Games of Patience for One or More Players''. 2nd Series. London: L. Upcott Gill. NY: Scribner’s.
External links
Glossary of card game terms
provided by The United States Playing Card Company
The United States Playing Card Company (USPC, though also commonly known as USPCC) is a large American producer and distributor of playing cards. It was established in 1867 as Russell, Morgan & Co. and founded in its current incarnation in 1885. ...
{{DEFAULTSORT:Glossary Of Solitaire
Card game terminology
Patience