TNF receptor-associated factor 4 (TRAF4) also known as RING finger protein 83 (RNF83) is a
protein
Proteins are large biomolecules and macromolecules that comprise one or more long chains of amino acid residues. Proteins perform a vast array of functions within organisms, including catalysing metabolic reactions, DNA replication, respo ...
that in humans is encoded by the ''TRAF4''
gene
In biology, the word gene (from , ; "...Wilhelm Johannsen coined the word gene to describe the Mendelian units of heredity..." meaning ''generation'' or ''birth'' or ''gender'') can have several different meanings. The Mendelian gene is a ba ...
.
TRAF4 is a member of the TNF receptor associated factor (TRAF) family, a family of
scaffold protein
In biology, scaffold proteins are crucial regulators of many key signalling pathways. Although scaffolds are not strictly defined in function, they are known to interact and/or bind with multiple members of a signalling pathway, tethering them in ...
s.
TRAF proteins connect
IL-1R
Interleukin-1 receptor (IL-1R) is a cytokine receptor which binds interleukin 1
The Interleukin-1 family (IL-1 family) is a group of 11 cytokines that plays a central role in the regulation of immune and inflammatory responses to infections ...
/Toll and
TNF receptors
Tumor necrosis factor (TNF, cachexin, or cachectin; formerly known as tumor necrosis factor alpha or TNF-α) is an adipokine and a cytokine. TNF is a member of the TNF superfamily, which consists of various transmembrane proteins with a homolog ...
with signaling factors that lead to the activation of
NF-κB
Nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) is a protein complex that controls transcription of DNA, cytokine production and cell survival. NF-κB is found in almost all animal cell types and is involved in cellular ...
and
mitogen-activated protein kinase
A mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK or MAP kinase) is a type of protein kinase that is specific to the amino acids serine and threonine (i.e., a serine/threonine-specific protein kinase). MAPKs are involved in directing cellular responses to ...
s. However, TRAF4 is not known to interact with TNF receptors and its cellular functions are not well understood.
Protein interactions
TRAF4 has been shown to interact with
neurotrophin receptor,
p75 (NTR/NTSR1),
and negatively regulate NTR induced cell death and NF-kappa B activation. This protein has been found to bind to
p47phox
Neutrophil cytosol factor 1, also known as p47phox, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''NCF1'' gene.
Function
The protein encoded by this gene is a 47 kDa cytosolic subunit of neutrophil NADPH oxidase. This oxidase is a multicompone ...
, a cytosolic regulatory factor included in a multi-protein complex known as
NAD(P)H oxidase. This protein thus, is thought to be involved in the oxidative activation of
MAPK8/JNK. Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been observed but the full-length nature of only one has been determined.
A recent report indicates that TRAF4 binds to NOD-Like Receptors NOD1 and NOD2, and specifically inhibits activation of
NF-κB
Nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) is a protein complex that controls transcription of DNA, cytokine production and cell survival. NF-κB is found in almost all animal cell types and is involved in cellular ...
by the activated NOD2-RIP2 complex
References
Further reading
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