Thomas Power O'Connor (5 October 1848 – 18 November 1929), known as T. P. O'Connor and occasionally as Tay Pay (mimicking his own pronunciation of the initials ''T. P.''), was an
Irish nationalist
Irish nationalism is a nationalist political movement which, in its broadest sense, asserts that the people of Ireland should govern Ireland as a sovereign state. Since the mid-19th century, Irish nationalism has largely taken the form of c ...
politician
A politician is a person active in party politics, or a person holding or seeking an elected office in government. Politicians propose, support, reject and create laws that govern the land and by an extension of its people. Broadly speaking ...
and journalist who served as a Member of Parliament (MP) in the
House of Commons
The House of Commons is the name for the elected lower house of the bicameral parliaments of the United Kingdom and Canada. In both of these countries, the Commons holds much more legislative power than the nominally upper house of parliament. T ...
of the
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland
The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland was a sovereign state in the British Isles that existed between 1801 and 1922, when it included all of Ireland. It was established by the Acts of Union 1800, which merged the Kingdom of Grea ...
for nearly fifty years.
Early life and education
O'Connor was born in
Athlone,
[Dennis Griffiths (ed.) ''The Encyclopedia of the British Press, 1422–1992'', London & Basingstoke: Macmillan, 1992, pp.445–46] County Westmeath, on 5 October 1848. He was the eldest son of Thomas O'Connor, an Athlone shopkeeper, and his wife Teresa (née Power), the daughter of a non-commissioned officer in the
Connaught Rangers
The Connaught Rangers ("The Devil's Own") was an Irish line infantry regiment of the British Army formed by the amalgamation of the 88th Regiment of Foot (Connaught Rangers) (which formed the ''1st Battalion'') and the 94th Regiment of Foot (wh ...
. He was educated at the
College of the Immaculate Conception in Athlone, and
Queen's College Galway, where he won scholarships in history and modern languages and built up a reputation as an orator, serving as auditor of the college's
Literary and Debating Society.
Career
O'Connor entered journalism as a junior reporter on ''Saunders' Newsletter'', a
Dublin
Dublin (; , or ) is the capital and largest city of Ireland. On a bay at the mouth of the River Liffey, it is in the province of Leinster, bordered on the south by the Dublin Mountains, a part of the Wicklow Mountains range. At the 2016 c ...
journal, in 1867. In 1870, he moved to London, and was appointed a sub-editor on ''
The Daily Telegraph
''The Daily Telegraph'', known online and elsewhere as ''The Telegraph'', is a national British daily broadsheet newspaper published in London by Telegraph Media Group and distributed across the United Kingdom and internationally.
It was f ...
'', principally on account of the utility of his mastery of French and German in reportage of the
Franco-Prussian War.
He later became London correspondent for ''
The New York Herald
The ''New York Herald'' was a large-distribution newspaper based in New York City that existed between 1835 and 1924. At that point it was acquired by its smaller rival the ''New-York Tribune'' to form the '' New York Herald Tribune''.
His ...
''. He compiled the society magazine ''Mainly About People'' (M.A.P.) from 1898 to 1911.
O'Connor was elected Member of Parliament for
Galway Borough in the
1880 general election, as a representative of the
Home Rule League
The Home Rule League (1873–1882), sometimes called the Home Rule Party, was an Irish political party which campaigned for home rule for Ireland within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, until it was replaced by the Irish Parliam ...
(which was under the leadership of
William Shaw, though virtually led by
Charles Stewart Parnell
Charles Stewart Parnell (27 June 1846 – 6 October 1891) was an Irish nationalist politician who served as a Member of Parliament (MP) from 1875 to 1891, also acting as Leader of the Home Rule League from 1880 to 1882 and then Leader of the ...
, who would win the party's leadership a short time later). At the next
general election in 1885, he was returned both for Galway and for the
Liverpool Scotland constituencies, which had a large Irish population. He chose to sit for Liverpool, and represented that constituency in the
House of Commons
The House of Commons is the name for the elected lower house of the bicameral parliaments of the United Kingdom and Canada. In both of these countries, the Commons holds much more legislative power than the nominally upper house of parliament. T ...
from 1885 until his death in 1929. He remains the only British MP from an Irish nationalist party ever to be elected to a constituency outside of the island of Ireland. O'Connor continued to be re-elected in Liverpool under this label unopposed in the
1918,
1922
Events
January
* January 7 – Dáil Éireann, the parliament of the Irish Republic, ratifies the Anglo-Irish Treaty by 64–57 votes.
* January 10 – Arthur Griffith is elected President of Dáil Éireann, the day after Éamon de Valera ...
,
1923
Events
January–February
* January 9 – Lithuania begins the Klaipėda Revolt to annex the Klaipėda Region (Memel Territory).
* January 11 – Despite strong British protests, troops from France and Belgium occupy the Ruhr area, t ...
,
1924
Events
January
* January 12 – Gopinath Saha shoots Ernest Day, whom he has mistaken for Sir Charles Tegart, the police commissioner of Calcutta, and is arrested soon after.
* January 20– 30 – Kuomintang in China holds ...
and
1929
This year marked the end of a period known in American history as the Roaring Twenties after the Wall Street Crash of 1929 ushered in a worldwide Great Depression. In the Americas, an agreement was brokered to end the Cristero War, a Catholic ...
general elections, despite the declaration of a ''de facto''
Irish Republic
The Irish Republic ( ga, Poblacht na hÉireann or ) was an unrecognised revolutionary state that declared its independence from the United Kingdom in January 1919. The Republic claimed jurisdiction over the whole island of Ireland, but by ...
in early 1919, and the establishment by
1921 treaty of a quasi-independent
Irish Free State
The Irish Free State ( ga, Saorstát Éireann, , ; 6 December 192229 December 1937) was a state established in December 1922 under the Anglo-Irish Treaty of December 1921. The treaty ended the three-year Irish War of Independence between ...
in late 1922.
![T](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/89/T._P._O%27Connor_in_1917.jpg)
From 1905 he belonged to the central leadership of the
United Irish League
The United Irish League (UIL) was a nationalist political party in Ireland, launched 23 January 1898 with the motto ''"The Land for the People"''. Its objective to be achieved through agrarian agitation and land reform, compelling larger grazi ...
. During much of his time in parliament, he wrote a nightly sketch of proceedings there for the ''
Pall Mall Gazette
''The Pall Mall Gazette'' was an evening newspaper founded in London on 7 February 1865 by George Murray Smith; its first editor was Frederick Greenwood. In 1921, '' The Globe'' merged into ''The Pall Mall Gazette'', which itself was absorbed in ...
''. He became "
Father of the House of Commons
Father of the House is a title that has been traditionally bestowed, unofficially, on certain members of some legislatures, most notably the House of Commons in the United Kingdom. In some legislatures the title refers to the longest continuously- ...
", with unbroken service of 49 years 215 days. The Irish
Nationalist Party ceased to exist effectively after the
Sinn Féin
Sinn Féin ( , ; en, " eOurselves") is an Irish republican and democratic socialist political party active throughout both the Republic of Ireland and Northern Ireland.
The original Sinn Féin organisation was founded in 1905 by Arthur G ...
landslide of 1918, and thereafter O'Connor effectively sat as an independent. On 13 April 1920, O'Connor warned the House of Commons that the death on hunger strike of
Thomas Ashe
Thomas may refer to:
People
* List of people with given name Thomas
* Thomas (name)
* Thomas (surname)
* Saint Thomas (disambiguation)
* Thomas Aquinas (1225–1274) Italian Dominican friar, philosopher, and Doctor of the Church
* Thomas the Ap ...
would galvanise opinion in Ireland and unite all Irishmen in opposition to British rule.
Newspapers and journals
T. P. O'Connor founded and was the first editor of several newspapers and journals:
The Star (1888)
''The Star'' was a London evening newspaper founded in 1888. It ceased publication in 1960 when it was merged with the ''Evening News'', as part of the same takeover that saw the ''News Chronicle'' absorbed into the '' Daily Mail''. For some y ...
, the ''Weekly Sun'' (1891), ''
The Sun'' (1893), ''M.A.P. and T.P.'s Weekly'' (1902). In August 1906, O'Connor was instrumental in the passing by
Parliament
In modern politics, and history, a parliament is a legislative body of government. Generally, a modern parliament has three functions: representing the electorate, making laws, and overseeing the government via hearings and inquiries. Th ...
of The Copyright Law for Music Act 1906, also known as the T.P. O'Connor Bill, following many of the popular music writers at the time dying in poverty due to extensive piracy by gangs during the piracy crisis of sheet music in the early 20th century. The gangs would often buy a copy of the music at full price, copy it, and resell it, often at half the price of the original. The film ''
I'll Be Your Sweetheart'' (1945), commissioned by the British
Ministry of Information, is based on the events of the day.
![T P O'Connor 1](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/db/T_P_O%27Connor_1.JPG)
He was appointed as the second president of the
Board of Film Censors
Board or Boards may refer to:
Flat surface
* Lumber, or other rigid material, milled or sawn flat
** Plank (wood)
** Cutting board
** Sounding board, of a musical instrument
* Cardboard (paper product)
* Paperboard
* Fiberboard
** Hardboard, ...
in 1916 and appeared in front of the Cinema Commission of Inquiry (1916), set up by the National Council of Public Morals where he outlined the BBFC's position on protecting public morals by listing forty-three infractions, from the BBFC 1913–1915 reports, on why scenes in a film may be cut.
[BBFC]
1912–1949: The Early Years at the BBFC: 1916 – T. P. O’CONNOR
Retrieved 14 May 2020 He was appointed to the
Privy Council by the first
Labour
Labour or labor may refer to:
* Childbirth, the delivery of a baby
* Labour (human activity), or work
** Manual labour, physical work
** Wage labour, a socioeconomic relationship between a worker and an employer
** Organized labour and the labour ...
government in 1924. He was also a Fellow of the
Chartered Institute of Journalists
The Chartered Institute of Journalists is a professional association for journalists and is the senior such body in the UK and the oldest in the world.
History
The ''Chartered Institute of Journalists'' was proposed during a meeting in Manches ...
, the world's oldest journalists' organisation. It continues to honour him by having a T.P. O'Connor charity fund.
Publications
* ''Lord Beaconsfield – A Biography'' (1879);
* ''The Parnell Movement'' (1886);
* ''Gladstone's House of Commons''; ''Napoleon; The Phantom Millions'';
* ''Memoirs of an Old Parliamentarian'' (1929).
Personal life
In 1885, O'Connor married Elizabeth Paschal, a daughter of a judge of the
Supreme Court of Texas.
Death
He died in London on 18 November 1929 and is buried at
St Mary's Catholic Cemetery, Kensal Green
St Mary's Catholic Cemetery is located on Harrow Road, Kensal Green in London, England. It has its own Catholic chapel.
History
Established in 1858, the site was built next door to Kensal Green Cemetery. It is the final resting place for mo ...
in north-west London. He was the last Father of the House to die as a sitting MP until
Sir Gerald Kaufman
Sir Gerald Bernard Kaufman (21 June 1930 – 26 February 2017) was a British politician and author who served as a minister throughout the Labour government of 1974 to 1979. Elected as a member of parliament (MP) at the 1970 general election, ...
in 2017.
References
Bibliography
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External links
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Oconnor, T. P.
1848 births
1929 deaths
Alumni of the University of Galway
Anti-Parnellite MPs
Burials at St Mary's Catholic Cemetery, Kensal Green
Home Rule League MPs
Irish newspaper editors
Irish non-fiction writers
Irish Parliamentary Party MPs
Members of the Parliament of the United Kingdom for County Galway constituencies (1801–1922)
Members of the Parliament of the United Kingdom for Liverpool constituencies
Members of the Privy Council of the United Kingdom
Nationalist Party (Ireland) politicians
People educated at Summerhill College
People from Athlone
Politicians from County Galway
Politicians from County Westmeath
UK MPs 1880–1885
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