Toll interacting protein, also known as TOLLIP, is an inhibitory
adaptor protein that in humans is encoded by the ''TOLLIP''
gene
In biology, the word gene (from , ; "...Wilhelm Johannsen coined the word gene to describe the Mendelian units of heredity..." meaning ''generation'' or ''birth'' or ''gender'') can have several different meanings. The Mendelian gene is a ba ...
.
Function and regulation
It is an inhibitory adaptor protein within
Toll-like receptor
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are a class of proteins that play a key role in the innate immune system. They are Bitopic protein, single-pass membrane-spanning Receptor (biochemistry), receptors usually expressed on sentinel cells such as macrophage ...
s (TLR).
The TLR pathway is a part of the
innate immune system
The innate, or nonspecific, immune system is one of the two main immunity strategies (the other being the adaptive immune system) in vertebrates. The innate immune system is an older evolutionary defense strategy, relatively speaking, and is the ...
that recognizes structurally conserved molecular patterns of microbial pathogens, leading to an inflammatory immune response.
Tollip interacts with cellular and subcellular membrane compartments such as endosome and lysosome through its C2 domain binding with phosphoinositides.
By coordinating organelle communications , Tollip can contribute to the fusion of endo-lysosome and autophagosome. Mice with Tollip deletion exhibit elevated risks for inflammatory diseases such as atherosclerosis and neurodegeneration.
Clinical significance
Polymorphisms in TLR genes have been implicated in various diseases like
atopic dermatitis
Atopic dermatitis (AD), also known as atopic eczema, is a long-term type of inflammation of the skin (dermatitis). It results in puritis, itchy, red, swollen, and cracked skin. Clear fluid may come from the affected areas, which often thickens o ...
.
Recently, variations in the TOLLIP gene have been associated with tuberculosis and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.
Interactions
TOLLIP has been shown to
interact
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with
TOM1
Target of Myb protein 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''TOM1'' gene.
The specific function of this gene has not yet been determined, yet it may involve the translocation of growth factor receptor complexes to the lysosome for degra ...
,
TLR 2
Toll-like receptor 2 also known as TLR2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''TLR2'' gene. TLR2 has also been designated as CD282 (cluster of differentiation 282). TLR2 is one of the toll-like receptors and plays a role in the immune sys ...
,
TLR 4
Toll-like receptor 4 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''TLR4'' gene. TLR4 is a transmembrane protein, member of the toll-like receptor family, which belongs to the pattern recognition receptor (PRR) family. Its activation leads to an ...
[ and ]IL1RAP
Interleukin-1 receptor accessory protein is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''IL1RAP'' gene.
Interleukin 1 induces synthesis of acute phase and proinflammatory proteins during infection, tissue damage, or stress, by forming a complex a ...
.
References
Further reading
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