Thymidine kinase 1, soluble (gene name TK1), is a human
thymidine kinase.
Two forms of this protein have been identified in animal cells, one in cytosol and one in
mitochondria
A mitochondrion (; ) is an organelle found in the Cell (biology), cells of most Eukaryotes, such as animals, plants and Fungus, fungi. Mitochondria have a double lipid bilayer, membrane structure and use aerobic respiration to generate adenosi ...
. Activity of the cytosolic enzyme is high in proliferating cells and peaks during the
S-phase of the
cell cycle
The cell cycle, or cell-division cycle, is the series of events that take place in a cell that cause it to divide into two daughter cells. These events include the duplication of its DNA (DNA replication) and some of its organelles, and subs ...
; it is very low in resting cells.
Interactions
Thymidine kinase 1 has been shown to
interact
Advocates for Informed Choice, dba interACT or interACT Advocates for Intersex Youth, is a 501(c)(3) nonprofit organization using innovative strategies to advocate for the legal and human rights of children with intersex traits. The organizati ...
with
P21
p21Cip1 (alternatively p21Waf1), also known as cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1 or CDK-interacting protein 1, is a cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor (CKI) that is capable of inhibiting all cyclin/CDK complexes, though is primarily associated ...
.
Interactive pathway map
Thymidine Kinase 1 in Cancer
Elevations in serum TK-1 have been found to correlate with the return of breast and other forms of cancer
TK-1 can be used to detect cancer earlier, determine what stage it is in, and detect recurrence. Thymidine Kinase 1 can be measured based on its enzyme activity
or using immunoassay.
References
Further reading
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