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Tele2 AB is a Swedish
telecommunications operator A telephone company, also known as a telco, telephone service provider, or telecommunications operator, is a kind of communications service provider (CSP), more precisely a telecommunications service provider (TSP), that provides telecommunica ...
headquartered in the Kista Science City, Stockholm, Sweden. It is a major telephone operator in
Sweden Sweden, formally the Kingdom of Sweden,The United Nations Group of Experts on Geographical Names states that the country's formal name is the Kingdom of SwedenUNGEGN World Geographical Names, Sweden./ref> is a Nordic country located on ...
,
Russia Russia (, , ), or the Russian Federation, is a List of transcontinental countries, transcontinental country spanning Eastern Europe and North Asia, Northern Asia. It is the List of countries and dependencies by area, largest country in the ...
,
Estonia Estonia, formally the Republic of Estonia, is a country by the Baltic Sea in Northern Europe. It is bordered to the north by the Gulf of Finland across from Finland, to the west by the sea across from Sweden, to the south by Latvia, a ...
,
Latvia Latvia ( or ; lv, Latvija ; ltg, Latveja; liv, Leţmō), officially the Republic of Latvia ( lv, Latvijas Republika, links=no, ltg, Latvejas Republika, links=no, liv, Leţmō Vabāmō, links=no), is a country in the Baltic region of ...
and
Lithuania Lithuania (; lt, Lietuva ), officially the Republic of Lithuania ( lt, Lietuvos Respublika, links=no ), is a country in the Baltic region of Europe. It is one of three Baltic states and lies on the eastern shore of the Baltic Sea. Lithuania ...
. Tele2 also has a 25% share in T-Mobile Netherlands. As of 7 September 2021, Tele2 and Deutsche Telekom have opted to rid themselves of T-Mobile Netherlands in a sale for an enterprise value of €5.1 billion. Tele2 started as a telecommunications company in Sweden in 1993 by the company
Investment AB Kinnevik Kinnevik AB () is a Swedish investment company that was founded in 1936 by the Stenbeck, Klingspor and von Horn families. Kinnevik is an active and long-term owner investing primarily in digital consumer businesses. Current CEO, Georgi Ganev, w ...
. It previously operated in many other markets but the company has since divested its licences, sold to other operators or to management buy-outs in those markets.


History

In 1981, a mobile phone provider called ''Comvik'' started as an alternative mobile phone operator to Televerket (today known as
Telia Company Telia Company AB is a Swedish multinational telecommunications company and mobile network operator present in Sweden, Finland, Norway, Denmark, Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania. Telia also owns TV4 Media which includes TV4 in Sweden, MTV Oy in F ...
). The cable television provider ''Kabelvision AB'' started in 1986. Comvik changed its name to become
Comviq Comviq (originally Comvik) is since 2009 a Swedish prepaid and postpaid mobile phone flanker brand, fully owned by Tele2. The original Comvik operation is the predecessor to two listed companies: Tele2 and Millicom. Comvik The original Comvi ...
when the company got a
GSM The Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) is a standard developed by the European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI) to describe the protocols for second-generation ( 2G) digital cellular networks used by mobile devices such ...
license in 1988 and started operating in 1992. In 1991, Sweden's first commercial ISP was started with the Swedish IP Network (Swipnet ( sv), AS1257) by Investment AB Kinnevik, later renamed as ''Tele2'', and in 1993 with telephone liberalisation in Sweden, Tele2 started to offer international calls. The three companies of Comviq, Kabelvision, and Tele2 came together as the ''Tele2'' brand on fixed-line services and ''Comviq'' on mobile services in Sweden in 1997. The Swipnet branding was phased out in 2014. International growth came in the form of acquisitions in Estonia,Lithuania, Latvia, Russia and France. In November 2018, Tele2 was merged with telecom operator Com Hem, which delivers, among other things, TV, broadband and telephony. In March 2019, it was stated that millions of mobile answers (voicemail) could be intercepted by others. At the beginning of 2020, the streaming service Comhem Play+ was launched available to those who are not a customer at Com Hem. The same week, the new digital operator Penny was also launched.


Divestments

Tele2's most recent development has been to realign its geographic footprint towards
Eastern Europe Eastern Europe is a subregion of the Europe, European continent. As a largely ambiguous term, it has a wide range of geopolitical, geographical, ethnic, cultural, and socio-economic connotations. The vast majority of the region is covered by Russ ...
and the
Nordic region The Nordic countries (also known as the Nordics or ''Norden''; lit. 'the North') are a geographical and cultural region in Northern Europe and the North Atlantic. It includes the sovereign states of Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway and Swed ...
focusing on own infrastructure based operations which provide higher growth options and possibly better margins for the future. One area of notable success has been the growth of the mobile Internet broadband connectivity. Tele2 has achieved the most success in Russian market, with a customer base increasing by the hundreds of thousands yearly. In 2007 the company sold its holdings in Belgium to Dutch operator
KPN KPN (in full Koninklijke KPN N.V., also Royal KPN N.V.) is a Dutch landline and mobile telecommunications company. KPN originated from a government-run postal, telegraph and telephone service and is based in Rotterdam, Netherlands. History Un ...
, in France to
SFR SFR (; ''Société française du radiotéléphone'', ) is a French telecommunications company. As of December 2015, it had 21.9 million customers in Metropolitan France for mobile services, and provided 6.35 million households with high-spee ...
and activities in Spain and Italy to
Vodafone Italy Vodafone Italia S.p.A. (formerly Vodafone Omnitel N.V.) is an Italian telephone company, subsidiary of Vodafone Group Plc. It has 30,153,000 mobile phone customers and 3,182,000 fixed phone lines, with respectively a market share of 28.5% and ...
, in Portugal to
Clix Clix, CLIX, etc. may refer to: Technology * Clix (ISP), a Portuguese triple play brand * CLiX (markup), a formal XML schema validation language and method of using valid XML for overlapping markup * Clix (miniatures), a system of miniatures games p ...
and in Switzerland to TDC Sunrise. In March 2008 Tele2 divested its Austrian
MVNO A mobile virtual network operator (MVNO) is a wireless communications services provider that does not own the wireless network infrastructure over which it provides services to its customers. An MVNO enters into a business agreement with a mobile ...
operations to
Telekom Austria A1 Telekom Austria Group is a provider of a range of fixed-line, broadband Internet, multimedia services, data, and IT systems, wholesale as well as mobile payment services. It is a subsidiary of Mexican telecommunications conglomerate América M ...
, although retaining its fixed line and internet services until the latter two services were sold to Hutchison 3 in 2017. In June 2008 Tele2 sold its Liechtenstein and Luxembourg holdings to Belgian operator
Belgacom The Proximus Group is a provider of digital services and communication in Belgium and the international markets. In Belgium, its main products and services are offered under the Proximus, Scarlet, and Mobile Vikings brands. The Group is also ac ...
. The same month Tele2 sold its Polish operations to Netia. Tele2 also tried to sell its German unit in 2007, although no sale took place. In 2005 they sold their UK & Ireland fixed operations to
Carphone Warehouse The Carphone Warehouse Limited was a mobile phone retailer based in London, United Kingdom. In August 2014 the company became a subsidiary of Currys plc (previously named "Dixons Carphone"), which was formed by the merger of its former parent Ca ...
for £8.7m. They also pulled out of the Finnish market stating problems with the competitive and regulatory environment after the Finnish government had previously cancelled their 3G licence, due to not completing a network in time.


Operations


Austria

Tele2 operates in Austria since 1999, starting as an alternative fixed-line telephone operator. ADSL internet services were introduced in 2003. One Year later, Tele2 Austria bought UTA Telekom AG, a former competitor, and became the largest provider for alternative telecommunication service in Austria. In addition to fixed-line services, Tele2 Austria is using their infrastructure for carrier services. In the first quarter of 2013, Tele2 Austria had an
EBITDA A company's earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation, and amortization (commonly abbreviated EBITDA, pronounced , , or ) is a measure of a company's profitability of the operating business only, thus before any effects of indebtedness, stat ...
of 38,2 million
euro The euro ( symbol: €; code: EUR) is the official currency of 19 out of the member states of the European Union (EU). This group of states is known as the eurozone or, officially, the euro area, and includes about 340 million citizens . ...
s, a rise of 6 percent. In a brief press statement on 11 November 2014, the Sweden-based telecoms group has confirmed that it plans to re-enter the Austrian mobile sector in the second half of 2015. In summer 2017 (28.7.2017) Tele2 Austria was bought by Hutchison Drei Austria, the third largest mobile operator in Austria.


Croatia

In Croatia, Tele2 operates a 3G network at 42.2 Mbit/s, same as competitors but at a much wider area, nearly every area covered in standard 3G has access to this 3.75G technology. It also operates a 4G network at up to 150 Mbit/s. , it has 885,542 customers. Revenue for 2015 is 83.72 million euros. On 1 February 2016 Tele2 Croatia started its 4G LTE network. It covers every major city and its surroundings, as well as many rural areas. According to Tele2 Croatia, their 4G network covers 90% of Croatia's population, while their 3G network covers 99% of Croatia's population. In April 2017 Tele2 became the first and as of July 2017 the only mobile operator to offer unlimited flat-rate broadband access without throttling (for voice customers) and partial throttling (for mobile broadband users). In July 2019 it was sold for 220 million
euro The euro ( symbol: €; code: EUR) is the official currency of 19 out of the member states of the European Union (EU). This group of states is known as the eurozone or, officially, the euro area, and includes about 340 million citizens . ...
s to
United Group United Group is an alternative telecom provider in Southeast Europe that operates both telecommunications platforms and mass media outlets. History United Group was formed in 2007, as a Luxembourg-registered multinational entity, in a merger o ...
.


Estonia

Tele2 is operating an HSPA-enabled 3G network in the 900 MHz and 2100 MHz bands as well as a 2G GSM network in the 900 MHz and 1800 MHz bands. Tele2 commercially launched its 4G LTE network in the 1800 MHz and 2.6 GHz bands in November 2012. The 800 MHz LTE band was added in May 2014 and 2100 MHz in July 2015. Tele2 claimed an LTE population coverage of 90% in September 2015. In early 2012, Tele2 acquired Televõrgu AS which operated a CDMA2000 1xEV-DO Rev. A network in the 450 MHz band under the 'Kõu' brand name. This network was shut down in January 2016.


France

Tele2 used to operate as 2G MVNO in France use Orange network for coverage and joined to Virgin Mobile in 2009. They also used to operate alternative fixed line & internet services which they sold to Vivendi unit SFR for €350 million in 2006.


Germany

In Germany, Tele2 provides fixed broadband via ADSL as well as fixed telephony. In July 2013, Tele2 launched mobile voice plans on the
E-Plus E-Plus was a mobile telecommunications operator in Germany. With more than 25 million subscribers, E-Plus was the third largest mobile operator in Germany, until the takeover from Telefónica Germany in October, 2014. Ownership E-Plus was ...
(now
O2 Germany O, or o, is the fifteenth letter and the fourth vowel letter in the Latin alphabet, used in the modern English alphabet, the alphabets of other western European languages and others worldwide. Its name in English is ''o'' (pronounced ), pl ...
) network. In December 2020 the unit was sold by a
Management buyout A management buyout (MBO) is a form of acquisition in which a company's existing managers acquire a large part, or all, of the company, whether from a parent company or individual. Management-, and/or leveraged buyout became noted phenomena of 1 ...
with the
Trademark A trademark (also written trade mark or trade-mark) is a type of intellectual property consisting of a recognizable sign, design, or expression that identifies products or services from a particular source and distinguishes them from others ...
''Tele2'' for Germany.


Kazakhstan

51% of Mobile Telecom-Service LLP was purchased by Tele2 in early 2010 to serve as a base for the company's mobile services in Kazakhstan. Tele2 has an option to buy the remaining 49% of Mobile Telecom-Service LLP within 5 years after the contract was closed. Tele2 is the smallest of three mobile operators in Kazakhstan with about 4.3 million customers. In December 2018 Tele2 was announced to be closed, leaving Beeline to be the only government-independent carrier.


Latvia

Tele2 operates as one of the largest nationwide 2G/3G/4G MNO(Mobile Network Operator) in Latvia. Tele2 Shared Service Centre is also located in Latvia.


Lithuania

Tele2 operates a nationwide GSM 2G/3G/4G network in Lithuania. Tele2 Lithuania is the only
telecommunications Telecommunication is the transmission of information by various types of technologies over wire, radio, optical, or other electromagnetic systems. It has its origin in the desire of humans for communication over a distance greater than that fe ...
operator across Europe and Americas to rocket from the last position to the market leader. Today Tele2 ensure that all its customers can use high quality 4G network coverage across 99% of Lithuania and was named the Most
Transparent Transparency, transparence or transparent most often refer to: * Transparency (optics), the physical property of allowing the transmission of light through a material They may also refer to: Literal uses * Transparency (photography), a still, ...
Company in Lithuania according to "
Transparency International Transparency International e.V. (TI) is a German registered association founded in 1993 by former employees of the World Bank. Based in Berlin, its nonprofit and non-governmental purpose is to take action to combat global corruption with civil ...
Lithuania". Tele2 Lithuania
CEO A chief executive officer (CEO), also known as a central executive officer (CEO), chief administrator officer (CAO) or just chief executive (CE), is one of a number of corporate executives charged with the management of an organization especially ...
Petras Masiulis was awarded the CEO of the Year 2017 Lithuania.


Netherlands

Tele2 operates as a 2G, 3G and 4G
MVNO A mobile virtual network operator (MVNO) is a wireless communications services provider that does not own the wireless network infrastructure over which it provides services to its customers. An MVNO enters into a business agreement with a mobile ...
on the mobile network of T-Mobile NL and in the fourth quarter of 2015 launched the world's first 4G-only MNO in the Netherlands with nearly 850,000 customers in addition to fixed network triple play services, serving over one million customers in total. Tele2 purchased Versatel in the Netherlands in mid-2005 which allowed it to move away from carrier select services via KPN and onto own infrastructure. The new ''Tele2 Netherlands'' offer a full suite of triple play services. On 15 July 2010, Tele2 demonstrated the first LTE network in the Netherlands on the frequencies (2600 MHz) it was awarded licenses for earlier the same year. In late 2010, Tele2 Netherlands acquired BBned from
Telecom Italia Gruppo TIM, legally TIM S.p.A. (formerly Telecom Italia S.p.A.), also known as the TIM Group in English, is an Italian telecommunications company with headquarters in Rome, Milan, and Naples, (with the Telecom Italia Tower) which provides fixe ...
. The telecom regulator in the Netherlands, Agentschap Telecom, held a multiband auction which concluded on 14 December 2012. Tele2 was awarded 2x10MHz in the 800 MHz band which together with its previous 2.6 GHz license will enable Tele2 to cost efficiently build a high capacity LTE network with national coverage. Tele2 paid €161M for its licenses which can be considered low, compared to the €1.3bn that KPN and Vodafone paid each for their frequencies and the €900M that T-Mobile will have to pay for theirs. The considerably lower price was a result of spectrum reservation set by the government for a new mobile entrant, with favourable acquisition, Tele2 will enable lower prices for customers and increase competition on the Dutch market. €3.8bn was raised in the auction, which is unprecedented for a country with a population of a mere 16 million. In 2015, the organisation launched a new mobile network. The scheme cost approximately $187 million and had been in development since 2014. In 2019, Tele2 Netherlands merged with
T-Mobile Netherlands T-Mobile Netherlands BV is the largest mobile phone company in the Netherlands. It was owned by Deutsche Telekom before being sold to WP/AP Telecom Holdings IV B.V., a joint venture between Warburg Pincus and Apax Partners. It still licences the T ...
. As part of the purchase, Tele2 AB acquired a 25% share in T-Mobile Netherlands.


Norway

Tele2 Norway consists of the brands Tele2, OneCall, MyCall and Network Norway. On 7 July 2014, it was announced that Tele2 would be acquired by
Telia Company Telia Company AB is a Swedish multinational telecommunications company and mobile network operator present in Sweden, Finland, Norway, Denmark, Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania. Telia also owns TV4 Media which includes TV4 in Sweden, MTV Oy in F ...
. On 5 February 2015, the deal was approved by Norwegian competition authorities.


Russia

Tele2 started the operations in the Russian Federation by acquiring 12 regional mobile operators from its sister company
Millicom Millicom International Cellular SA (NASDAQ U.S.: TIGO, NASDAQ Stockholm: TIGO_SDB) is a Luxembourgish fixed line and mobile telecommunications services provider dedicated to emerging markets in Latin America operating under the Tigo brand. As of D ...
in 2001. This has been expanded to a current 43 regions and with a customer base of over 44 million subscribers, Russia is Tele2's largest market by customer base. On 28 March 2013 Tele2 announced that they would sell their Russian operations to the bank
VTB VTB Bank (; formerly known as ''Vneshtorgbank'', , lit. 'International Trade Bank') is a Russian majority state-owned bank headquartered in various federal districts of Russia; its legal address is registered in St. Petersburg; as of 2022 ...
for US$2.4 billion plus $1.15 billion in net debt.


Sweden

Sweden is where Tele2 originated and it remains one of its strongest markets serving over 4 million customers. When the
Swedish Post and Telecom Authority The Swedish Post and Telecom Authority ( sv, Post- och telestyrelsen, abbreviated PTS) is a government authority under the Ministry of Infrastructure (Sweden) and is managed by a board of directors appointed by the Swedish government. The Director- ...
awarded four licenses for the 3G
UMTS The Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) is a third generation mobile cellular system for networks based on the GSM standard. Developed and maintained by the 3GPP (3rd Generation Partnership Project), UMTS is a component of the Inte ...
mobile networks in December 2001, Tele2 was among the winners. Notably Telia, the former telephony incumbent in Sweden, did not receive a license and so an agreement was established to build a 3G network
shared Shared may refer to: * Sharing * Shared ancestry or Common descent * Shared care * Shared-cost service * Shared decision-making in medicine * Shared delusion (disambiguation), Shared delusion, various meanings * Shared government * Shared intellig ...
by Tele2 and Telia using Tele2's license. SUNAB builds, owns and operates that 3G network. A similar company,
Net4Mobility Net4Mobility is a joint venture between Telenor Sweden and Tele2 Sweden. The company’s main goal is to build, own and operate a GSM (2G), LTE (4G) and 5G NR Network and Transmission Network in Sweden. The mobile network covers 99 percent of the ...
, was formed in 2009 between Tele2 and
Telenor Sverige Telenor Sverige (previously Vodafone Sweden, Europolitan and Nordic Tel), is a mobile phone, IPTV and Internet service provider in Sweden, owned by Telenor. Telenor Sverige's network covers 99 percent of the country's population, with telecom ...
for the purpose of building a joint
4G LTE In telecommunications, long-term evolution (LTE) is a standard for wireless broadband communication for mobile devices and data terminals, based on the GSM/EDGE and UMTS/HSPA standards. It improves on those standards' capacity and speed by us ...
network. Unlike 3G, both said companies were awarded frequency licenses and so it is likely that this network will outperform other Swedish operators networks simply because there are more available frequencies for the customers. The 4G product was officially launched on 15 November 2010 and currently (as of May 2012) covers over 90
municipalities A municipality is usually a single administrative division having corporate status and powers of self-government or jurisdiction as granted by national and regional laws to which it is subordinate. The term ''municipality'' may also mean the go ...
. "National" coverage, able to serve 99% of the population in Sweden, has an expected completion date at the end of 2012. As the equipment used by Net4Mobility can serve both LTE and 2G, the new network built primarily for LTE will also replace the aging 2G networks of Tele2 and Telenor, providing lower cost through shared infrastructure. In addition, it enables
EDGE Edge or EDGE may refer to: Technology Computing * Edge computing, a network load-balancing system * Edge device, an entry point to a computer network * Adobe Edge, a graphical development application * Microsoft Edge, a web browser developed by ...
, a service previously not available via Tele2. On 24 May 2020, Tele2 became the first mobile network operator in Sweden to commercially launch a 5G NR network, initially in the Stockholm area and from 24 June 2020 was also extended to Gothenburg and Malmö.


United Kingdom

In a
Court of Appeal A court of appeals, also called a court of appeal, appellate court, appeal court, court of second instance or second instance court, is any court of law that is empowered to hear an appeal of a trial court or other lower tribunal. In much of t ...
case with a judgment published on 21 January 2009, companies in the Tele2 group were successful in a claim for damages against Post Office Ltd. for wrongful termination of a
contract A contract is a legally enforceable agreement between two or more parties that creates, defines, and governs mutual rights and obligations between them. A contract typically involves the transfer of goods, services, money, or a promise to tran ...
concerning the sale and promotion of
telephone card A telephone card, calling card or phonecard for short, is a credit card-size plastic or paper card, used to pay for telephone services (often international or long-distance calling). It is not necessary to have the physical card except with a st ...
s. The Post Office had grounds to terminate the contract at the start of 2004 because of the failure of the Tele2 companies to provide a
parent company A holding company is a company whose primary business is holding a controlling interest in the securities of other companies. A holding company usually does not produce goods or services itself. Its purpose is to own shares of other companies ...
document due at the end of 2003. The Post Office continued to fulfil its obligations under the contract until they sought to terminate it in December 2004, some 11 months after the breach. The Appeal Court held that the waiver clause in the contract, which stated that could not be relied upon where the party entitled to enforce the term had not merely delayed action but had positively "elected" to continue to fulfil its contractual obligations, as evidenced by its behaviour.


Criticism

During its operation in the United Kingdom and Italy, Tele2 was criticised for using the practice of
telephone slamming Telephone slamming is an illegal telecommunications practice, in which a subscriber's telephone service is changed without their consent. Slamming became a more visible issue after the deregulation of the telecommunications industry in the mid-19 ...
(changing consumer's residential phone line over to a new provider without their consent). In Italy the company was also criticised for blocking P2P traffic without warning its consumers. The company was also criticised for faking a meteorite landing in Latvia in October 2009, as a result of which the Latvian government cancelled its contract with Tele2. It is currently under investigation for competition and acquisition irregularities in Lithuania, as well as losing its case brought by its Lithuanian competitor through the competition watchdog over LTE ad speed claims. BITE, its fastest growing Lithuanian competitor won its case through the competition authority. It has also been fined and criticised by The Competition Council over misleading advertising. It has grown a reputation for aggressive market practice and has been involved in court cases and legal criticisms in several other countries, including Poland. Tele2 pulled out of the Finnish market stating problems with the competitive and regulatory environment after the Finnish government had previously cancelled their 3G licence.


See also

*
List of Swedish television channels This is a list of television channels that broadcast for a Swedish language audience. ''Channels holding a broadcasting license for the terrestrial network are marked "''(DTT)''."'' Public non-commercial networks SVT *SVT1 (News) (DTT) *SVT2 ( ...


References


External links

* {{Authority control Telecommunications companies established in 1993 Cable television companies Internet service providers of Sweden Mobile phone companies of Sweden Television in Sweden Swedish brands Stenbeck family 1993 establishments in Sweden Companies based in Stockholm Companies listed on Nasdaq Stockholm