T-cell lymphoma invasion and metastasis-inducing protein 1 is a
protein
Proteins are large biomolecules and macromolecules that comprise one or more long chains of amino acid residues. Proteins perform a vast array of functions within organisms, including catalysing metabolic reactions, DNA replication, res ...
that in humans is encoded by the ''TIAM1''
gene
In biology, the word gene (from , ; "... Wilhelm Johannsen coined the word gene to describe the Mendelian units of heredity..." meaning ''generation'' or ''birth'' or ''gender'') can have several different meanings. The Mendelian gene is a b ...
.
Structure
TIAM1 is tightly associate with
BAIAP2 as a subunit. It contains one
DH (DBL-homology) domain, one
PDZ domain
The PDZ domain is a common structural domain of 80-90 amino-acids found in the signaling proteins of bacteria, yeast, plants, viruses and animals. Proteins containing PDZ domains play a key role in anchoring receptor proteins in the membrane to ...
, two
PH domain
In chemistry, pH (), historically denoting "potential of hydrogen" (or "power of hydrogen"), is a scale used to specify the acidity or basicity of an aqueous solution. Acidic solutions (solutions with higher concentrations of ions) are ...
s and one Ras-binding
RBD domain.
Function
TIAM1 modulates the activity of
Rho GTP-binding proteins and connects extracellular signals to cytoskeletal activities. In addition, TIAM1 activates
Rac1,
CDC42, and to a lesser extent
RhoA
Transforming protein RhoA, also known as Ras homolog family member A (RhoA), is a small GTPase protein in the Rho family of GTPases that in humans is encoded by the ''RHOA'' gene. While the effects of RhoA activity are not all well known, it is ...
.
Clinical significance
TIAM1 is found in virtually all
tumor
A neoplasm () is a type of abnormal and excessive growth of tissue. The process that occurs to form or produce a neoplasm is called neoplasia. The growth of a neoplasm is uncoordinated with that of the normal surrounding tissue, and persists ...
cell lines examined including B- and T-
lymphoma
Lymphoma is a group of blood and lymph tumors that develop from lymphocytes (a type of white blood cell). In current usage the name usually refers to just the cancerous versions rather than all such tumours. Signs and symptoms may include enla ...
s,
neuroblastoma
Neuroblastoma (NB) is a type of cancer that forms in certain types of nerve tissue. It most frequently starts from one of the adrenal glands but can also develop in the neck, chest, abdomen, or spine. Symptoms may include bone pain, a lump in th ...
s,
melanomas and
carcinomas.
Interactions
T-cell lymphoma invasion and metastasis-inducing protein 1 has been shown to
interact
Advocates for Informed Choice, dba interACT or interACT Advocates for Intersex Youth, is a 501(c)(3) nonprofit organization using innovative strategies to advocate for the legal and human rights of children with intersex traits. The organizati ...
with
ANK1
Ankyrin 1, also known as ANK-1, and erythrocyte ankyrin, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''ANK1'' gene.
Tissue distribution
The protein encoded by this gene, Ankyrin 1, is the prototype of the ankyrin family, was first discovered in ...
,
Myc
''Myc'' is a family of regulator genes and proto-oncogenes that code for transcription factors. The ''Myc'' family consists of three related human genes: ''c-myc'' (MYC), ''l-myc'' ( MYCL), and ''n-myc'' (MYCN). ''c-myc'' (also sometimes refe ...
,
and
PPP1R9B
Neurabin-2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''PPP1R9B'' gene.
Spinophilin is a regulatory subunit of protein phosphatase-1 catalytic subunit (PP1; see MIM 176875) and is highly enriched in dendritic spines, specialized protrusions fr ...
.
Tiam1 interacts also with para-
cingulin
Cingulin (CGN; from the Latin ''cingere'' “to form a belt around”) is a cytosolic protein encoded by the ''CGN'' gene in humans localized at tight junctions (TJs) of vertebrate epithelial and endothelial cells.
Discovery
Cingulin was orig ...
, that plays a role in recruiting Tiam1 to junctions and thus activate Rac1 at epithelial junctions.
References
Further reading
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{{PDB Gallery, geneid=7074
Peripheral membrane proteins