Synod Of Jaca (1063)
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In 1063, at the Synod of Jaca, under the auspices of King
Ramiro I of Aragon Ramiro I (bef. 10078 May 1063) was the first King of Aragon from 1035 until his death, although he is sometimes described as a petty king. He would expand the nascent Kingdom of Aragon through his acquisition of territories, such as Sobrarbe and ...
and the presidency of the
Archbishop of Auch The Archdiocese of Auch-Condom-Lectoure-Lombez (Latin: ''Archidioecesis Auxitana-Condomiensis-Lectoriensis-Lomberiensis''; French: ''Archidiocèse d'Auch-Condom-Lectoure-Lombez''), more commonly known as the Archdiocese of Auch, is a Latin Church ...
, the ancient
diocese of Huesca The Diocese of Huesca (Latin, ''Oscensis'') is a Latin Church ecclesiastical territory or diocese of the Catholic Church located in north-eastern Spain, in the province of Huesca, part of the autonomous community of Aragón. The Diocese of Huesca ...
, whose seat was under Muslim Zaragozan control, was reestablished in the town of
Jaca Jaca (; in Aragonese: ''Chaca'' or ''Xaca'') is a city of northeastern Spain in the province of Huesca, located near the Pyrenees and the border with France. Jaca is an ancient fort on the Aragón River, situated at the crossing of two great ea ...
, which became "an instant city". Besides the archbishop of Auch, Austind, the synod was attended by other prelates of
Gascony Gascony (; french: Gascogne ; oc, Gasconha ; eu, Gaskoinia) was a province of the southwestern Kingdom of France that succeeded the Duchy of Gascony (602–1453). From the 17th century until the French Revolution (1789–1799), it was part o ...
,
Navarre Navarre (; es, Navarra ; eu, Nafarroa ), officially the Chartered Community of Navarre ( es, Comunidad Foral de Navarra, links=no ; eu, Nafarroako Foru Komunitatea, links=no ), is a foral autonomous community and province in northern Spain, ...
and Aragon. Much of Jaca's early settlers were Gascons at this time. The synod determined the boundaries of the diocese, both present and future, that is, after its ''
reconquista The ' (Spanish, Portuguese and Galician for "reconquest") is a historiographical construction describing the 781-year period in the history of the Iberian Peninsula between the Umayyad conquest of Hispania in 711 and the fall of the Nasrid ...
''. Much of the new territory was taken at the expense of the
diocese of Roda In church governance, a diocese or bishopric is the ecclesiastical district under the jurisdiction of a bishop. History In the later organization of the Roman Empire, the increasingly subdivided provinces were administratively associat ...
, whose bishop,
Raymond Raymond is a male given name. It was borrowed into English from French (older French spellings were Reimund and Raimund, whereas the modern English and French spellings are identical). It originated as the Germanic ᚱᚨᚷᛁᚾᛗᚢᚾᛞ ( ...
, later litigated over
Alquézar Alquézar ( Aragonese: ''Alquezra'') is a municipality in the province of Huesca, in the autonomous community of Aragon, Spain. As of 2012, its population was 301. Overview Situated on a limestone outcrop of the Eocene age to the west of the can ...
. It placed the canons of Jaca under the
Augustinian Rule The Rule of Saint Augustine, written about the year 400, is a brief document divided into eight chapters and serves as an outline for religious life lived in community. It is the oldest monastic rule in the Western Church. The rule, developed b ...
, and also introduced that rule into the royal chapels of Siresa, Loarre, Montearagón and
Alquézar Alquézar ( Aragonese: ''Alquezra'') is a municipality in the province of Huesca, in the autonomous community of Aragon, Spain. As of 2012, its population was 301. Overview Situated on a limestone outcrop of the Eocene age to the west of the can ...
. Unspecified reform was introduced into the monasteries of San Juan de la Peña and San Victorián de Huesca, and the
Roman rite The Roman Rite ( la, Ritus Romanus) is the primary liturgical rite of the Latin Church, the largest of the ''sui iuris'' particular churches that comprise the Catholic Church. It developed in the Latin language in the city of Rome and, while dist ...
replaced the old Visigothic liturgy. A new, eclectic cathedral, San Pedro Apóstol, was consecrated in Jaca. At the synod, the king of Aragon promised the church of Jaca a thirtieth of all royal revenue from Christian and Muslim tributaries (''tributarii''), which at the time included the ''
parias In medieval Spain, ''parias'' (from medieval Latin ''pariāre'', "to make equal n account, i.e. pay) were a form of tribute paid by the ''taifas'' of al-Andalus to the Christian kingdoms of the north. ''Parias'' dominated relations between the ...
'' from Zaragoza and Tudela:
We also give and concede to God and the blessed fisherman etera tenth of all our own gold, silver, grain and wine, as well as, among other things, whatever our tributaries, either freely or by force, give to us, both Christian and Saracen, from all the villages and castles in the mountains and the plains within prescribed boundaries ... In addition, from one of the tributes that we either receive presently or should receive in the future, by God's mercy, from Zaragoza and Tudela, we concede and donate a third part of the tenth of it to the aforementioned church and bishop.
Shortly after the synod, Ramiro went on campaign and died at the
battle of Graus A battle is an occurrence of combat in warfare between opposing military units of any number or size. A war usually consists of multiple battles. In general, a battle is a military engagement that is well defined in duration, area, and force ...
(3 May). The authenticity of the council's ''acta'', the principal source for the event, has been questioned by Antonio Durán Gudiol, who by extension has questioned the existence of the council itself. The ''acta'' are preserved in fifteen copies in the archives of the cathedrals of Jaca and Santa María de Huesca, several of them of high artistic value (''de alto valor artístico''). Durán Gudiol argues that the "''acta''" are in fact a heavily redacted record of a grant by the king and his son,
Sancho The name Sancho is an Iberian name of Basque origin (Santxo, Santzo, Santso, Antzo, Sans). Sancho stems from the Latin name Sanctius.Eichler, Ernst; Hilty, Gerold; Löffler, Heinrich; Steger, Hugo; Zgusta, Ladislav: ''Namenforschung/Name Studies/ ...
, to the church of Jaca.


Attendees

The following is a list of known attendees who confirmed the ''acta'': *King
Ramiro I of Aragon Ramiro I (bef. 10078 May 1063) was the first King of Aragon from 1035 until his death, although he is sometimes described as a petty king. He would expand the nascent Kingdom of Aragon through his acquisition of territories, such as Sobrarbe and ...
*Archbishop Austind of Auch *Bishop Guillem Guifré of Urgell *Bishop Heraclius I of Tarbes *Bishop Stephen of Oloron *Bishop Gomesano of Calahorra *Bishop John II of Pamplona *Bishop Sancho of Huesca, whose see was being transferred to Jaca *Bishop Paterno of Zaragoza *Bishop Arnulf I of Roda. *Abbot Blasco of San Juan de la Peña *Abbot Banzo of San Andrés de Fanio *Abbot Garuso of San Victorián de Huesca *Infante
Sancho Ramírez Sancho Ramírez ( 1042 – 4 June 1094) was King of Aragon from 1063 until 1094 and King of Pamplona from 1076 under the name of Sancho V ( eu, Antso V.a Ramirez). He was the eldest son of Ramiro I and Ermesinda of Bigorre. His father was the f ...
, the king's legitimate son (''infante'') and heir *Count
Sancho Ramírez Sancho Ramírez ( 1042 – 4 June 1094) was King of Aragon from 1063 until 1094 and King of Pamplona from 1076 under the name of Sancho V ( eu, Antso V.a Ramirez). He was the eldest son of Ramiro I and Ermesinda of Bigorre. His father was the f ...
, the king's illegitimate son *Count Sancho Galíndez *Fortuño Sánchez *Lope Garcés *some ''nutriti aule regie'', noble youths raised at the royal court


Notes


Sources

* * * riginally published in ''Cuadernos de Historia de España'' 47 (1968): 31–135 and 48 (1969): 30–116.* * * * * * * {{refend 1063 in Europe Jaca,1063 Province of Huesca 11th century in Aragon