Swiss chocolate is
chocolate
Chocolate is a food made from roasted and ground cacao seed kernels that is available as a liquid, solid, or paste, either on its own or as a flavoring agent in other foods. Cacao has been consumed in some form since at least the Olmec ci ...
produced in
Switzerland
). Swiss law does not designate a ''capital'' as such, but the federal parliament and government are installed in Bern, while other federal institutions, such as the federal courts, are in other cities (Bellinzona, Lausanne, Luzern, Neuchâtel ...
. While
cacao beans and other ingredients such as
sugar
Sugar is the generic name for sweet-tasting, soluble carbohydrates, many of which are used in food. Simple sugars, also called monosaccharides, include glucose, fructose, and galactose. Compound sugars, also called disaccharides or do ...
cane originate from outside Switzerland, the actual production of the chocolate must take place in Switzerland. Switzerland's chocolates have earned an international reputation for high quality with many famous international chocolate brands.
Switzerland is particularly renowned for its
milk chocolate
Milk chocolate is a solid chocolate confectionery containing cocoa, sugar and milk. Chocolate was originally sold and consumed as a beverage in pre-Columbian times, and upon its introduction to Western Europe. Major milk chocolate producers incl ...
. In 1875, a Swiss
confectioner
Confectionery is the art of making confections, which are food items that are rich in sugar and carbohydrates. Exact definitions are difficult. In general, however, confectionery is divided into two broad and somewhat overlapping categorie ...
,
Daniel Peter
Daniel Peter (9 March 1836 – 4 November 1919) was a Swiss chocolatier and entrepreneur who founded Peter's Chocolate. A neighbour of Henri Nestlé in Vevey, he was one of the first chocolatiers to make milk chocolate and is credited for inven ...
, developed the first solid milk chocolate using condensed milk, which had been invented by
Henri Nestlé, who was Peter's neighbour in
Vevey
Vevey (; frp, Vevê; german: label=former German, Vivis) is a town in Switzerland in the canton of Vaud, on the north shore of Lake Geneva, near Lausanne. The German name Vivis is no longer commonly used.
It was the seat of the district of ...
.
History
The 17th century saw the start of chocolate processed in Switzerland. In the 18th century chocolate was only produced in a few areas, such as the
Ticino
Ticino (), sometimes Tessin (), officially the Republic and Canton of Ticino or less formally the Canton of Ticino,, informally ''Canton Ticino'' ; lmo, Canton Tesin ; german: Kanton Tessin ; french: Canton du Tessin ; rm, Chantun dal Tessin . ...
.
The early 19th century saw the first mechanized chocolate factories, all in western Switzerland. Among the pioneering industrials were
François-Louis Cailler
François-Louis Cailler (11 June 1796 – 6 April 1852) was a Swiss entrepreneur and early chocolatier who founded Cailler, the first modern brand of Swiss chocolate and the oldest still in existence, in 1819.
Biography
Cailler was born in V ...
,
Philippe Suchard and
Charles-Amédée Kohler
Charles-Amédée Kohler (born Charles-Gottlieb Kohler; 15 June 1790 – 15 September 1874) was a Swiss chocolatier and entrepreneur who founded Chocolat Kohler. He notably invented hazelnut chocolate, in his factory opened in 1830 in Lausanne ...
.
In the second half of the 19th century, Swiss chocolate started to spread abroad. Closely linked to this was the invention of
milk chocolate
Milk chocolate is a solid chocolate confectionery containing cocoa, sugar and milk. Chocolate was originally sold and consumed as a beverage in pre-Columbian times, and upon its introduction to Western Europe. Major milk chocolate producers incl ...
by
Daniel Peter
Daniel Peter (9 March 1836 – 4 November 1919) was a Swiss chocolatier and entrepreneur who founded Peter's Chocolate. A neighbour of Henri Nestlé in Vevey, he was one of the first chocolatiers to make milk chocolate and is credited for inven ...
in Vevey and the invention of
conching
upright=1.35, Conche (in the Imhoff-Schokoladenmuseum)
Conching is a process used in the manufacture of chocolate whereby a surface scraping mixer and agitator, known as a conche, evenly distributes cocoa butter within chocolate and may act as ...
by
Rodolphe Lindt. Most large chocolate factories were founded in the 19th and early-20th centuries.
Timeline of chocolate factories foundations:
* 1819 -
Cailler in
Vevey
Vevey (; frp, Vevê; german: label=former German, Vivis) is a town in Switzerland in the canton of Vaud, on the north shore of Lake Geneva, near Lausanne. The German name Vivis is no longer commonly used.
It was the seat of the district of ...
(today
Nestlé
Nestlé S.A. (; ; ) is a Switzerland, Swiss multinational food and drink processing conglomerate corporation headquartered in Vevey, Vaud, Switzerland. It is the largest publicly held food company in the world, measured by revenue and other me ...
)
* 1826 -
Favarger in
Versoix
Versoix () is a municipality in the Canton of Geneva, Switzerland, which sits on the north-west side of Lake Geneva, north-east of the city of Geneva.
Geography
Versoix has an area, , of . Of this area, or 29.1% is used for agricultural purpo ...
, Canton of Geneva
* 1826 -
Suchard in
Serrières (today
Kraft Foods
The second incarnation of Kraft Foods is an American food manufacturing and processing conglomerate, split from Kraft Foods Inc. in 2012 and headquartered in Chicago, Illinois. It became part of Kraft Heinz in 2015.
A merger with Heinz, arran ...
)
* 1830 -
Kohler in
Lausanne
, neighboring_municipalities= Bottens, Bretigny-sur-Morrens, Chavannes-près-Renens, Cheseaux-sur-Lausanne, Crissier, Cugy, Écublens, Épalinges, Évian-les-Bains (FR-74), Froideville, Jouxtens-Mézery, Le Mont-sur-Lausanne, Lugrin (FR ...
(today Nestlé)
* 1836 -
Sprüngli in Zurich, company split into
Confiserie Sprüngli and
Lindt & Sprüngli in 1892
* 1852 -
Maestrani in
Luzern
Lucerne ( , ; High Alemannic: ''Lozärn'') or Luzern ()Other languages: gsw, Lozärn, label= Lucerne German; it, Lucerna ; rm, Lucerna . is a city in central Switzerland, in the German-speaking portion of the country. Lucerne is the capital o ...
(today in
Flawil
Flawil is a municipality in the canton of St. Gallen in Switzerland with slightly over 10,000 inhabitants.
It is the regional centre of Untertoggenburg, but belongs to the ''Wahlkreis'' (constituency) of Wil.
History
Flawil is first mentioned in ...
)
* 1856 -
Klaus in
Le Locle
Le Locle (; german: Luggli) is a municipality in the Canton of Neuchâtel in Switzerland.
It is situated in the Jura Mountains, a few kilometers from the city of La Chaux-de-Fonds.
It is the third smallest city in Switzerland (in Switzerland ...
, Canton of Neuchâtel
* 1867 -
Peter in Vevey (today Nestlé)
* 1879 -
Lindt
Chocoladefabriken Lindt & Sprüngli AG, doing business as Lindt, is a Swiss chocolatier and confectionery company founded in 1845 and known for its chocolate truffles and chocolate bars, among other sweets. It is based in Kilchberg, where its ...
in
Bern
german: Berner(in)french: Bernois(e) it, bernese
, neighboring_municipalities = Bremgarten bei Bern, Frauenkappelen, Ittigen, Kirchlindach, Köniz, Mühleberg, Muri bei Bern, Neuenegg, Ostermundigen, Wohlen bei Bern, Zollikofen
, website ...
(today Lindt & Sprüngli)
* 1887 -
Frey in
Aarau
, neighboring_municipalities= Buchs, Suhr, Unterentfelden, Eppenberg-Wöschnau, Erlinsbach
, twintowns = Neuchâtel (Switzerland), Delft (Netherlands), Reutlingen (Germany)
Aarau (, ) is a town, a municipality, and the capital of the ...
(today
Migros
Migros () is Switzerland's largest retail company, its largest supermarket chain and largest employer. It is also one of the forty largest retailers in the world. It is structured in the form of a cooperative federation (the Federation of Mig ...
)
* 1899 -
Tobler in Bern (today Kraft Foods)
* 1901 -
Villars in
Villars sur Glâne
* 1903 -
Cima-Norma in
Torre (closed in 1968)
* 1908 -
Felchlin in
Schwyz
* 1928 -
Stella SA
Stella or STELLA may refer to:
Art, entertainment, and media Comedy
*Stella (comedy group), a comedy troupe consisting of Michael Showalter, Michael Ian Black and David Wain
Characters
* Stella (given name), including a list of characters with t ...
in Lugano (1987 Giubiasco)
* 1929 -
Camille Bloch in
Courtelary
Courtelary is a municipality of the French-speaking Bernese Jura, in the canton of Bern in Switzerland. The town is the capital of the Jura bernois administrative district.
History
Courtelary is first mentioned in 968 as ''Curtis Alerici'' in a ...
* 1932 -
Teuscher
Teuscher is a chocolatier headquartered in Zurich, Switzerland.
Teuscher's main store is on Zurich's famed Bahnhofstrasse. The flagship store is a few blocks away in Zurich's old city centre (Storchengasse 9) in a shop built in 1647.
Founde ...
in a small town in the
Swiss Alps
The Alpine region of Switzerland, conventionally referred to as the Swiss Alps (german: Schweizer Alpen, french: Alpes suisses, it, Alpi svizzere, rm, Alps svizras), represents a major natural feature of the country and is, along with the Swis ...
* 1932 -
Bernrain in
Kreuzlingen
Kreuzlingen is a municipality in the district of Kreuzlingen in the canton of Thurgau in north-eastern Switzerland. It is the seat of the district and is the second-largest city of the canton, after Frauenfeld, with a population of about 22,000 ...
* 1933 -
Halba in Wallisellen (today
Coop
Coop, COOP, Co-op, or ''variation'', most often refers to:
* A chicken coop or other enclosure
* Cooperative or co-operative ("co-op"), an association of persons who cooperate for their mutual social, economic, and cultural benefit
** Housing co ...
)
* 1934 -
Kägi Söhne in Toggenburg
* 1957 -
Alprose
Alprose is a Swiss chocolate producer based in Caslano (Ticino). It was founded in 1957 under the name ''Titlis SA'' (in reference to the mountain in the Swiss Alps) and received its current name in 1983.
Products
Alprose produces a variety of ...
in
Caslano
* 1962 -
Läderach in
Ennenda
Ennenda is a former municipality in the canton of Glarus in Switzerland. Effective from 1 January 2011, Ennenda is part of the municipality of Glarus.
History
Ennenda is first mentioned around 1303-07 as ''Obront-Ennant-A'' and ''Nydern-Ennant ...
Sales market
From the 19th century until the
First World War
World War I (28 July 1914 11 November 1918), often abbreviated as WWI, was List of wars and anthropogenic disasters by death toll, one of the deadliest global conflicts in history. Belligerents included much of Europe, the Russian Empire, ...
and throughout the
Second World War
World War II or the Second World War, often abbreviated as WWII or WW2, was a world war that lasted from 1939 to 1945. It involved the vast majority of the world's countries—including all of the great powers—forming two opposi ...
the Swiss chocolate industry was very export-oriented. After the Second World War Switzerland began to outsource production due to commercial restrictions.
Today most Swiss chocolate is consumed by the Swiss themselves (54% in 2000), and Switzerland has the highest per capita rate of chocolate consumption worldwide (11.6 kg (25.6 lbs.) per capita per annum).
In 2004, 148,270 tonnes of chocolate were produced in Switzerland. 53% of this was exported (20% to
Germany
Germany,, officially the Federal Republic of Germany, is a country in Central Europe. It is the second most populous country in Europe after Russia, and the most populous member state of the European Union. Germany is situated betwee ...
, 11% to France and
Great Britain
Great Britain is an island in the North Atlantic Ocean off the northwest coast of continental Europe. With an area of , it is the largest of the British Isles, the largest European island and the ninth-largest island in the world. It ...
and 13% to
North America
North America is a continent in the Northern Hemisphere and almost entirely within the Western Hemisphere. It is bordered to the north by the Arctic Ocean, to the east by the Atlantic Ocean, to the southeast by South America and th ...
). The gross income of the Swiss chocolate industry in 2004 was 1.37 billion
CHF (814 million from the local market, 551 million from exports).
Industry structure
In 1901, Swiss chocolate producers created the . In 1916, this was divided into the and the . The former "Chambre syndicale" (today the
Chocosuisse) protects the interests of Swiss chocolate producers. The "Convention chocolatière" focused on the quality of the chocolate and sought a uniform price strategy. In 1994 the Convention was disbanded.
Tourism
Several factories have also become tourist attractions as they include guided tours and chocolate museums. Some of the largest are the ''Lindt Home of Chocolate'' in
Kilchberg, the ''Maison Cailler'' in
Broc
Broc (; frp, Broc, locally ) is a municipality in the district of Gruyère in the canton of Fribourg in Switzerland.
History
Broc is first mentioned in 1115 as ''Broc'' and ''Broch''. The municipality was formerly known by its German name ''B ...
and the ''Maestrani's Chocolarium'' in
Flawil
Flawil is a municipality in the canton of St. Gallen in Switzerland with slightly over 10,000 inhabitants.
It is the regional centre of Untertoggenburg, but belongs to the ''Wahlkreis'' (constituency) of Wil.
History
Flawil is first mentioned in ...
.
See also
*
Culinary Heritage of Switzerland
*
Belgian chocolate
Belgian chocolate (french: chocolat belge, nl, Belgische chocolade) is chocolate produced in Belgium. A major industry since the 19th century, today it forms an important part of the nation's economy and culture.
The raw materials used in c ...
References
Some content of this article came from the
equivalent German-language Wikipedia article (retrieved October 10, 2006), where the following references is cited:
* Alain J. Bourgard: ''CH comme Chocolat'', 2003,
Notes
External links
Swiss chocolatein the
Culinary Heritage of Switzerland
Chocosuisse: Union of Swiss Chocolate ManufacturersInformation about Swiss Chocolat:www.swissworld.orgAnnual International Chocolatiers and Chocolate Fair
{{DEFAULTSORT:Swiss Chocolate
Chocolate
Chocolate is a food made from roasted and ground cacao seed kernels that is available as a liquid, solid, or paste, either on its own or as a flavoring agent in other foods. Cacao has been consumed in some form since at least the Olmec ci ...
Economic history of Switzerland
Culinary Heritage of Switzerland
Swiss confectionery
Economy of Switzerland