The Swedish Fortifications Agency ( sv, Fortifikationsverket, FortV) is a Swedish government agency under the

Ministry of Finance A ministry of finance is a part of the government in most countries that is responsible for matters related to the finance. Lists of current ministries of finance Named "Ministry" * Ministry of Finance (Afghanistan) * Ministry of Finance and Eco ...

, tasked with managing

government-owned State ownership, also called government ownership and public ownership, is the ownership of an industry, asset, or enterprise by the state or a public body representing a community, as opposed to an individual or private party. Public ownersh ...

defense-related buildings and land. The agency functions as the

landlord A landlord is the owner of a house, apartment, condominium, land, or real estate which is rented or leased to an individual or business, who is called a tenant (also a ''lessee'' or ''renter''). When a juristic person is in this position, the ...

for the

Swedish Armed Forces The Swedish Armed Forces ( sv, Försvarsmakten, "the Defense Force") is the government agency that forms the armed forces of Sweden, tasked with the defense of the country as well as with promoting Sweden's wider interests, supporting internati ...

(), managing various types of

military installations A military base is a facility directly owned and operated by or for the military or one of its branches that shelters military equipment and personnel, and facilitates training and operations. A military base always provides accommodations for ...

. The SFA is one of the largest holders of

real estate Real estate is property consisting of land and the buildings on it, along with its natural resources such as crops, minerals or water; immovable property of this nature; an interest vested in this (also) an item of real property, (more general ...

in Sweden.

Function in the government

The formation of the SFA in 1994 was part of the Swedish government effort to increase the cost-efficiency of government real estate usage through a system of internal rent, which was meant to emulate market-like conditions. Swedish Agency for Public Management 2004, p. 5-6 The main purpose with the reform was to create economic incentives for the authorities in the public sector to economise on premises. In the defense sector, the real estate holdings were transferred from the

— the user of the real estate — to the SFA; with the Swedish Armed Forces remaining in the estate as a tenant. Currently, the SFA acts as

for several Swedish government agencies in the defense sector. Swedish Fortifications Agency 2007, p. 12. The main tenant is the Swedish Armed Forces, which in 2007 was the source of over 90% of the SFA:s

revenue In accounting, revenue is the total amount of income generated by the sale of goods and services related to the primary operations of the business. Commercial revenue may also be referred to as sales or as turnover. Some companies receive reven ...

Economy

The SFA does not receive an allowance from the

government budget A government budget is a document prepared by the government and/or other political entity presenting its anticipated tax revenues (Inheritance tax, income tax, corporation tax, import taxes) and proposed spending/expenditure (Healthcare, Educa ...

. Ministry of Finance 2009, p. 5. Instead, it covers its expenses by charging

rent Rent may refer to: Economics *Renting, an agreement where a payment is made for the temporary use of a good, service or property *Economic rent, any payment in excess of the cost of production *Rent-seeking, attempting to increase one's share of e ...

for the real estate it leases. In 2008, the agency's

was 3.0 billion SEK, and its

net income In business and accounting, net income (also total comprehensive income, net earnings, net profit, bottom line, sales profit, or credit sales) is an entity's income minus cost of goods sold, expenses, depreciation and amortization, interest, a ...

67 million SEK. The rent is adjusted so that the net income — which goes into the state

treasury A treasury is either *A government department related to finance and taxation, a finance ministry. *A place or location where treasure, such as currency or precious items are kept. These can be state or royal property, church treasure or in p ...

— conforms to a predefined level of

return on equity The return on equity (ROE) is a measure of the profitability of a business in relation to the equity. Because shareholder's equity can be calculated by taking all assets and subtracting all liabilities, ROE can also be thought of as a return on '' ...

, as set by the

. To finance

investment Investment is the dedication of money to purchase of an asset to attain an increase in value over a period of time. Investment requires a sacrifice of some present asset, such as time, money, or effort. In finance, the purpose of investing i ...

s, the SFA borrows money from the

National Debt Office The Swedish National Debt Office ( sv, Riksgäldskontoret or shortly ''Riksgälden'') was founded by Gustav III at the Riksdag of the Estates in 1789, through the Act of union and security. It is a Swedish Government agency. The first task of the ...

(), which acts as the internal bank of the government.

Personnel

The SFA employed 689 people in 2008. The majority of the employees work on a local level in real estate units linked to

garrison A garrison (from the French ''garnison'', itself from the verb ''garnir'', "to equip") is any body of troops stationed in a particular location, originally to guard it. The term now often applies to certain facilities that constitute a mil ...

s, where employees work in areas such as

project management Project management is the process of leading the work of a team to achieve all project goals within the given constraints. This information is usually described in project documentation, created at the beginning of the development process. Th ...

property development Real estate development, or property development, is a business process, encompassing activities that range from the renovation and re-lease of existing buildings to the purchase of raw land and the sale of developed land or parcels to others. R ...

and maintenance services. Swedish Fortifications Agency: At the regional and national level, employees work in real estate purchasing and sales, defense facility development, and various management functions. The SFA considers its

core competencies A core competency is a concept in management theory introduced by C. K. Prahalad and Gary Hamel.Prahalad, C.K. and Hamel, G. (1990)The core competence of the corporation", Harvard Business Review (v. 68, no. 3) pp. 79–91. It can be define ...

to be security and protective technology. The agency has stated that it aims to increase the amount of

outsourcing Outsourcing is an agreement in which one company hires another company to be responsible for a planned or existing activity which otherwise is or could be carried out internally, i.e. in-house, and sometimes involves transferring employees and ...

, and as an experiment in 2006, it outsourced the property maintenance of two

Real estate stock

In 2008, the

book value In accounting, book value is the value of an asset according to its balance sheet account balance. For assets, the value is based on the original cost of the asset less any depreciation, amortization or impairment costs made against the asset. Tra ...

of the government real estate stock managed by the SFA was 10.1 billion SEK, largely consisting of depots,

s, training facilities, offices, and

proving ground A proving ground (US) is an installation or reservation in which technology such as weapons, military tactics and automobile prototypes are experimented with or tested. Proving grounds can be operated by government bodies or civilian industries. ...

s. In 2007, the total real estate stock included: Swedish Fortifications Agency * 8 000 buildings * 3.3 million square meters of open space facilities * 7 700 defense facilities * 11 airfields * 380 000

hectare The hectare (; SI symbol: ha) is a non-SI metric unit of area equal to a square with 100-metre sides (1 hm2), or 10,000 m2, and is primarily used in the measurement of land. There are 100 hectares in one square kilometre. An acre is a ...

s of land, including: * 100 000

s of forest

Directors General

Directors General of the Swedish Fortifications Administration

*1948–1951: Nils Josef Einar Carlqvist *1951–1963: Gunnar Christianson *1963–1971: Birger Wallén *1971–1983: Stig Swanstein *1983–1989: Eric Pettersson *1989–1994-06-30: Björn Körlof

Directors General of the Swedish Fortifications Agency

*1994-07-01 – 1999:

Torsten Engberg Lieutenant General Torsten Reinhold Engberg (28May 1934 – 7February 2018) was a senior Swedish Coastal Artillery officer. Engberg was Chief of the Naval Staff from 1984 to 1987 and Chief of the Defence Staff from 1987 to 1991 as well ...

*1999–2002: Jane Cederqvist *2003–2009: Sören Häggroth *2009-03-01 – 2011-12-31: Lena Jönsson *2012-01-01 – 2018: Urban Karlström *2018-04-09 – 20xx: Maria Bredberg Pettersson

Notes

References

* * * * * * * * * * *

External links

* {{authority control Fortifications Agency Fortifications Agency Fortifications Agency Public finance of Sweden Military disbanding and disarmament