Svaliava ( uk, Свалява, hu, Szolyva, sk, Svaľava, yi, סוואליאווע ''Svalyave'') is a

city A city is a human settlement of notable size.Goodall, B. (1987) ''The Penguin Dictionary of Human Geography''. London: Penguin.Kuper, A. and Kuper, J., eds (1996) ''The Social Science Encyclopedia''. 2nd edition. London: Routledge. It can be def ...

located on the Latorytsia River in

Zakarpattia Oblast The Zakarpattia Oblast ( uk, Закарпатська область, Zakarpatska oblast) is an administrative oblast located in western Ukraine, mostly coterminous with the historical region of Carpathian Ruthenia. Its administrative centre is ...

in western

Ukraine Ukraine ( uk, Україна, Ukraïna, ) is a country in Eastern Europe. It is the second-largest European country after Russia, which it borders to the east and northeast. Ukraine covers approximately . Prior to the ongoing Russian inv ...

. It is the administrative center of Svaliava Raion (

district A district is a type of administrative division that, in some countries, is managed by the local government. Across the world, areas known as "districts" vary greatly in size, spanning regions or county, counties, several municipality, municipa ...

). Population: .

Names

There are several alternative names used for this city: uk, Свалява, cz, Svaljava,

German German(s) may refer to: * Germany (of or related to) ** Germania (historical use) * Germans, citizens of Germany, people of German ancestry, or native speakers of the German language ** For citizens of Germany, see also German nationality law **Ge ...

: ''Schwalbach'' or ''Schwallbach'', ro, Svaliava, russian: Свалява.

Demographics

At the 2001 census, the population included: *

Ukrainians Ukrainians ( uk, Українці, Ukraintsi, ) are an East Slavic ethnic group native to Ukraine. They are the seventh-largest nation in Europe. The native language of the Ukrainians is Ukrainian. The majority of Ukrainians are Eastern Ort ...

(94.5%) *

Russians , native_name_lang = ru , image = , caption = , population = , popplace = 118 million Russians in the Russian Federation (2002 '' Winkler Prins'' estimate) , region1 = , pop1 ...

(1.5%) *

Hungarians Hungarians, also known as Magyars ( ; hu, magyarok ), are a nation and ethnic group native to Hungary () and historical Hungarian lands who share a common culture, history, ancestry, and language. The Hungarian language belongs to the Urali ...

(0.7%) * Slovaks (0.6%)

History

According to the census of 1910, 47.1% of the population was Greek Catholic, 26.2% Jewish and 22.9% Roman Catholic. The Jewish population was deported to Auschwitz after the German occupation of Hungary, in May 1944, and most of them was murdered there. After the

Second World War World War II or the Second World War, often abbreviated as WWII or WW2, was a world war that lasted from 1939 to 1945. It involved the vast majority of the world's countries—including all of the great powers—forming two opposi ...

concentration camp Internment is the imprisonment of people, commonly in large groups, without charges or intent to file charges. The term is especially used for the confinement "of enemy citizens in wartime or of terrorism suspects". Thus, while it can simpl ...

was working near the town. Hungarian and German-born civilians (born between 1896 and 1926) were carried off by

Soviet The Soviet Union,. officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. (USSR),. was a transcontinental country that spanned much of Eurasia from 1922 to 1991. A flagship communist state, it was nominally a federal union of fifteen nation ...

forces to the camp purely on the basis of their nationality. They were ordered to report for " malenkij robot" (a corrupted Russian for "small work"), but most of them – more than 10 thousands deportees were killed in the camp. The site of the camp is now a memorial park established in 1994.

Gallery

File:Wooden church in Svaliava, Zakarpatska oblast.jpg, St. Nicholas Church File:Svaliava (Szolyva) synagogue.jpg, Synagogue in Svaliava File:Svaliava,former synagogue,now-bakery.JPG, Synagogue today, now the bakery is here File:Svaliava,former synagogue.jpg, Former synagogue File:Svaliava,jewish cemetery.JPG, Jewish cemetery File:Szolyva 12.jpg, Memorial park in Svaliava

References

External links

Svaliava
in th
Encyclopedia of Ukraine
{{Authority control Cities in Zakarpattia Oblast Spa towns in Ukraine Cities of district significance in Ukraine Holocaust locations in Ukraine