Surat is a district in the state of

Gujarat Gujarat (, ) is a state along the western coast of India. Its coastline of about is the longest in the country, most of which lies on the Kathiawar peninsula. Gujarat is the fifth-largest Indian state by area, covering some ; and the ninth ...

India India, officially the Republic of India (Hindi: ), is a country in South Asia. It is the seventh-largest country by area, the second-most populous country, and the most populous democracy in the world. Bounded by the Indian Ocean on the so ...

with Surat city as the administrative headquarters of this district. It is surrounded by Bharuch, Narmada (North),

Navsari Navsari is the ninth biggest city in the state of Gujarat in India. It is the administrative headquarters of Navsari District. Navsari is situated between Surat & Mumbai. Navsari is a twin city of Surat. It is located 37 km south of Sura ...

(South) districts and east

Tapi district Tapi district is one of the 33 districts of Gujarat state in western India. It has seven talukas Vyara, Songadh, Nizar, Valod, Uchhal, Dolavan, Kukarmunda. Vyara town is the district headquarters. Tapi has 523 villages and two municipali ...

To the west is the

Gulf of Cambay The Gulf of Khambhat, historically known as the Gulf of Cambay, is a bay on the Arabian Sea coast of India, bordering the state of Gujarat just north of Mumbai and Diu Island. The Gulf of Khambhat is about long, about wide in the north and u ...

. It is the second-most advanced district in Gujarat. It had a population of 6,081,322 of which 79.68% were urban as of 2011. On 2 October 2007 Surat district was split into two by the creation of a new Tapi district, under the Surat District Re-organisation Act 2007. As of 2011 it is the 12th most populous district of India (out of 640), and the second most populous district of Gujarat (out of 33) after Ahmadabad. As of 2011, 79.74% of Surat's population is urban and 20.26% of its population is rural. Scheduled tribes are 14.1% of its population and scheduled castes are 2.6% of its population. Surat district 1877 map

Geography

Surat District's total area is 4,418 km ², and the density of Surat District was 1,376 per km ² at the 2011 Census. The region has the highest population density in the State, followed by Ahmedabad region. There are 10 sub-districts in Surat district. These include Surat city, Mandvi, Bardoli, Palsana, Mahuva, Kamrej, Mangrol, Choryasi, Olpad and Umarpada.

Climate

Surat has a

tropical savanna climate Tropical savanna climate or tropical wet and dry climate is a tropical climate sub-type that corresponds to the Köppen climate classification categories ''Aw'' (for a dry winter) and ''As'' (for a dry summer). The driest month has less than of p ...

(

Köppen Köppen is a German surname. Notable people with the surname include: * Bernd Köppen (born 1951), German pianist and composer * Carl Köppen (1833-1907), German military advisor in Meiji era Japan * Edlef Köppen (1893–1939), German author and ...

: Aw), moderated strongly by the Sea to the Gulf of Cambay. The summer begins in early March and lasts until June. April and May are the hottest months, the average maximum temperature being .

Monsoon A monsoon () is traditionally a seasonal reversing wind accompanied by corresponding changes in precipitation but is now used to describe seasonal changes in atmospheric circulation and precipitation associated with annual latitudinal osci ...

begins in late June, and the city receives about of rain by the end of September, with the average maximum being during those months. October and November see the retreat of the monsoon and a return of high temperatures until late November. Winter starts in December and ends in late February, with average mean temperatures of around , and negligible rain. Since the 20th century, Surat has experienced 14 floods. In 1968, most parts of the city were flooded and in 1994 a flood caused a country-wide plague outbreak, Surat being the epicenter. In 1998, 30 per cent of Surat had gone under water due to flooding in

Tapti river The Tapti River (or Tapi) is a river in central India located to the south of the Narmada river that flows westwards before draining into the Arabian Sea. The river has a length of around and flows through the states of Maharashtra, Gujara ...

following release of water from

Ukai dam The Ukai Dam, constructed across the Tapi River, is the second largest reservoir in Gujarat after the Sardar Sarovar. It is also known as Vallabh Sagar. Constructed in 1972, the dam is meant for irrigation, power generation and flood control. Ha ...

located 90 km from Surat and in Aug, 2006 more than 95 per cent of the city was under Tapti river waters, killing more than 120 people, stranding tens of thousands in their homes without food or electricity and closing businesses and schools for weeks.

Demographics

According to the 2011 census Surat district has a

population Population typically refers to the number of people in a single area, whether it be a city or town, region, country, continent, or the world. Governments typically quantify the size of the resident population within their jurisdiction using a ...

of 6,081,322, roughly equal to the nation of El Salvador or the US state of

Missouri Missouri is a state in the Midwestern region of the United States. Ranking 21st in land area, it is bordered by eight states (tied for the most with Tennessee): Iowa to the north, Illinois, Kentucky and Tennessee to the east, Arkansas t ...

. This gives it a ranking of 12th in India (out of a total of 640). The district has a population density of . Its

population growth rate Population growth is the increase in the number of people in a population or dispersed group. Actual global human population growth amounts to around 83 million annually, or 1.1% per year. The global population has grown from 1 billion in 1800 to ...

was 42.24% over the decade 2001–2011 and 54.30% over the decade 1991–2001. Surat has a

sex ratio The sex ratio (or gender ratio) is usually defined as the ratio of males to females in a population. As explained by Fisher's principle, for evolutionary reasons this is typically about 1:1 in species which reproduce sexually. Many species d ...

of 788

females Female (symbol: ♀) is the sex of an organism that produces the large non-motile ova (egg cells), the type of gamete (sex cell) that fuses with the male gamete during sexual reproduction. A female has larger gametes than a male. Females ...

for every 1000 males, and a

literacy rate Literacy in its broadest sense describes "particular ways of thinking about and doing reading and writing" with the purpose of understanding or expressing thoughts or ideas in written form in some specific context of use. In other words, huma ...

of 86.5%. Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes make up 2.60% and 14.09% of the population respectively.

Religion

Language

Politics

Culture

Places of tourist interest in Surat are the old fort build by Muhammad bin Tughluq, the beautiful beaches of Ubhrat and Dumas , the villages of Bardoli.

Industry at a Glance

The above details has been taken from ''Brief Industrial Profile of Surat District''

Notable personalities

Narmadashankar Dave Narmadashankar Lalshankar Dave () (24 August 1833 – 26 February 1886), popularly known as Narmad, was an Indian Gujarati-language poet, playwright, essayist, orator, lexicographer and reformer under the British Raj. He is considered to be the ...

(1833–1886) Author, poet, scholar and public speaker. Born in Surat. * Shaikh Randeri (a.k.a. Shaikh Raneri) was famous for spreading the Islamic faith to

Indonesia Indonesia, officially the Republic of Indonesia, is a country in Southeast Asia and Oceania between the Indian and Pacific oceans. It consists of over 17,000 islands, including Sumatra, Java, Sulawesi, and parts of Borneo and New Guine ...

. * Navalram (1836–1888) Author and literary critic. Born in Surat. *

Ranjitram Mehta Ranjitram Vavabhai Mehta (25 October 1881 – 4 June 1917) was a Gujarati language writer from British India. Biography Mehta was born on 25 October 1881 in Surat to Vavabhai. He completed his schooling in Ahmedabad where his father was the ...

(1881–1917) Author. Born in Surat. * Gunvant Shah (1937– ) Author. Born in Rander, Surat.Basic Information about Gunvant Shah
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References

External links

Official website

Collectorate site
{{Coord, 20, 55, N, 73, 03, E, display=title, region:IN_type:adm2nd_source:GNS-enwiki Districts of Gujarat