Sultanate of Sambas on:
[Wikipedia]
[Google]
[Amazon]
The Sultanate of Sambas () was a traditional Malay state on the Western coast of the island of
The state was stable, featuring strong, durable leaders, until the Japanese conquest of 1942, when Sultan Muhammad Ibrahim Shafi ud-din II was executed in the Pontianak Incident at Mandor in 1944. The Sultanate was thereafter suspended and replaced by a Japanese council. It returned with the return of the Dutch in 1946. They installed another Sultan, who died in 1956, ending the line.
From 1984, the head of the Royal House was Winata Kusuma of Sambas, who was recognised as Sultan in 2000 and installed in July 2001. He died in 2008.
Borneo
Borneo () is the List of islands by area, third-largest island in the world, with an area of , and population of 23,053,723 (2020 national censuses). Situated at the geographic centre of Maritime Southeast Asia, it is one of the Greater Sunda ...
, in modern-day Indonesia
Indonesia, officially the Republic of Indonesia, is a country in Southeast Asia and Oceania, between the Indian Ocean, Indian and Pacific Ocean, Pacific oceans. Comprising over List of islands of Indonesia, 17,000 islands, including Sumatra, ...
.
History
At first governed by governors, Sambas became a kingdom in 1609 with the descendant of Sepudak. She married one of her daughters to a prince of Sultan Muhammad Hassan of Brunei, Prince Tengah whom later became the first and the last Sultan ofSarawak
Sarawak ( , ) is a States and federal territories of Malaysia, state of Malaysia. It is the largest among the 13 states, with an area almost equal to that of Peninsular Malaysia. Sarawak is located in East Malaysia in northwest Borneo, and is ...
for Bruneian Empire
Bruneian may refer to:
* Something of, or related to Brunei
* A person from Brunei, or of Bruneian descent. For information about the Bruneian people, see Demographics of Brunei and Culture of Brunei. For specific Bruneians, see List of Bruneians.
...
. The child of this union, Muhammad Saif ud-din I became the first Muslim Sultan of Sambas.
During the colonial period, Sambas remained largely independent and became a center of pirate activity in the early nineteenth century. In 1812 and 1813, the British launched two military expeditions against Sambas, the first one failing and the second one managing to capture Sambas. The Dutch took control in 1819, leading into frequent minglings into succession, deposing and exiling Abu Bakar Taj ud-din II to Java.
The state was stable, featuring strong, durable leaders, until the Japanese conquest of 1942, when Sultan Muhammad Ibrahim Shafi ud-din II was executed in the Pontianak Incident at Mandor in 1944. The Sultanate was thereafter suspended and replaced by a Japanese council. It returned with the return of the Dutch in 1946. They installed another Sultan, who died in 1956, ending the line.
From 1984, the head of the Royal House was Winata Kusuma of Sambas, who was recognised as Sultan in 2000 and installed in July 2001. He died in 2008.
The Sultan
The meaning of "Sultan" is "His Highness" and his royal name consists of ''Sri Paduka al-Sultan Tuanku'', followed by his personal reign name, ''ibni al-Marhum'' and concludes with his father's reigning titles and his name. The wife of the Sultan is titled ''Sri Paduka Ratu''. The Sultanate followed maleprimogeniture
Primogeniture () is the right, by law or custom, of the firstborn Legitimacy (family law), legitimate child to inheritance, inherit all or most of their parent's estate (law), estate in preference to shared inheritance among all or some childre ...
, with the sons of royal wives having precedence over those of common wives.
List of rulers
Panembahan Ratu (King) of Sambas: * Timbang Paseban (1600–1609) * Sepudak (1609–1632) * Anom Kesumayuda (1632–1670) Sultanate of Sambas: * Muhammad Shafi ud-din I (1675–1685) * Muhammad Taj ud-din I (1685–1708) * Umar Aqam ud-din I (1708–1732) * Abu Bakar Kamal ud-din I (1732–1764) * Umar Akam ud-din II (1764–1786) * Achmad Taj ud-din II (1786–1793) * Abu Bakar Taj ud-din I (1793–1815) * Muhammad 'Ali Shafi ud-din I (1815–1828) * Usman Kamal ud-din (1828–1832) * Umar Akam ud-din III (1832–1846) * Abu Bakar Taj ud-din II (1846–1854) * Umar Kamal ud-din (1854–1866) * Muhammad Shafi ud-din II (1866–1924) * Muhammad 'Ali Shafi ud-din II (1924–1926) * Muhammad Tayeb (Chief of Dewan Majelis Kesultanan Sambas 1926 - 1931) * Muhammad Ibrahim Shafi ud-din (1931–1943) * Muchsin Panji Anom (Chief of Dewan Majelis Kesultanan Sambas 1946 - 1950) * Muhammad Taufik (Head of the Royal Family 1950 - 1984) * Winata Kusuma (Head of the Royal Family 1984 - 2000, Sultan 2000 - 2008, died 1 February 2008) * Muhammad Tarhan (Head of the Royal Family since 3 February 2008)Family tree
References
External links
* https://web.archive.org/web/20090125055935/http://bt.com.bn/en/golden_legacy/2009/01/11/sambas_sultanate_descents_from_brunei {{DEFAULTSORT:Sultanate Of Sambas Former countries in Borneo Precolonial states of Indonesia West Kalimantan Islamic states in Indonesia Former sultanates