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Stojan Protić ( sr-cyrl, Стојан Протић; 28 January 1857 – 28 October 1923) was a Serbian politician and writer. He served as the
prime minister A prime minister, premier or chief of cabinet is the head of the cabinet and the leader of the ministers in the executive branch of government, often in a parliamentary or semi-presidential system. Under those systems, a prime minister is ...
of the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats, and Slovenes between 1918 and 1919, and again in 1920, later called
Yugoslavia Yugoslavia (; sh-Latn-Cyrl, separator=" / ", Jugoslavija, Југославија ; sl, Jugoslavija ; mk, Југославија ;; rup, Iugoslavia; hu, Jugoszlávia; rue, label= Pannonian Rusyn, Югославия, translit=Juhoslavij ...
. He is best remembered as the key theoretician of Serbian
parliamentarism A parliamentary system, or parliamentarian democracy, is a system of democratic governance of a state (or subordinate entity) where the executive derives its democratic legitimacy from its ability to command the support ("confidence") of t ...
.


Biography

Stojan M. Protić was born in
Kruševac Kruševac ( sr-cyr, Крушевац, , tr, Alacahisar or Kruşevca) is a city and the administrative center of the Rasina District in central Serbia. It is located in the valley of West Morava, on Rasina river. According to the 2011 census, t ...
. His great-great-grandfather (''
čukundeda The Serbo-Croatian standard languages ( Serbian, Croatian, Bosnian and Montenegrin) have one of the more elaborate kinship (''srodstvo'') systems among European languages. Terminology may differ from place to place. Most words are common to oth ...
''), Toma Dečanac, moved from the village of Dečani with his wife and two sons, to Kruševac. Having studied history and philosophy in Belgrade's
Grandes écoles Grandes may refer to: *Agustín Muñoz Grandes Agustín Muñoz Grandes (27 January 1896 – 11 July 1970) was a Spanish general, and politician, vice-president of the Spanish Government and minister with Francisco Franco several times; also know ...
(''Velika škola''), Protić briefly worked in government service before dedicating himself to journalism and becoming editor of ''Samouprava'' ("Autonomy"), the official daily newspaper of the People's Radical Party. In 1884 he became editor of another paper, ''Odjek'' ("Echo"), and advocated changing Serbia's constitution. He ran in the 1887 elections and was elected to Parliament. As secretary of the Constitutional committee in 1888 Protić participated in drafting the Serbian Constitution, perhaps one of the most liberal constitutions in late nineteenth-century Europe. He became an influential ideologist of the People's Radical Party and a talented journalist. He continued to write numerous articles for several political magazines while in office. Protić was often elected as a deputy of the People's Radical Party in the Serbian Parliament: 1887, 1897, 1901, 1903, 1905, 1906, 1908 and 1912. Known as an ardent polemist and advocate of British-type democracy, he served as a deputy in the first Yugoslav parliament (1920) as well. He was Minister of Interior in various governments in Serbia after 1903 (Administrations of
Jovan Avakumović Jovan Avakumović (1 January 1841 – 3 August 1928) was a Serbian lawyer, criminologist, statesman, and Prime Minister of Serbia. Biography Born in Belgrade, a descendant of a respected Serbian merchant family of Baba-Dudići, Avakumović was a ...
,
Sava Grujić Sava Grujić ( sr-cyr, Сава Грујић, ; 25 November 1840 – 3 November 1913) was a Serbian politician, statesman, general, army officer, and author, serving five times as Prime Minister of the Kingdom of Serbia under two different mona ...
,
Nikola Pašić Nikola Pašić ( sr-Cyrl, Никола Пашић, ; 18 December 1845 – 10 December 1926) was a Serbian and Yugoslav politician and diplomat who was a leading political figure for almost 40 years. He was the leader of the People's Radical ...
), as well as the Minister of Finance (1909-1912). As Minister of the Interior at the outbreak of World War I, he worked the Serbian reply to the Austro-Hungarian Ultimatum during the
July Crisis The July Crisis was a series of interrelated diplomatic and military escalations among the major powers of Europe in the summer of 1914, which led to the outbreak of World War I (1914–1918). The crisis began on 28 June 1914, when Gavrilo Pri ...
. He supported the Corfu Declaration (1917), opposed the Geneva Declaration (November 9, 1918), and sought to revise the
Vidovdan Constitution The Vidovdan Constitution was the first constitution of the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes. It was approved by the Constitutional Assembly on 28 June 1921 despite the opposition boycotting the vote. The Constitution is named after the feast ...
. In December 1918 Protić was appointed Prime Minister of the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats, and Slovenes by Prince-Regent Aleksandar Karađorđević. His government, unfortunately, lasted from 20 December 1918 to 16 August 1919. He was Prime Minister once more from 19 February to 17 May 1920. In 1923, after leaving the Radicals, led by Pašić, he formed a new party the Independent Radical Party (Nezavisna Radikalna Sranka) but failed to gain support. After losing his parliamentary seat in his traditional constituency in
Kruševac Kruševac ( sr-cyr, Крушевац, , tr, Alacahisar or Kruşevca) is a city and the administrative center of the Rasina District in central Serbia. It is located in the valley of West Morava, on Rasina river. According to the 2011 census, t ...
, Protić quit politics. His books translated into English, German, Russian and French were published under the pseudonym "Balkanicus".


Death

Protić died of heart disease in Belgrade in 1923. His great-grandson is Milan St. Protić, a historian, politician and diplomat who served as the
Mayor of Belgrade The Mayor of Belgrade ( sr, Градоначелник Београда / ''Gradonačelnik Beograda'') is the head of the City of Belgrade (the capital and largest city of Serbia). The Mayor acts on behalf of the city, and performs an executive f ...
.


Selected works

*''O Makedoniji i Makedoncima'', Št. Koste Taušanovića, Beograd, 1888. *''Tajna konvencija između Srbije i Austrougarske'', Št. D. Obradović, Beograd 1909. *''Odlomci iz ustavne I narodne borbe u Srbiji, vol. I-II, Št. D. Obradović, Beograd, 1911-1912. *''Albanski problem i Srbija i Austrougarska'', G. Kon, Beograd, 1913 *''Srbi i Bugari u Balkanskom ratu'', napisao Balkanicus,
Geca Kon Geca Kon also spelled Gaetz Kohn (; 2 August 1873 – 1941) was a Serbian publisher. Early life Kon was born in Csongrád. His father was a rich rabbi and was the director of an elementary school. Unable to complete school, Kon moved to Belgrad ...
, Beograd 1913 *''Das albanische Problem und die Beziehungen zwischen Serbien und Österreich-Ungarn'', von Balkanicus (ins Deutsche übertragen von L. Markowitsch), O. Wigand, Leipzig, 1913. *''Le problème albanais, la Serbie et l'Autriche-Hongrie'', par Balkanicus, Augustin Challamel, Paris, 1913. *''La Bulgarie : ses ambitions, sa trahison : accompagné des textes de tous les traité secrets et correspondances diplomatiques'', par Balcanicus, Armand Colin, Paris, 1915. * Balkanicus, ''The Aspirations of Bulgaria'', Simkin, Marshall, Hamilton, Kent & Co. LTD, London 1915.


References


Sources

* * {{DEFAULTSORT:Protic, Stojan 1857 births 1923 deaths Politicians from Kruševac People from the Principality of Serbia People's Radical Party politicians Finance ministers of Serbia Prime Ministers of Yugoslavia Finance ministers of Yugoslavia Writers from Kruševac Foreign ministers of Serbia Interior ministers of Serbia