Stiftung Juliusspital Würzburg is a foundation in

Würzburg Würzburg (; Main-Franconian: ) is a city in the region of Franconia in the north of the German state of Bavaria. Würzburg is the administrative seat of the ''Regierungsbezirk'' Lower Franconia. It spans the banks of the Main River. Würzburg ...

Germany Germany,, officially the Federal Republic of Germany, is a country in Central Europe. It is the second most populous country in Europe after Russia, and the most populous member state of the European Union. Germany is situated betwe ...

that includes the Juliusspital (hospital) and the Juliusspital winery. It was created as a hospital in 1576 by the Prince-Bishop of Würzburg, Julius Echter von Mespelbrunn.

History

The hospital was founded by

Julius Echter Julius Echter von Mespelbrunn (18 March 1545 – 9 September 1617) was Prince-Bishop of Würzburg from 1573. He was born in Mespelbrunn Castle, Spessart ( Lower Franconia) and died in Würzburg. Life He was educated in Mainz, Leuven, ...

, Bishop of Würzburg, in 1576 on the ground of a Jewish cemetery with the endowment of the abandoned . It originally also accepted pilgrims, people suffering from epilepsy, and orphans.

Regional influence

The end of the

Thirty Years' War The Thirty Years' War was one of the longest and most destructive conflicts in European history, lasting from 1618 to 1648. Fought primarily in Central Europe, an estimated 4.5 to 8 million soldiers and civilians died as a result of battle ...

in 1648 left part of the village of Thüngen in the hands of the Prince-Bishop of Würzburg, administered by the Juliusspital. In Gräfendorf the Barons of Thüngen and the Juliusspital in Würzburg shared the lordship. The latter's rights passed under the

German Mediatisation German mediatisation (; german: deutsche Mediatisierung) was the major territorial restructuring that took place between 1802 and 1814 in Germany and the surrounding region by means of the mass mediatisation and secularisation of a large number ...

in 1803 to

Bavaria Bavaria ( ; ), officially the Free State of Bavaria (german: Freistaat Bayern, link=no ), is a state in the south-east of Germany. With an area of , Bavaria is the largest German state by land area, comprising roughly a fifth of the total lan ...

, and in 1805 to the Grand Duchy of Aschaffenburg. Also in the course of this

secularization In sociology, secularization (or secularisation) is the transformation of a society from close identification with religious values and institutions toward non-religious values and secular institutions. The ''secularization thesis'' expresses the ...

in 1803, the rights of the Prince-Bishopric of Würzburg in Karsbach, and those held by the Juliusspital, passed to Bavaria, which under the terms of the Peace of Pressburg it ceded to the newly formed

Grand Duchy of Würzburg The Grand Duchy of Würzburg (german: Großherzogtum Würzburg) was a German grand duchy centered on Würzburg existing in the early 19th century. As a consequence of the 1801 Treaty of Lunéville, the Bishopric of Würzburg was secularized in ...

. In 1878, in an article in ''The Examiner'' comparing the status of medical education in England and overseas, reported that "In Germany, the faculties are more equal. In

University of Würzburg The Julius Maximilian University of Würzburg (also referred to as the University of Würzburg, in German ''Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg'') is a public research university in Würzburg, Germany. The University of Würzburg is one of ...

, owing to the large and rich Julius-Spital, the medical faculty is the most numerous."

Notable staff and students

In 1776

Carl Caspar von Siebold Carl Caspar von Siebold (4 November 1736 – 3 April 1807) was a German surgeon and obstetrician who was a native of Nideggen in the Duchy of Jülich. From 1760 to 1763 he studied medicine in Würzburg, and afterwards furthered his medical educ ...

was appointed as head physician (''Oberwundarzt'') of the Juliusspital. Under his leadership, new surgical techniques were introduced, a regimen of hygiene was established, and renovation of the ''Theatrum Anatomicum'' took place. In 1805 the Juliusspital reportedly had the first modern

operating theater An operating theater (also known as an operating room (OR), operating suite, or operation suite) is a facility within a hospital where surgical operations are carried out in an aseptic environment. Historically, the term "operating theater" refe ...

in the world.

Georg Anton Schäffer Georg Anton Schäffer (rarely russified as ''Yegor Nikolayevich'' or ''Egor Antonovich'' ''Sheffer''; ''von Schaeffer'' in Portuguese sources; 27 January 1779 – 1836) was a German physician in the employ of the Russian-American Company who ...

studied medicine at Juliusspital's College of Medicine. He joined the

Imperial Russian The Russian Empire was an empire and the final period of the Russian monarchy from 1721 to 1917, ruling across large parts of Eurasia. It succeeded the Tsardom of Russia following the Treaty of Nystad, which ended the Great Northern War. The ...

service as a surgeon, serving in Moscow before 1812. In 1816, Cajetan von Textor was appointed professor of surgery and ''Oberwundarzt'' in the Juliusspital. His students included

Bernhard Heine Bernhard Heine (August 20, 1800, Schramberg (Black Forest) – July 31, 1846, Glockenthal near Thun (Switzerland)) was a German physician, bone specialist and the inventor of the osteotome, a medical tool for cutting bones. Apprenticeship in W ...

(1800–1846), inventor of the

osteotome An osteotome is an instrument used for cutting or preparing bone. Osteotomes are similar to a chisel but bevelled on both sides. They are used today in plastic surgery, orthopedic surgery and dental implantation. The chain osteotome, original ...

. In 1863,

Franz von Rinecker Franz von Rinecker (3 January 1811 – 21 February 1883) was a German pharmacologist and physician, born in Schesslitz near Bamberg. He studied medicine at Munich and Würzburg, earning his medical degree in 1834. In 1838 he became professor of ...

became director of psychiatry at the Juliusspital, and in 1872 took on additional responsibilities as director of dermatology. In 1870,

Friedrich Jolly Friedrich Jolly (24 November 1844 – 4 January 1904) was a German neurologist and psychiatrist who was a native of Heidelberg, and the son of physicist Philipp von Jolly (1809–1884). He studied medicine at University of Göttingen, Göttin ...

was his assistant.

Buildings and architecture

Juliusspital is a Baroque hospital with a courtyard and a church originally established in 1576. However, the 160 m long northern wing was added by in 1700–4. Beneath it lies the similarly sized wine cellar. The

Rococo Rococo (, also ), less commonly Roccoco or Late Baroque, is an exceptionally ornamental and theatrical style of architecture, art and decoration which combines asymmetry, scrolling curves, gilding, white and pastel colours, sculpted moulding, ...

pharmacy survived the bombing of 1945 largely undamaged. North of the Spital is a park used by the patients, fronted to the right by the ''Alte Anatomie'' (by Joseph Greising, built in 1705–14. This was renovated in 1788 and used by the medical faculty such as Albert von Kölliker, von Siebold or

Rudolf Virchow Rudolf Ludwig Carl Virchow (; or ; 13 October 18215 September 1902) was a German physician, anthropologist, pathologist, prehistorian, biologist, writer, editor, and politician. He is known as "the father of modern pathology" and as the founder ...

to instruct up to 48 students in surgery and anatomy. The park also features a water basin by Jacob van der Auvera with stone dolphins and allegorical figures for the Franconian rivers

Main Main may refer to: Geography * Main River (disambiguation) **Most commonly the Main (river) in Germany * Main, Iran, a village in Fars Province *"Spanish Main", the Caribbean coasts of mainland Spanish territories in the 16th and 17th centuries ...

Tauber The Tauber () is a river in Franconia (Baden-Württemberg and Bavaria), Germany. It is a left tributary of the Main and is in length. The name derives from the Celtic word for water (compare: Dover). It flows through Rothenburg ob der Tauber ...

Saale The Saale (), also known as the Saxon Saale (german: Sächsische Saale) and Thuringian Saale (german: Thüringische Saale), is a river in Germany and a left-bank tributary of the Elbe. It is not to be confused with the smaller Franconian Saale ...

and

Sinn In the philosophy of language, the distinction between sense and reference was an idea of the German philosopher and mathematician Gottlob Frege in 1892 (in his paper "On Sense and Reference"; German: "Über Sinn und Bedeutung"), reflecting the ...

. It sports the coat-of-arms of Johann Philipp von Greifenclau zu Vollraths. The buildings are maintained to a high standard - they had a new pipe organ built by Orgelbau Vleugels in 2005.

Today

Juliusspital continues to function as a hospital and retirement home. It is also the second largest

winery A winery is a building or property that produces wine, or a business involved in the production of wine, such as a wine company. Some wine companies own many wineries. Besides wine making equipment, larger wineries may also feature warehouses, ...

in Germany and the biggest individual German wine grower, at 177 hectares. ''Weingut Juliusspital'' is within the Franconian wine region and a member of Association of German Prädikat Wine Estates.

Gallery

Würzburg - Stiftung Juliusspital, Koellikerstraße.JPG, Modern hospital wing Würzburg - Gartenpavillon des Juliusspitals, Südwestfassade.JPG, ''Alte Anatomie'' Juliusspital.jpg, Drawing after an engraving by

Matthäus Merian Matthäus is a given name or surname. Notable people with the name include: ;Surname * Lothar Matthäus, (born 1961), German former football player and manager ;Given name * Matthäus Aurogallus, Professor of Hebrew at the University of Wittenbe ...

(1648) JuliusSpital1.jpg, Arcades of the Juliusspital Juliusspital Stiftung Würzburg Weinstubenschild.JPG, Sign of the ''Weinstuben'' wine bar/restaurant JuliusSpital3.jpg, Northern Baroque wing with arcades JuliusSpital2.jpg, Inner courtyard

References

Bibliography

* Oberpflegeamt der Stiftung Juliusspital Würzburg (Hrsg.): ''Das Juliusspital Würzburg in Vergangenheit und Gegenwart: Festschrift aus Anlaß der Einweihung der wiederaufgebauten Pfarrkirche des Juliusspitals am 16. Juli 1953''. Würzburg: Fränkische Gesellschaftsdruckerei 1953. * Ludwig Weiss (Bearb.), Oberpflegeamt der Stiftung Juliusspital Würzburg (Hrsg.): ''400 Jahre Pfarrkirche St. Kilian im Juliusspital zu Würzburg''. Würzburg 1980. * Johanna Bleker (Hrsg.): ''Kranke und Krankheiten im Juliusspital zu Würzburg 1819 – 1829: zur frühen Geschichte des allgemeinen Krankenhauses in Deutschland''. In: Abhandlungen zur Geschichte der Medizin und der Naturwissenschaften, 72. Husum: Matthiesen, 1995, . * Andreas Mettenleiter: ''Die Anatomenskulpturen von Johann Peter Wagner an der Fassade des juliusspitälischen Gartenpavillons in Würzburg.'' Würzburger medizinhistorische Mitteilungen, 18. Königshausen & Neumann, Würzburg 1999. * Robert Wagner: ''Wein- und Fleischzeichen des Juliusspital zu Würzburg''. In: ''Mainfränkisches Jahrbuch für Geschichte und Kunst'', 25 (= 96), 1973, S. 145–149.

External links

* {{DEFAULTSORT:Stiftung Juliusspital Wurzburg Buildings and structures in Würzburg Juliusspital 1576 establishments in the Holy Roman Empire