Stanisława Popielska (born c. 1893) most well known as Stanisława P. was a Polish spiritual

medium Medium may refer to: Aircraft *Medium bomber, a class of warplane * Tecma Medium, a French hang glider design Arts, entertainment, and media Films * ''The Medium'' (1921 film), a German silent film * ''The Medium'' (1951 film), a film vers ...

who was alleged to have produced ectoplasm and the psychokinetic movement of objects. In 1913, Stanisława was investigated by the psychical researcher

Albert von Schrenck-Notzing Albert Freiherr von Schrenck-Notzing (18 May 1862 – 12 February 1929) was a German physician, psychiatrist and notable psychical researcher, who devoted his time to the study of paranormal events connected with mediumship, hypnotism and telepa ...

. During the séances a number of flashlight photographs were taken, he published a book on the subject of materializations and declared her ectoplasm to be genuine. Schrenck-Notzing's experiments with the medium were criticized for their poor controls and he was accused by scientists of being the victim of fraud after his book was published.

Mathilde Ludendorff Mathilde Friederike Karoline Ludendorff (born Mathilde Spieß; 4 October 1877 – 24 June 1966) was a German psychiatrist and author on several subjects such as philosophy, politics, and religion. She was a leading figure in the Völkisch move ...

who attended a séance stated she had observed the ectoplasm to be made of

gauze Gauze is a thin, translucent Textile, fabric with a wikt:loose, loose open Weaving, weave. In technical terms, "gauze" is a weave structure in which the weft yarns are arranged in pairs and are crossed before and after each Warp (weaving), w ...

and it was attached to a secret thread that was pinned to the cabinet. In 1930, Stanisława was discredited at the

Institut Métapsychique An institute is an organizational body created for a certain purpose. They are often research organisations (research institutes) created to do research on specific topics, or can also be a professional body. In some countries, institutes ca ...

by Eugéne Osty as she was caught cheating. Secret flashlight photographs that were taken revealed that her hand was free and she had moved objects on the séance table. Osty concluded that she was a comedic medium, and her psychokinetic phenomena was fraudulent.Osty, Eugene. (1930). ''Le medium Stanislawa P. a f'Jnstitui metapsychique dc Paris: Comedic mediumniquc''. Revue meuspiyebique, no. 6 (Paris: Alcan): pp. 515-528.

References

{{DEFAULTSORT:P., Stanislawa 1890s births Telekinetics Polish spiritual mediums 20th-century Polish women Polish fraudsters Year of death missing

See also

References