Sozvezdie ( ru , Созвездие, Constellation), a

joint-stock company A joint-stock company is a business entity in which shares of the company's capital stock, stock can be bought and sold by shareholders. Each shareholder owns company stock in proportion, evidenced by their share (finance), shares (certificates ...

also referred to as JSC Concern Sozvezdie, is the leading Russian developer and manufacturer of

electronic warfare Electronic warfare (EW) is any action involving the use of the electromagnetic spectrum (EM spectrum) or directed energy to control the spectrum, attack an enemy, or impede enemy assaults. The purpose of electronic warfare is to deny the opponen ...

radio communication Radio is the technology of signaling and communicating using radio waves. Radio waves are electromagnetic waves of frequency between 30 hertz (Hz) and 300 gigahertz (GHz). They are generated by an electronic device called a transmit ...

s, and

electronic countermeasures An electronic countermeasure (ECM) is an electrical or electronic device designed to trick or deceive radar, sonar, or other detection systems, like infrared (IR) or lasers. It may be used both offensively and defensively to deny targeting info ...

systems and equipment. Its headquarters are in

Voronezh Voronezh ( rus, links=no, Воро́неж, p=vɐˈronʲɪʂ}) is a city and the administrative centre of Voronezh Oblast in southwestern Russia straddling the Voronezh River, located from where it flows into the Don River. The city sits on the ...

History

The Voronezh Scientific Research Institute of Communication (VNIIS) was founded in

in 1958, and Sozvezdie is headquartered in this city. In 1963 Sozvezdie was the first in the world to create a fully-fledged

mobile communications Mobile telephony is the provision of telephone services to phones which may move around freely rather than stay fixed in one location. Telephony is supposed to specifically point to a voice-only service or connection, though sometimes the l ...

system. The organization was founded on July 29, 2004 by Decree of the

Russian President The president of the Russian Federation ( rus, Президент Российской Федерации, Prezident Rossiyskoy Federatsii) is the head of state of the Russian Federation. The president leads the executive branch of the federal ...

. It has developed Russia's new multi-functional electronic warfare weapon system. On July 16, 2014, the

Obama administration Barack Obama's tenure as the 44th president of the United States began with his first inauguration on January 20, 2009, and ended on January 20, 2017. A Democrat from Illinois, Obama took office following a decisive victory over Republican ...

imposed sanctions through the

US Department of Treasury The Department of the Treasury (USDT) is the national treasury and finance department of the federal government of the United States, where it serves as an executive department. The department oversees the Bureau of Engraving and Printing and t ...

Office of Foreign Assets Control The Office of Foreign Assets Control (OFAC) is a financial intelligence and enforcement agency of the U.S. Treasury Department. It administers and enforces economic and trade sanctions in support of U.S. national security and foreign policy ob ...

(OFAC) by adding Concern Sozvezdie and other entities to the Specially Designated Nationals List (SDN) in retaliation for the ongoing

Russo-Ukrainian War The Russo-Ukrainian War; uk, російсько-українська війна, rosiisko-ukrainska viina. has been ongoing between Russia (alongside Russian separatist forces in Donbas, Russian separatists in Ukraine) and Ukraine since Feb ...

Structure

Apart from VNIIS, Sozvezdie includes the following enterprises and scientific research institutes: * JSC TNIIR 'Efir' * JSC Sarapul radiozavod * JSC Tambov plant 'Revtrud' * JSC Elektroautomatika * JSC NPP 'Start' * JSC Tambov plant 'October' * JSC 'Luch' Plant * JSC Ryazanskiy radiozavod * JSC Slavgorod plant of radioequipment * JSC Almaz * JSC Voronezh Central KB 'Polyus' * JSC VNII 'Vega' * JSC NPP 'Volna' * JSC 'Yantar' plant * JSC Krasnodar instrumentation plant 'Kaskade' * JSC Krasnodar KB 'Selena' * JSC 'KB of experimental works'

References

{{Reflist 1958 establishments in Russia Technology companies established in 1958 Companies based in Voronezh Electronics companies of Russia United Instrument Manufacturing Corporation Russian entities subject to the U.S. Department of the Treasury sanctions Electronics companies of the Soviet Union

History

Structure

See also

References