Slonim is a
Hasidic
Hasidism, sometimes spelled Chassidism, and also known as Hasidic Judaism ( Ashkenazi Hebrew: חסידות ''Ḥăsīdus'', ; originally, "piety"), is a Jewish religious group that arose as a spiritual revival movement in the territory of conte ...
dynasty
A dynasty is a sequence of rulers from the same family,''Oxford English Dictionary'', "dynasty, ''n''." Oxford University Press (Oxford), 1897. usually in the context of a monarchical system, but sometimes also appearing in republics. A ...
originating in the town of
Slonim
Slonim ( be, Сло́нім, russian: Сло́ним, lt, Slanimas, lv, Sloņima, pl, Słonim, yi, סלאָנים, ''Slonim'') is a city in Grodno Region, Belarus, capital of the Slonimski rajon. It is located at the junction of the Ščar ...
, which is now in
Belarus
Belarus,, , ; alternatively and formerly known as Byelorussia (from Russian ). officially the Republic of Belarus,; rus, Республика Беларусь, Respublika Belarus. is a landlocked country in Eastern Europe. It is bordered by ...
.
Today, there are two Slonimer factions. Slonim, based in
Jerusalem
Jerusalem (; he, יְרוּשָׁלַיִם ; ar, القُدس ) (combining the Biblical and common usage Arabic names); grc, Ἱερουσαλήμ/Ἰεροσόλυμα, Hierousalḗm/Hierosóluma; hy, Երուսաղեմ, Erusałēm. i ...
, and the Slanim community in
Bnei Brak
Bnei Brak or Bene Beraq ( he, בְּנֵי בְּרַק ) is a city located on the central Mediterranean coastal plain in Israel, just east of Tel Aviv. A center of Haredi Judaism, Bnei Brak covers an area of 709 hectares (1752 acres, or 2.7 ...
. They are two distinct groups today, and have many differences between them.
The first
Rebbe
A Rebbe ( yi, רבי, translit=rebe) or Admor ( he, אדמו״ר) is the spiritual leader in the Hasidic movement, and the personalities of its dynasties.Heilman, Samuel"The Rebbe and the Resurgence of Orthodox Judaism."''Religion and Spiritu ...
of Slonim, Rabbi Avraham Weinberg (1804–1883), was the author of ''Yesod HaAvodah''.
In 1873, he sent a group of his grandchildren and other Hasidim to settle in
Ottoman Palestine; they set up their community in
Tiberias
Tiberias ( ; he, טְבֶרְיָה, ; ar, طبريا, Ṭabariyyā) is an Israeli city on the western shore of the Sea of Galilee. A major Jewish center during Late Antiquity, it has been considered since the 16th century one of Judaism's F ...
. Almost all of the Slonimer Hasidim in Europe perished at the hands of the
Nazis
Nazism ( ; german: Nazismus), the common name in English for National Socialism (german: Nationalsozialismus, ), is the far-right totalitarian political ideology and practices associated with Adolf Hitler and the Nazi Party (NSDAP) in N ...
in the
Holocaust
The Holocaust, also known as the Shoah, was the genocide of European Jews during World War II. Between 1941 and 1945, Nazi Germany and its collaborators systematically murdered some six million Jews across German-occupied Europe; ...
. The present-day Slonimer community was rebuilt from the Slonimer Hasidim who had settled in Israel.
Outline of Slonimer dynasty
Spiritual legacy
* Rabbi Israel
Baal Shem Tov
Israel ben Eliezer (1698 – 22 May 1760), known as the Baal Shem Tov ( he, בעל שם טוב, ) or as the Besht, was a Jewish mystic and healer who is regarded as the founder of Hasidic Judaism. "Besht" is the acronym for Baal Shem Tov, which ...
, founder of
Hasidism
Hasidism, sometimes spelled Chassidism, and also known as Hasidic Judaism ( Ashkenazi Hebrew: חסידות ''Ḥăsīdus'', ; originally, "piety"), is a Jewish religious group that arose as a spiritual revival movement in the territory of cont ...
:* Rabbi
Dov Ber, the
Maggid (Preacher) of
Mezeritch, disciple of the Baal Shem Tov
::* Rabbi
Aaron Hagodol of
Karlin,
disciple of the Maggid
::: Rabbi Shlomo of Karlin, disciple of the Maggid and of Rabbi Aaron Hagodol of Karlin
:::* Rabbi Mordechai of
Lechovitch, disciple of Rabbi Shlomo of Karlin
::::* Rabbi Noah of Lechovitch, son of Rabbi Mordechai
:::::* Rabbi Moshe of
Kobrin
Kobryn ( be, Кобрын; russian: Кобрин; pl, Kobryń; lt, Kobrynas; uk, Кобринь, Kobryn'; yi, קאָברין) is a city in the Brest Region of Belarus and the center of the Kobryn District. The city is located in the southwest ...
(1784 - 1858), disciple of Rabbi Noah of Lechovitch
:::::: Rabbi Avraham of Slonim (1804 - 11 Cheshvan 1883), disciple of Rabbi Noah of Lechovitch and Rabbi Moshe of Kobrin, and first Rebbe of Slonim
Lineage of Slonimer Rebbes
* Rabbi Avraham of Slonim (1804 - 11
Cheshvan
Marcheshvan ( he, מַרְחֶשְׁוָן, Standard , Tiberian ; from Akkadian , literally, 'eighth month'), sometimes shortened to Cheshvan (, Standard Tiberian ), is the second month of the civil year (which starts on 1 Tishrei), and the e ...
1883), author of ''Yesod HaAvodah'', first Slonmer Rebbe.
:* Rabbi Shmuel Weinberg (1850-1916) of Slonim, author of ''Divrei Shmuel'', also known as the "Foter", grandson of the Rabbi Avraham, author of ''Yesod HaAvodah''.
::* Rabbi Yissachar Leib Weinberg of Slonim (1873 - 1928), son of the Rabbi Shmuel, author of ''Divrei Shmuel''.
:::* Rabbi Avraham Yehoshua Heshel Weinberg of Slonim-
Tel Aviv
Tel Aviv-Yafo ( he, תֵּל־אָבִיב-יָפוֹ, translit=Tēl-ʾĀvīv-Yāfō ; ar, تَلّ أَبِيب – يَافَا, translit=Tall ʾAbīb-Yāfā, links=no), often referred to as just Tel Aviv, is the most populous city in the G ...
, son of Rabbi Yissachar Leib.
:* Rabbi Noah Weinberg of Slonim and
Tiberias
Tiberias ( ; he, טְבֶרְיָה, ; ar, طبريا, Ṭabariyyā) is an Israeli city on the western shore of the Sea of Galilee. A major Jewish center during Late Antiquity, it has been considered since the 16th century one of Judaism's F ...
, grandson of the author of ''Yesod HaAvodah'', brother of the author of ''Divrei Shmuel'', a ''menahel'' of
Yeshiva
A yeshiva (; he, ישיבה, , sitting; pl. , or ) is a traditional Jewish educational institution focused on the study of Rabbinic literature, primarily the Talmud and halacha (Jewish law), while Torah and Jewish philosophy a ...
''Or-Torah'' of Tiberias.
:* Rabbi Matisyohu of Slonim, grandson of the author of ''Yesod HaAvodah''.
::* Rabbi Avraham Weinberg of Slonim (1884 - 1
Iyar
Iyar ( he, אִייָר or , Standard ''ʾĪyyar'' Tiberian ''ʾĪyyār''; from akk, 𒌗 𒄞 itiayari " rosette; blossom") is the eighth month of the civil year (which starts on 1 Tishrei) and the second month of the Jewish religious year ...
1933), author of ''Beis Avraham'', son of Grand Rabbi Shmuel.
:::* Rabbi Shlomo David Yehoshua Weinberg of Slonim-Baranovitch (1912 – 1943), son of the ''Beis Avraham''.
::::* Rabbi Mordechai Chaim of Slonim-Tiberias, grandson of the ''Yesod HaAvodah'' brother, disciple of the ''Beis Avraham'', successor of Rabbi Shlomo David Yehoshua Weinberg.
:::::* Rabbi Avraham Weinberg of Tiberias and Jerusalem (''Rosh Chodesh''
Tammuz 1889 - 12
Sivan
''Sivan'' (Hebrew: סִיוָן, Standard ''Sīvan'', Tiberian ''Sīwān''; from Akkadian ''simānu'', meaning "Season; time") is the ninth month of the civil year and the third month of the ecclesiastical year on the Hebrew calendar. It is a ...
1981),
author of ''Birkas Avraham'', son of Rabbi Noah, disciple and nephew of the ''Divrei Shmuel'', successor of Rabbi Mordechai Chaim.
::::::* Rabbi
Sholom Noach Berezovsky
Rabbi Sholom Noach Berezovsky ( he, שלום נח ברזובסקי; August 18, 1911 – August 8, 2000) served as Slonimer Rebbe from 1981 until his death. A prolific writer, He is widely known for his teachings which are published as a ...
(1911-2000), Slonimer Rebbe of Jerusalem, author of ''Nesivos Shalom'', son-in-law of the ''Birkas Avraham'' (R Avraham Weinberg). Worked diligently to reestablish Slonimer Hasidus from its small remnants after World War II. Published many Slonimer Hasidic books from original manuscripts and lost documents.
:::::::* Rabbi Shmuel Berezovski, author of ''Darchei Noam'', present Slonimer Rebbe of Jerusalem, son of the ''Nesivos Shalom''.
Main Hasidic works of Slonim
In addition to those works revered by all Hasidim, the Slonimer Hasidim particularly revere the following books: ''Yesod HaAvodah'', ''Divrei Shmuel'', ''Beis Avraham'', ''Birkas Avraham''.
The Slonimer rebbes of Jerusalem have also authored two tremendously popular
Hasidic works, ''Nesivos Shalom'', by the previous Slonimer Rebbe of Jerusalem, and ''Darchei Noam'', by the present Slonimer Rebbe of Jerusalem.
''Nesivos Shalom'' is extremely popular even outside of Hasidic circles.
Controversy in Slonim school in Immanuel
Currently, in Israel, there reside approximately 1,300 families that follow the Slonimer Rebbe from Jerusalem.
[Some 300,000 ultra-Orthodox rally in Israel](_blank)
/ref> In 2010, a dispute arose in Immanuel, a Jewish settlement in the northern West Bank
The West Bank ( ar, الضفة الغربية, translit=aḍ-Ḍiffah al-Ġarbiyyah; he, הגדה המערבית, translit=HaGadah HaMaʽaravit, also referred to by some Israelis as ) is a landlocked territory near the coast of the Mediter ...
, over the integration of Ashkenazi
Ashkenazi Jews ( ; he, יְהוּדֵי אַשְׁכְּנַז, translit=Yehudei Ashkenaz, ; yi, אַשכּנזישע ייִדן, Ashkenazishe Yidn), also known as Ashkenazic Jews or ''Ashkenazim'',, Ashkenazi Hebrew pronunciation: , singu ...
Slonim girls in a school with Sephardi
Sephardic (or Sephardi) Jews (, ; lad, Djudíos Sefardíes), also ''Sepharadim'' , Modern Hebrew: ''Sfaradim'', Tiberian: Səp̄āraddîm, also , ''Ye'hude Sepharad'', lit. "The Jews of Spain", es, Judíos sefardíes (or ), pt, Judeus sefa ...
girls from non-religious families. Over 120,000 Torah
The Torah (; hbo, ''Tōrā'', "Instruction", "Teaching" or "Law") is the compilation of the first five books of the Hebrew Bible, namely the books of Genesis, Exodus, Leviticus, Numbers and Deuteronomy. In that sense, Torah means the ...
-observant Jews, including Haredi
Haredi Judaism ( he, ', ; also spelled ''Charedi'' in English; plural ''Haredim'' or ''Charedim'') consists of groups within Orthodox Judaism that are characterized by their strict adherence to ''halakha'' (Jewish law) and traditions, in oppos ...
and Dati Leumi Jews, rallied in Israel to keep the groups separate, with the fathers of 40 girls being jailed for their refusal to comply. The families insisted it was not a "racial" issue, as 30% of those in the Hasidic track are Sephardic, and three fathers jailed were Sephardic, but, rather, that the "desire to remove their daughters from the influence of those less strict in their religious observance, watching TV at home, having access to the internet, and a more lax dress code
A dress code is a set of rules, often written, with regard to what clothing groups of people must wear. Dress codes are created out of social perceptions and norms, and vary based on purpose, circumstances, and occasions. Different societies a ...
among the other track in the school have been cited".[Jewish Mothers Fight Jail Over Segregation](_blank)
/ref>
See also
* Shmuel Yaakov Weinberg
* Yisrael Noah Weinberg
* Slonim Synagogue
References
External links
''Nesivos Shalom'' in English
A Video of the Slonimer Rebbe of Jerusalem at the Western Wall
Lakhovits-Kobrin-Slonim_Hasidic_Dynasty
*
"The Synthesis of Hasidic Pietism with Lithuanian Torah Scholarship in Slonimer Hasidut"
in Immanuel Etkes, "Yeshivot u-Vatei Midrashot" (Jerusalem, Merkaz Shazar, 2006).
{{DEFAULTSORT:Slonim (Hasidic dynasty)
Hasidic dynasties headquartered in Jerusalem
Hasidic Judaism in Belarus
Hasidic dynasties of Lithuania
Jewish groups in Belarus