Skookum Jim Mason
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Keish ( – July 11, 1916), also known as James Mason and by the nickname Skookum Jim Mason, was a member of the
Tagish The Tagish or Tagish Khwáan (Tagish language, Tagish: ; tli, Taagish ḵwáan) are a First Nations in Canada, First Nations people of the Athabaskan languages, Athabaskan-speaking ethnolinguistic group that lived around Tagish Lake and Marsh ...
First Nation Indigenous peoples are culturally distinct ethnic groups whose members are directly descended from the earliest known inhabitants of a particular geographic region and, to some extent, maintain the language and culture of those original people ...
in what became the
Yukon Territory Yukon (; ; formerly called Yukon Territory and also referred to as the Yukon) is the smallest and westernmost of Canada's three territories. It also is the second-least populated province or territory in Canada, with a population of 43,964 as ...
of
Canada Canada is a country in North America. Its ten provinces and three territories extend from the Atlantic Ocean to the Pacific Ocean and northward into the Arctic Ocean, covering over , making it the world's second-largest country by tot ...
. He was born near
Bennett Lake Bennett Lake is a lake in the Province of British Columbia and Yukon Territory in northwestern Canada, at an elevation of 2602 ft. (642 m.) . It is just north of the border with the United States state of Alaska, near the Alaskan port of Skagw ...
on what is now the British Columbia and Yukon border. He lived in Caribou Crossing, now
Carcross Carcross, originally known as Caribou Crossing, ( tli, Nadashaa Héeni) is an unincorporated community in Yukon, Canada, on Bennett Lake and Nares Lake. It is home to the Carcross/Tagish First Nation. It is south-southeast by the Alaska Highway ...
,
Yukon Yukon (; ; formerly called Yukon Territory and also referred to as the Yukon) is the smallest and westernmost of Canada's three territories. It also is the second-least populated province or territory in Canada, with a population of 43,964 as ...
, Canada.


Childhood

Keish was born around 1855 near Lake Bennett into the Daḵl'aweidi clan of Tagish. His mother, Gus'duteen, was from Tahltan country around Telegraph Creek while his father was Kaachgaawáa, chief of the Tagish Deisheetaan. His family was involved in trade between the coastal Tlingit and the inland Tagish. The family had two sons and six daughters who reached adulthood. The name ''Keish'' is a Tagish word meaning "wolf".


Packing career

In the mid-1880s, Keish worked the summers as a packer, carrying supplies from the Alaska Coast, over the passes to the Yukon River system. He earned his ''Skookum'' nickname because of his extraordinary strength: he could carry huge loads of more than 45 kilos.
Skookum Skookum is a Chinook Jargon word that has historical use in the Pacific Northwest. It has a range of meanings, commonly associated with an English translation of "strong" or "monstrous". The word can mean "strong", "greatest", "powerful", "ultima ...
means "strong", "big" and "reliable" in the Chinook Jargon and regional English as used in the
Pacific Northwest The Pacific Northwest (sometimes Cascadia, or simply abbreviated as PNW) is a geographic region in western North America bounded by its coastal waters of the Pacific Ocean to the west and, loosely, by the Rocky Mountains to the east. Though ...
. Keish assisted the government surveyor William Ogilvie in his explorations of the upper
Yukon River The Yukon River (Gwichʼin language, Gwich'in: ''Ųųg Han'' or ''Yuk Han'', Central Alaskan Yup'ik language, Yup'ik: ''Kuigpak'', Inupiaq language, Inupiaq: ''Kuukpak'', Deg Xinag language, Deg Xinag: ''Yeqin'', Hän language, Hän: ''Tth'echù' ...
. He reportedly packed 70 kilos of bacon over the Chilkoot Pass for the surveyor which was more than double the regular load. Keish met George Washington Carmack, an American trader and prospector, while working on the Trail at
Dyea Dyea ( ) is a former town in the U.S. state of Alaska. A few people live on individual small homesteads in the valley; however, it is largely abandoned. It is located at the convergence of the Taiya River and Taiya Inlet on the south side of th ...
. Keish and Carmack became friends, and together with Keish's nephew Káa Goox (Dawson Charlie), formed a partnership and spent two years packing on the Chilkoot Pass. Carmack later started a family with Keish's sister Shaaw Tláa (
Kate Carmack Shaaw Tláa, also known as Kate Carmack ( – 29 March 1920), was a Tagish First Nation woman who was one of the party that first found gold in the Klondike River in 1896, and is sometimes credited with being the person who made the actual di ...
). In 1887, Keish helped Captain William Moore with a survey of the
White Pass White Pass, also known as the Dead Horse Trail, (elevation ) is a mountain pass through the Boundary Ranges of the Coast Mountains on the border of the U.S. state of Alaska and the province of British Columbia, Canada. It leads from Skagway, Alas ...
, a low lying pass to the east of the Chilkoot Trail. This was later developed as an alternative route to the Klondike.


Klondike discovery

Through Carmack, Keish became interested in prospecting, and in 1888 Carmack, Keish and Goox began prospecting together up the Yukon River. In summer 1889, George and Kate Carmack left Tagish to go prospecting in the Forty Mile region. Keish remained in Tagish, and in the early 1890s married Daakuxda.éit (Mary), a Tlingit woman. In 1891, the couple had a daughter Saayna.aat, known also as Daisy. Several years later, having heard no news of the Carmack family, Keish and his two nephews Koołseen (Patsy Henderson) and Káa Goox went to search for them. They discovered the Carmacks and their daughter at the mouth of the Klondike River. Keish, George and Káa Goox then set off from the fishing camp to go prospecting in the Klondike basin. They encountered Robert Henderson, who was also prospecting for gold. Henderson told Carmack that he knew of a promising spot to look for gold, but would not share it with Carmack's First Nations companions. The trio were incensed and left the area. A few days later, in mid August 1896, they discovered gold on Rabbit (Bonanza) Creek when one of them found a nugget the size of a dime. Who saw the gold first is a matter of dispute. Carmack claimed that he noticed it first, but Keish and his nephew asserted that it was Keish who was the discoverer. At any rate, in September 1896 Carmack staked a double “discovery claim”, while Keish and Charlie staked claims on either side of it. Although the claim was close to the area Henderson had indicated, they chose not to inform Henderson, who thus missed out. From 1896 to 1900, the men worked together on the claims, and between them found gold worth almost a million dollars.


Later life

This sudden wealth drastically changed the lives of Keish and his family. Seeking to live by non-native standards, in 1898 Keish built a large, ornately furnished house in Carcross for himself and his family. He lived there in the winters before returning each spring to the Klondike where he continued hunting, trapping and prospecting for gold. In 1903, he and his nephew Káa Goox made a further, but smaller discovery in the Kluane region. In 1904, Keish sold his claims in the Klondike for $65,000. He developed a drinking problem and as a result in 1905 created the Daisy Mason Trust, to protect his fortune against spending on alcohol or gifts to others and to provide for his daughter's education. His marriage also suffered, and following several attempts at reconciliation, in 1905 they separated and Daakuxda.éit returned to her village on the Alaskan coast. Their daughter remained in Keish's custody. Keish was known for his generosity to his family and others. When Carmack abandoned his wife Kate, and left her virtually penniless, Keish built his sister a cabin in Carcross. According to Daniel Tlen, “in 1912 he gave the largest
potlatch A potlatch is a gift-giving feast practiced by Indigenous peoples of the Pacific Northwest Coast of Canada and the United States,Harkin, Michael E., 2001, Potlatch in Anthropology, International Encyclopedia of the Social and Behavioral Science ...
ever held in honour of his deceased nephew Khaa Ghooxh, Dawson Charlie." Keish died in
Whitehorse, Yukon Whitehorse () is the capital of Yukon, and the largest city in Northern Canada. It was incorporated in 1950 and is located at kilometre 1426 (Historic Mile 918) on the Alaska Highway in southern Yukon. Whitehorse's downtown and Riverdale area ...
on July 11, 1916, after a long illness. In his will, he left the income of the trust to his daughter Saayna.aat (Daisy Mason) and also made legacies to his sister Kate, and his nephew Koołseen (Patsy Henderson), and two other relatives, although these legacies were never paid. When his daughter died in 1938, the income from the trust was used, as directed by Keish's will, to the benefit of needy Indigenous peoples in Yukon. The Skookum Jim Friendship Centre in Whitehorse was built using this trust fund. A fictionalized version of Skookum Jim appears in the
TG4 TG4 ( ga, TG Ceathair, ) is an Irish free-to-air public service television network. The channel launched on 31 October 1996 and is available online and through its on demand service TG4 Player in Ireland and beyond. TG4 was formerly known ...
series ''
An Klondike ''An Klondike'' (Irish for " The Klondike") is an Irish Western television series created by Dathaí Keane for TG4. Internationally, the series is known as ''Dominion Creek''. Set during the Klondike Gold Rush, it portrays the lives of three Ir ...
'', portrayed by Julian Black Antelope, where he is depicted as a
Hän The Hän, Han or Hwëch'in / Han Hwech’in (meaning "People of the River, i.e. Yukon River", in English also Hankutchin) are a First Nations people of Canada and an Alaska Native Athabaskan people of the United States; they are part of the At ...
and is killed by the fictional character Pat Galvin in 1898.


References

{{DEFAULTSORT:Keish 19th-century births 1916 deaths 19th-century First Nations people 20th-century First Nations people Canadian gold prospectors Gold prospectors Klondike Gold Rush People from Carcross, Yukon Persons of National Historic Significance (Canada) People of the Klondike Gold Rush Tagish people Tahltan people