Sihanoukville Autonomous Port
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Sihanoukville Autonomous Port ( km, កំពង់ផែស្វយ័តក្រុងព្រះសីហនុ; french: Port autonome du Sihanoukville, PAS) is a
government agency A government or state agency, sometimes an appointed commission, is a permanent or semi-permanent organization in the machinery of government that is responsible for the oversight and administration of specific functions, such as an administrati ...
and
state corporation A state-owned enterprise (SOE) is a government entity which is established or nationalised by the ''national government'' or ''provincial government'' by an executive order or an act of legislation in order to earn profit for the governmen ...
of
Cambodia Cambodia (; also Kampuchea ; km, កម្ពុជា, UNGEGN: ), officially the Kingdom of Cambodia, is a country located in the southern portion of the Indochinese Peninsula in Southeast Asia, spanning an area of , bordered by Thailand t ...
and Sihanoukville that operates and governs the country's sole
deep water port A port is a maritime facility comprising one or more wharves or loading areas, where ships load and discharge cargo and passengers. Although usually situated on a sea coast or estuary, ports can also be found far inland, such as Ham ...
. In Sihanoukville, on the Bay of Kampong Som of the
Gulf of Thailand The Gulf of Thailand, also known as the Gulf of Siam, is a shallow inlet in the southwestern South China Sea, bounded between the southwestern shores of the Indochinese Peninsula and the northern half of the Malay Peninsula. It is around in l ...
in south-western Cambodia. The port was inaugurated in 1960 as construction of the Old Jetty's four berths had begun in 1955. Since the port has continuously been extended. Several berths, a
container terminal A container port or container terminal is a facility where cargo containers are transshipped between different transport vehicles, for onward transportation. The transshipment may be between container ships and land vehicles, for example train ...
, a tanker terminal and an industrial effluent treatment plant were added. There are nine berths available for medium ships with a maximum draft of . The total berth length is and the tidal variation is . The decking for the original pier laid in 1958 consisted of 137 pre-stressed concrete beams, each long and weighing around 90 tons. The beams were assembled on site and proved to be very difficult to maneuver. A small railway was constructed to transport the beams from the assembly site. In order to cope with the increasing rates of cargo throughput, the government of Cambodia had constructed another -long new quay with maximum draft in 1966. At present, this new quay can accommodate three vessels with draft. The construction of the Container Terminal, long by depth and a container yard was completed in March 2007. PAS'
board of directors A board of directors (commonly referred simply as the board) is an executive committee that jointly supervises the activities of an organization, which can be either a for-profit or a nonprofit organization such as a business, nonprofit organiz ...
is appointed by a variety of
government ministries Ministry or department (also less commonly used secretariat, office, or directorate) are designations used by first-level Executive (government), executive bodies in the Machinery of government, machinery of governments that manage a specific se ...
. The port employs currently more than 1000 persons. In 2003, PAS acquired the remaining 70% of the Cambodia CWT Dry Port near
Phnom Penh Phnom Penh (; km, ភ្នំពេញ, ) is the capital and most populous city of Cambodia. It has been the national capital since the French protectorate of Cambodia and has grown to become the nation's primate city and its economic, indus ...
. In addition to the 30% share already held, this made the state-owned Sihanoukville Autonomous Port the sole proprietor of the dry port. The port became a listed company in June 2017 in the Cambodian Stock Market.


History

Before and during the period of the French Protectorate, no deep water port existed to handle international marine trade. The small port at the Tonle Sap River near
Phnom Penh Phnom Penh (; km, ភ្នំពេញ, ) is the capital and most populous city of Cambodia. It has been the national capital since the French protectorate of Cambodia and has grown to become the nation's primate city and its economic, indus ...
had insufficient capabilities, as it handled ships of up to 3000 tons during the dry season and 4000 tons during the wet season.
Kampot Kampot may refer to: *Kampot (city), a city in southern Cambodia *Kampot, an alternative spelling of the Slavic drink Kompot *Kampot Province, province of Cambodia *Kampot Municipality, a municipality in Cambodia *Kampot Airport, an airport in Cambo ...
was Cambodia's only marine port, on the Tuk Chhou River around inland, which could not be accessed by deep-water vessels. The French colonial administration preferred to use
Saigon , population_density_km2 = 4,292 , population_density_metro_km2 = 697.2 , population_demonym = Saigonese , blank_name = GRP (Nominal) , blank_info = 2019 , blank1_name = – Total , blank1_ ...
for international trade and the Mekong River for further distribution. Thus Cambodia's access to high sea's trade was via the
Mekong The Mekong or Mekong River is a trans-boundary river in East Asia and Southeast Asia. It is the world's List of rivers by length, twelfth longest river and List of longest rivers of Asia, the third longest in Asia. Its estimated length is , ...
which required passage through Vietnamese territory. Independence from France for both Vietnam and Cambodia in 1953 highlighted the need for a Cambodian deep-water port. A number of sites were initially considered suitable for the new facility, including Kampot, the small outpost at
Ream Ream may refer to: * Paper ream, unit of 500 sheets of paper * Ream (surname) * Reamer, tool used to widen a hole * Ream, West Virginia * Ream, the name of Rama in the Khmer version of the Ramayana, the Reamker * Ream National Park, a national pa ...
, and
Sre Ambel Sre Ambel is a town in Koh Kong Province in south-western Cambodia. It is located along National Highway 4 and is 138 kilometres from Koh Kong (city) Khemarak Phoumin ( km, ក្រុងខេមរភូមិន្ទ, lit. 'Royal Khmer' ...
. However, the deep waters off a rocky promontory near Koh Pos at the mouth of the Kampong Som Bay were finally chosen as the site for Cambodia's first ocean port. Construction began in 1955 with US$12 million in funding from the French government and was completed in late-1959. The port was inaugurated in April 1960 by
Louis Jacquinot Louis Jacquinot (16 September 1898 – 14 June 1993) was a French lawyer and politician, and chief of Prime Minister Raymond Poincaré's office. Jacquinot was born in Gondrecourt-le-Château (Meuse) in 1898. Entering parliament in 1932, he lat ...
, the French
Minister of State Minister of State is a title borne by politicians in certain countries governed under a parliamentary system. In some countries a Minister of State is a Junior Minister of government, who is assigned to assist a specific Cabinet Minister. In o ...
. The first
marina A marina (from Spanish , Portuguese and Italian : ''marina'', "coast" or "shore") is a dock or basin with moorings and supplies for yachts and small boats. A marina differs from a port in that a marina does not handle large passenger ships o ...
, near the breakwater island of
Koh Preab Koh Preab, km, កោះព្រាប , "Dove Island", named "Île du Départ" during the French colonial period is an island of Cambodia, situated in the Bay of Kompong Saom Sihanoukville Province near its south-eastern coast. This small i ...
, Sihanoukville, went into service in October 2013.


Traffic

In 2018, the port earned US$8.7 million in profits, up 43% from 2017. It handled 537,107 TEUs, up 17%, totalling 5.2 million
tonne The tonne ( or ; symbol: t) is a unit of mass equal to 1000  kilograms. It is a non-SI unit accepted for use with SI. It is also referred to as a metric ton to distinguish it from the non-metric units of the short ton ( United State ...
s.


See also

*
Government of Cambodia The politics of Cambodia are defined within the framework of a constitutional monarchy, in which the king serves as the head of state, and the prime minister is the head of government. The collapse of communism set in motion events that led to th ...
*
Transport in Cambodia The system of transport in Cambodia, rudimentary at the best of times, was severely damaged in the chaos that engulfed the nation in the latter half of the 20th century. The country's weak transport infrastructure hindered emergency relief eff ...
*
Port authority In Canada and the United States, a port authority (less commonly a port district) is a governmental or quasi-governmental public authority for a special-purpose district usually formed by a legislative body (or bodies) to operate ports and other t ...
*
Port operator A port operator is a port authority or company that contracts with the port authority to move cargo through a port at a contracted minimum level of productivity. They may be state-owned (particularly for port authorities) or privately run. The work ...
* Sihanoukville


References


External links


Sihanoukville Autonomous Port official site

Unofficial Sihanoukville Port site

Marina Oceania
{{authority control Government of Cambodia Transport in Cambodia Sihanoukville (city) Sihanoukville Government agencies of Cambodia