During the
reconquista
The ' ( Spanish, Portuguese and Galician for "reconquest") is a historiographical construction describing the 781-year period in the history of the Iberian Peninsula between the Umayyad conquest of Hispania in 711 and the fall of the N ...
, the siege of
Córdoba (1236) was a successful
investment
Investment is the dedication of money to purchase of an asset to attain an increase in value over a period of time. Investment requires a sacrifice of some present asset, such as time, money, or effort.
In finance, the purpose of investing is ...
by the forces of
Ferdinand III, king of
Castile and
León, marking the end of the Islamic rule over the city that had begun in 711.
In capturing the city, Ferdinand certainly benefited from the rivalry between the two main competing
taifa
The ''taifas'' (singular ''taifa'', from ar, طائفة ''ṭā'ifa'', plural طوائف ''ṭawā'if'', a party, band or faction) were the independent Muslim principalities and kingdoms of the Iberian Peninsula (modern Portugal and Spain), re ...
rulers following the dissolution of the
Almohad
The Almohad Caliphate (; ar, خِلَافَةُ ٱلْمُوَحِّدِينَ or or from ar, ٱلْمُوَحِّدُونَ, translit=al-Muwaḥḥidūn, lit=those who profess the unity of God) was a North African Berber Muslim empire fou ...
authority, itself triggered by the
Battle of Las Navas de Tolosa
The Battle of Las Navas de Tolosa, known in Islamic history as the Battle of Al-Uqab ( ar, معركة العقاب), took place on 16 July 1212 and was an important turning point in the ''Reconquista'' and the medieval history of Spain. The Chris ...
.
The siege however began in unusual circumstances, with little preparation.
Upon receiving information that part of the inhabitants of the eastern quarter of Cordoba—called Ajarquia—were disaffected with their rulers, a handful of
almogávars led by knights acting on their own initiative scaled a tower during a rainy winter night of 1235–1236, and after meeting their contacts inside, they eventually seized control of the neighborhood. The almogávars, some of whom spoke Arabic, were most likely employed as Castilian border guards in the
Andújar
Andújar () is a Spanish municipality of 38,539 people (2005) in the province of Jaén, in Andalusia. The municipality is divided by the Guadalquivir River. The northern part of the municipality is where the Natural Park of the Sierra de Andú ...
region, because this is where they assembled before mounting their daring operation.
The whole episode has been subject to varying interpretations. The ''
Primera Crónica General
Primera may refer to
* Nissan Primera, a car
* Primera Air, a former airline
* Primera división (disambiguation), multiple top division football leagues
* Primera, Texas, a town in Cameron County, Texas
* Alí Primera, Venezuelan musician, compos ...
'' highlighted the heroic act of the leading knights, while later Spanish historian
Julio González emphasized that help from within city walls must have been a significant factor in the success of this takeover, for it met with little opposition in Ajarquia.
After the city fell to Ferdinand, a tower and nearby gate in Ajarquia were named after Alvaro Colodro, a knight who the chronicles record as having led the climb.
The precise date of this ''
coup de main'' is also a bit unclear; it is most likely it happened in last week of 1235.
The Christian soldiers certainly killed a number of the Muslim inhabitants of Ajarquia, and some survivors took refuge in the better-off Al Medina quarter, the sociopolitical center of the city. Because an inner wall separated the two quarters, a bloody standoff followed, with significant losses on both sides, but with neither being able to make significant progress. The Christians however immediately sent word to neighboring border forces, most notably those of
Álvaro Pérez de Castro
Álvaro Pérez de Castro "the Castilian" (died at Orgaz in 1240) was a Castilian nobleman.
Biography
He was the son of Pedro Fernández de Castro and Jimena Gomez, daughter of Gómez González de Manzanedo.
He served as Mayordomo mayor and l ...
, who reinforced them, and they also asked king Ferdinand for help.
What is more certain is that the event took Ferdinand by surprise, as he had concluded a truce with
Ibn Hud. Throwing caution to the wind, Ferdinand rode with a small band of knights to, no more than 100, although they may have been as few as 30 at one point. He arrived at Córdoba on February 7, 1236, after traveling through rainstorms and a flooded country.
References
{{DEFAULTSORT:Cordoba 1236, Siege of
Conflicts in 1236
Battles of the Reconquista
History of Córdoba, Spain
Cordoba 1236
Cordoba 1236
1236 in Europe
13th century in Al-Andalus
13th century in Castile