Siege Of Grave (1586)
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The siege of Grave, also known as the capture of Grave of 1586, took place from mid-February to 7 June 1586 at
Grave A grave is a location where a dead body (typically that of a human, although sometimes that of an animal) is buried or interred after a funeral. Graves are usually located in special areas set aside for the purpose of burial, such as grave ...
,
Duchy of Brabant The Duchy of Brabant was a State of the Holy Roman Empire established in 1183. It developed from the Landgraviate of Brabant and formed the heart of the historic Low Countries, part of the Burgundian Netherlands from 1430 and of the Habsburg Neth ...
,
Low Countries The term Low Countries, also known as the Low Lands ( nl, de Lage Landen, french: les Pays-Bas, lb, déi Niddereg Lännereien) and historically called the Netherlands ( nl, de Nederlanden), Flanders, or Belgica, is a coastal lowland region in N ...
(present-day the
Netherlands ) , anthem = ( en, "William of Nassau") , image_map = , map_caption = , subdivision_type = Sovereign state , subdivision_name = Kingdom of the Netherlands , established_title = Before independence , established_date = Spanish Netherl ...
), between the Spanish army led by Governor-General Don
Alexander Farnese, Prince of Parma Alessandro Farnese (10 January 1635 – 18 February 1689) was an Italian military leader, who was Governor of the Habsburg Netherlands from 1678 until 1682. He is not to be confused with his better known great-grandfather Alexander Farnese, D ...
, and the Dutch-States and English forces under Baron Peter van Hemart, Governor of Grave, during the
Eighty Years' War The Eighty Years' War or Dutch Revolt ( nl, Nederlandse Opstand) ( c.1566/1568–1648) was an armed conflict in the Habsburg Netherlands between disparate groups of rebels and the Spanish government. The causes of the war included the Refo ...
and the
Anglo-Spanish War (1585–1604) The Anglo-Spanish War (1585–1604) was an intermittent conflict between the Habsburg Kingdom of Spain and the Kingdom of England. It was never formally declared. The war included much English privateering against Spanish ships, and several wid ...
.


Events

Alexander Farnese wanted to In February of 1586, the Count Peter Ernst of Mansfeld, by order of Alexander Farnese, laid siege to the town of Grave.Giménez Martín p.188 After little more than a month, and the impossibility of the English and Dutch forces relieving the city, Grave surrendered to the Spaniards on 7 June. The capture of the strategically important town of Grave by Parma, and the impotence of the English commander Sir
Robert Dudley, Earl of Leicester Robert Dudley, 1st Earl of Leicester, (24 June 1532 – 4 September 1588) was an English statesman and the favourite of Elizabeth I from her accession until his death. He was a suitor for the queen's hand for many years. Dudley's youth was ov ...
, to relieve the town, in a time where
England England is a country that is part of the United Kingdom. It shares land borders with Wales to its west and Scotland to its north. The Irish Sea lies northwest and the Celtic Sea to the southwest. It is separated from continental Europe b ...
had raised hopes to the Dutch rebels thanks to the
Treaty of Nonsuch The Treaty of Nonsuch was signed on 10 August 1585 by Elizabeth I of England and the Dutch rebels fighting against Spanish rule. It was the first international treaty signed by what would become the Dutch Republic. It was signed at Nonsuch Palac ...
, was a complete military and political success for the Spanish authorities, and a severe blow for the Protestant cause, provoking the start of the disagreements of the
States-General of the Netherlands The States General of the Netherlands ( nl, Staten-Generaal ) is the supreme bicameral legislature of the Netherlands consisting of the Senate () and the House of Representatives (). Both chambers meet at the Binnenhof in The Hague. The States ...
with the Earl of Leicester.J.D. Tracy. ''The Founding of the Dutch Republic'' (2008) A few days later, the Spanish army, commanded by the Prince of Parma, laid siege to
Venlo Venlo () is a List of cities in the Netherlands by province, city and List of municipalities of the Netherlands, municipality in the southeastern Netherlands, close to the border with Germany. It is situated in the province of Limburg (Netherland ...
, garrisoned and supported by
Dutch Dutch commonly refers to: * Something of, from, or related to the Netherlands * Dutch people () * Dutch language () Dutch may also refer to: Places * Dutch, West Virginia, a community in the United States * Pennsylvania Dutch Country People E ...
and
English English usually refers to: * English language * English people English may also refer to: Peoples, culture, and language * ''English'', an adjective for something of, from, or related to England ** English national ide ...
troops led by Maarten Schenck and Sir
Roger Williams Roger Williams (21 September 1603between 27 January and 15 March 1683) was an English-born New England Puritan minister, theologian, and author who founded Providence Plantations, which became the Colony of Rhode Island and Providence Plantation ...
.John Lothrop Motley. ''History of the United Netherlands: from the death of William the Silent to the Synod of Dort''. p.326
/ref> On 28 June 1586 the garrison was forced to capitulate to the Spaniards.Hume & Lingard p.52


See also

*
Battle of Empel The Miracle of Empel (''Milagro de Empel'' in Spanish) was an unexpected Spanish victory on December 8, 1585, near Empel, in the Netherlands, as part of the Eighty Years' War, in which a surrounded Spanish force won against an enemy who excee ...
*
Battle of Boksum The Battle of Boksum (17 January 1586) was a battle during the Eighty Years' War between a Spanish and a Dutch rebel army (largely composed of Frisians) commanded by Steen Maltesen Sehested, a Danish officer. On 13 January 1586 a Spanish arm ...
*
Siege of Venlo (1586) The siege of Venlo of 1586, also known as the Capture of Venlo, was a Spanish victory that took place on June 28, 1586, at the city of Venlo, in the southeastern of Low Countries, near the German border (present-day Province of Limburg, the Net ...
*
Destruction of Neuss The Destruction of Neuss occurred in July 1586, during the Cologne War. Alexander Farnese, Duke of Parma's troops surrounded the city of Neuss, an important Protestant garrison in the Electorate of Cologne. After the city refused to capitulate, ...
*
Treaty of Nonsuch The Treaty of Nonsuch was signed on 10 August 1585 by Elizabeth I of England and the Dutch rebels fighting against Spanish rule. It was the first international treaty signed by what would become the Dutch Republic. It was signed at Nonsuch Palac ...


Notes


References

* Darby, Graham. ''The Origins and Development of the Dutch Revolt''. First published 2001. London. * Black, Jeremy. ''European Warfare 1494-1660''. Routledge Publishing 2002. * Motley, John Lothrop. ''History of the United Netherlands: from the death of William the Silent to the Synod of Dort''. Rotterdam 1872. ** David Hume & John Lingard. ''The History of * Giménez Martín, Juan. ''Tercios de Flandes''. Ediciones Falcata Ibérica. First edition 1999, Madrid. England: From the Invasion of Julius Caesar to the Revolution in 1688''. Vol II. Philadelphia 1859. * Tracy, J.D. (2008). ''The Founding of the Dutch Republic: War, Finance, and Politics in Holland 1572–1588''. Oxford University Press.


External links


''Tercios de Flandes'' by Juan Giménez Martín
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Grave A grave is a location where a dead body (typically that of a human, although sometimes that of an animal) is buried or interred after a funeral. Graves are usually located in special areas set aside for the purpose of burial, such as grave ...
1586 in the Dutch Republic 1586 in the Habsburg Netherlands 16th-century military history of the Kingdom of England 16th-century military history of Spain Grave (1586) Eighty Years' War (1566–1609) Grave (1586) Grave (1586) Grave (1586) Grave (1586)
Grave A grave is a location where a dead body (typically that of a human, although sometimes that of an animal) is buried or interred after a funeral. Graves are usually located in special areas set aside for the purpose of burial, such as grave ...
History of Land van Cuijk