The Massacre at Madéfalva took place at Csík-Mádéfalva,
Grand Principality of Transylvania (today
Siculeni in
Romania
Romania ( ; ro, România ) is a country located at the crossroads of Central Europe, Central, Eastern Europe, Eastern, and Southeast Europe, Southeastern Europe. It borders Bulgaria to the south, Ukraine to the north, Hungary to the west, S ...
). In
Latin
Latin (, or , ) is a classical language belonging to the Italic languages, Italic branch of the Indo-European languages. Latin was originally a dialect spoken in the lower Tiber area (then known as Latium) around present-day Rome, but through ...
''Siculicidium'' "murder of
Székelys
The Székelys (, Székely runes: 𐳥𐳋𐳓𐳉𐳗), also referred to as Szeklers,; ro, secui; german: Szekler; la, Siculi; sr, Секељи, Sekelji; sk, Sikuli are a Hungarian subgroup living mostly in the Székely Land in Romania. ...
" was a
mass murder
Mass murder is the act of murdering a number of people, typically simultaneously or over a relatively short period of time and in close geographic proximity. The United States Congress defines mass killings as the killings of three or more pe ...
committed against Székelys by the
Habsburg
The House of Habsburg (), alternatively spelled Hapsburg in Englishgerman: Haus Habsburg, ; es, Casa de Habsburgo; hu, Habsburg család, it, Casa di Asburgo, nl, Huis van Habsburg, pl, dom Habsburgów, pt, Casa de Habsburgo, la, Domus Hab ...
army in 1764, under
Maria Theresa
Maria Theresa Walburga Amalia Christina (german: Maria Theresia; 13 May 1717 – 29 November 1780) was ruler of the Habsburg dominions from 1740 until her death in 1780, and the only woman to hold the position '' suo jure'' (in her own right) ...
.
History
In 1763, the Court of
Vienna
en, Viennese
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, registration_plate = W
, postal_code_type = Postal code
, postal_code =
, timezone = CET
, utc_offset = +1
, timezone_DST ...
entrusted general
Adolf Nikolaus von Buccow to set up three Székely and two
Romanian
Romanian may refer to:
*anything of, from, or related to the country and nation of Romania
** Romanians, an ethnic group
**Romanian language, a Romance language
***Romanian dialects, variants of the Romanian language
**Romanian cuisine, traditiona ...
regiments to patrol the borders. However, the Székelys were unwilling to give up their hundred-year tradition of soldiering and their
privileges. Thus, they resisted the forced military draft and organized a revolt against it. Maria Theresa appointed a new general,
Joseph von Siskovics, who commanded his soldiers to attack Csík-Madéfalva (present-day
Siculeni), where the Székely leaders were supposed to meet in a council. It was under the darkness of the snowy night of January 7, 1764 that the Habsburg soldiers entered the village and massacred about 400 unsuspecting people, including women and children.
Consequences
The following days, the Székely leaders were captured and impeached, while thousands of terrified Székelys started to migrate to
Moldavia
Moldavia ( ro, Moldova, or , literally "The Country of Moldavia"; in Romanian Cyrillic: or ; chu, Землѧ Молдавскаѧ; el, Ἡγεμονία τῆς Μολδαβίας) is a historical region and former principality in Centr ...
, where they took refuge in the villages of the
Csángómagyars who had been living there for centuries. In 1774, the Habsburg soldiers took control of an area of Moldavia that would eventually be named
Bukovina
Bukovinagerman: Bukowina or ; hu, Bukovina; pl, Bukowina; ro, Bucovina; uk, Буковина, ; see also other languages. is a historical region, variously described as part of either Central or Eastern Europe (or both).Klaus Peter Berge ...
and – after the intervention of Count
András Hadik – they pardoned the Székelys there and settled them down. There, the Székelys founded settlements of their own. The five villages of the
Székelys of Bukovina were: Istensegíts ("God help us!", now
Ţibeni, 1776), Fogadjisten ("Accept God's will!", now
Iacobești), Józseffalva (now
Vornicenii Mari, 1785), Hadikfalva (now
Dornești) and Andrásfalva (
Măneuţi, 1786).
Commemorations
The events remained vivid in the Székely collective memory: in 1905, an obelisk was erected at
Madéfalva
Siculeni ( hu, Madéfalva, Hungarian pronunciation: ) is a commune in Harghita County, Romania. It lies in the Székely Land, an ethno-cultural region in eastern Transylvania. The Siculicidium took place here.
The commune is composed of a single ...
,
on its top carrying a
Turul-bird with the wings spread. At the bottom of the stone-pyramid there is a plate with the word ''SICVLICIDIVM'' on it (oddly enough, adding up the values of the letters as
Roman numerals
Roman numerals are a numeral system that originated in ancient Rome and remained the usual way of writing numbers throughout Europe well into the Late Middle Ages. Numbers are written with combinations of letters from the Latin alphabet, ...
, the result is exactly the year of the massacre).
Since the
Székelys of Bukovina came into existence as a consequence of the events of January 7, 1764, they celebrate this day as the community's birthday.
See also
*
History of the Székely people
The history of the Székely people (a subgroup of the Hungarians in Romania) can be documented from the 12th century. According to medieval chronicles, the Székelys were descended from the Huns who settled in the Carpathian Basin in the 5th centu ...
References
{{reflist
1764 in Europe
Massacres of Hungarians
Draft evasion
History of Transylvania (1683–1848)
Massacres in Europe
Massacres of ethnic groups
Mass murder in Europe
Persecution
Székelys
Massacres in 1764
1764 murders in Europe