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The Shinwari () is an ethnic
Pashtun Pashtuns (, , ; ps, پښتانه, ), also known as Pakhtuns or Pathans, are an Iranian ethnic group who are native to the geographic region of Pashtunistan in the present-day countries of Afghanistan and Pakistan. They were historically r ...
tribe The term tribe is used in many different contexts to refer to a category of human social group. The predominant worldwide usage of the term in English is in the discipline of anthropology. This definition is contested, in part due to confl ...
of
Afghanistan Afghanistan, officially the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan,; prs, امارت اسلامی افغانستان is a landlocked country located at the crossroads of Central Asia and South Asia. Referred to as the Heart of Asia, it is borde ...
. Among the greatest poets of the
Pashto language Pashto (,; , ) is an Eastern Iranian language in the Indo-European language family. It is known in historical Persian literature as Afghani (). Spoken as a native language mostly by ethnic Pashtuns, it is one of the two official langua ...
in the 20th century was the late Ameer Hamza Shinwari, also known as "Hamza Baba". The Shinwari tribe is son of Kasi Pashtun tribe settled in the southern districts of Nangarhar Province, in Haska Meyna, Achin, Rodat, Bati Kot, Kot, Chaprahar,
Shinwar Shinwar ( ps, شينوار ولسوالۍ, fa, ولسوالی شینوار) is a district in Nangarhar Province, Afghanistan. It is on the main highway from Jalalabad to the Torkham border crossing. Its population, which is 100% Pashtun, was est ...
, Dor Baba and Nazian districts. A major portion of the tribe is centered in Jalalabad and Parwan province of Afghanistan. These Shinwaris are mostly traders and businessmen. There are about 2000 to 3000 Shinwaris settled in village Ali zai, 15 km away from kohat. Mirdad Khel, a sub-tribe of the Shinwaris, migrated to Swat Valley in 1750s and settled there among them one of the Notable Shinwari is senator Abdul Rahim Mirdad Khel. In Afghanistan, the Shinwari are also located in Kunar province. Reporting from 2010 states that there are around 400,000 Shinwari in Afghanistan.


Location

The Shinwari tribe is settled in the southern districts of Nangarhar Province, in Haska Meyna, Achin, Rodat, Bati Kot, Kot, Chaprahar,
Shinwar Shinwar ( ps, شينوار ولسوالۍ, fa, ولسوالی شینوار) is a district in Nangarhar Province, Afghanistan. It is on the main highway from Jalalabad to the Torkham border crossing. Its population, which is 100% Pashtun, was est ...
, Dor Baba and Nazian districts. A major portion of this tribe is also settled between Landi Kotal (Pakistan) and Jalalabad (Afghanistan), as well as in Parwan province of Afghanistan where they are concentrated in Shinwari, Ghorband, and Jabalussaraj districts. These Shinwaris are mostly traders and businessmen. There is also a significant minority of the tribe settled in
Kohat and Hangu Kohat ( ps, کوهاټ; ur, ) is a city that serves as the capital of the Kohat District in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. It is regarded as a centre of the Bangash tribe of Pashtuns, who have lived in the region since the late 15th century ...
(Jangal Khel, Haji Abad, Mohallah Sangirh), Pakistan, a settlement 60 km south of
Peshawar Peshawar (; ps, پېښور ; hnd, ; ; ur, ) is the sixth most populous city in Pakistan, with a population of over 2.3 million. It is situated in the north-west of the country, close to the International border with Afghanistan. It is ...
. In Afghanistan, the Shinwari are also located in Kunar province Bajawr agency and Lower Dir. At lower Dir, Village Munjai contains a huge dominant population of Shinwari Tribe, which had migrated from Afghanistan to Chamrakand( Momand agency and Bajaour Agency) in 1890s and settled in the fertile land of Munjai Village Dir Lower. Reporting from 2010 states that there are around 400,000 Shinwari in Afghanistan. The elders of the Shinwari tribe in Nangarhar signed a pact, uniting against the Taliban. They promised that anyone supporting the Taliban, would be punished with fines and expulsion. This pact, which per ''The Times'' "appears to be the first" incident of an entire tribe declaring war against the Taliban, has invited comparison with the
Sunni Awakening The Sons of Iraq ( ar, أبناء العراق ''Abnāʼ al-ʻIrāq'') were coalitions between tribal sheikhs in the Al Anbar province in Iraq as well as former Saddam Hussein's Iraqi military officers that united in 2005 to maintain stability ...
of 2006, which tipped the balance of power in Iraq against the Sunni insurgency. The pact also had economic implications that America offered over in development funding. Further, reports suggested the Shinwari were against Taliban interference with their traditional smuggling routes across the Pakistani border. The security situation in Haska Mena is going worse day by day due to increased number of Taliban insurgents Groups Operating in Naria Aubo Village, Papen Village, Dara Village, Aughuz Village and other remote village of the districts, In December 2014, Most of the Taliban Groups have changed from Taliban to ISIS (DAESH) carrying out insurgent activities under the direct order of Abdul Khaliq, Who is the head of Taliban in Haska Mena. Several peoples were killed and Injured during their insurgent activities in Haska Mena District, The most common are: * Killing of General Kafee in Haska Mena due to his work with Ministry of Defence of Afghanistan in Jalalabad city. * Killing of Masjid Mullah in Kutawal Village Haska Mena during night time. * Kidnapping of Deputy District Governor of Nanagerhar Province "Mr. Nazifullah" but later on released due to the intervention of district elders. * Kidnapping and persecution of USAID contract driver "MR Baitullah" in Haska Mena District due to working with US government agencies, he was beaten, injured and wounded by cutting his right hand three fingers so that he can be not able to drive any more for USAID Missions in Haska Mena. Later on he was also released on the intervention of the elder by the promise that he will not work anymore for any USAID or other government agencies. The district government was also unable to provide protection and help to this kind of peoples. * Some Sub tribes of Shinwaries (Mirdad Khel) Migrated to Swat state in 1935 and then settled there.


History


British assessment (1885)

In 1885, a British author described the Shinwari ("Shanwari" in his text): :''The ''Shanwari'' inhabit a portion of the Khaibar mountains, some of the eastern valleys of the Safed Koh, and are also found on the borders of Bajawar. They have five sections - Mandizai/Manduzai, Abdul Rahim, Sangu, Sipai, and Ali Sher. They have been continuously predatory since the British approached their borders. They are the most industrious carriers between Peshawur and the other marts on the way to Kabul, using mules and camels for carriage. They are brave, hospitable, stalwart and hardworking. They are well-educated people''


Role in the Khost Rebellion

During the Khost rebellion, the Shinwari aligned themselves with the Afghan Government and helped quell the revolt.


Role in 1929 Afghan Civil War

During the late 1928 riots, the Shinwari tribe were the first to openly rebel against king
Amanullah Khan Ghazi Amanullah Khan (Pashto and Dari: ; 1 June 1892 – 25 April 1960) was the sovereign of Afghanistan from 1919, first as Emir and after 1926 as King, until his abdication in 1929. After the end of the Third Anglo-Afghan War in August 1 ...
's imposition of various new laws, including the requirement to wear European dress, the rule that required them to send a quota of their daughters to Kabul for education and the impositions of taxes (they had never previously paid tax). The Shinwaris attacked Jalalabad, cutting off its water supply and closing the Kabul–Peshawar road. Amanullah responded by using his fledgling
Air Force An air force – in the broadest sense – is the national military branch that primarily conducts aerial warfare. More specifically, it is the branch of a nation's armed services that is responsible for aerial warfare as distinct from an ...
, including Soviet pilots, to bomb the Shinwaris. The use of foreign "infidels" to subjugate Muslims roused other tribes to revolt and the country descended into what would become the 1929 Afghan Civil War.


Shinwari-tribe

The Shinwaris are derived from the
Kasi tribe Kasi or Kassi ( ps, کاسي) is a Pashtun tribe from the Sarbani tribal confederacy, primarily found in Quetta, Pakistan and Nangarhar, Afghanistan. Other sub tribes such as Sherani, Kehthran and Hassani in Zhob and Barkan also belong to the Kasi ...
, and are further distributed into sub-tribes:


Notable Shinwari

* Ghalib Hassan, leader in the anti-Taliban resistance under Abdul Haq, appointed District Commander of
Shinwar, Afghanistan Shinwar ( ps, شينوار ولسوالۍ, fa, ولسوالی شینوار) is a district in Nangarhar Province, Afghanistan. It is on the main highway from Jalalabad to the Torkham border crossing. Its population, which is 100% Pashtun, was est ...
by
Hamid Karzai Hamid Karzai (; Pashto/ fa, حامد کرزی, , ; born 24 December 1957) is an Afghan statesman who served as the fourth president of Afghanistan from July 2002 to September 2014, including as the first elected president of the Islamic Repub ...
, held in extrajudicial detention in the
United States The United States of America (U.S.A. or USA), commonly known as the United States (U.S. or US) or America, is a country Continental United States, primarily located in North America. It consists of 50 U.S. state, states, a Washington, D.C., ...
' Guantanamo Bay detention camps, in
Cuba Cuba ( , ), officially the Republic of Cuba ( es, República de Cuba, links=no ), is an island country comprising the island of Cuba, as well as Isla de la Juventud and several minor archipelagos. Cuba is located where the northern Caribb ...
* Rashid Khan Arman, sportsman, member of the Afghanistan national cricket team from Nangarhar * Abdul Qayum Sher, Pakistan Army war hero * Amir Hamza Shinwari, poet * Faisal Ahmad Shinwari, Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of Afghanistan 2001–2006 *
Malalai Shinwari Malalai Shinwari ( ps, ملالی شینوارۍ ) is a member of the Wolesi Jirga for Kabul Province, Afghanistan. Shinwari was a journalist prior to running for office. Shinwari ranked first in votes among female candidates in Kabul. She h ...
, advocate * Rafiq Shinwari, singer *
Samiullah Shinwari Samiullah Shinwari ( ps, سميع الله شينواري; born 31 December 1987) is an Afghan cricketer who represents Afghanistan in international level. He is a right-handed batsman and part-time leg break bowler. He made his international ...
, sportsman, member of the Afghanistan national cricket team * Usman Khan Shinwari, sportsman, member of the Pakistan national cricket team. * Prof. Dr. Zabta Khan Shinwari, Pakistani botanist and researcher.


See also

* Demographics of Pakistan


References

* 7. http://www.rawa.org/temp/runews/rawanews.php?id=656 8. http://afghanistantimes.af/old/news_details.php?page=8&id=9738&&cid=3 9. http://www.pajhwok.com/en/search/site/%22haska%22 10. https://sites.google.com/site/wwwbomnaforg/all-news-updates/news-updates-december-2013/clasheskill4ineafghanistan 11. http://www.kuna.net.kw/ArticleDetails.aspx?id=2348647&Language=en http://edition.cnn.com/2015/04/06/asia/npw-isis-reach-in-afghanistan/index.html {{DEFAULTSORT:Shinwari Tribe Sarbani Pashtun tribes Ethnic groups in Nangarhar Province Ethnic groups in Kunar Province Social groups of Pakistan