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were officials of the
Tokugawa shogunate The Tokugawa shogunate (, Japanese 徳川幕府 ''Tokugawa bakufu''), also known as the , was the military government of Japan during the Edo period from 1603 to 1868. Nussbaum, Louis-Frédéric. (2005)"''Tokugawa-jidai''"in ''Japan Encyclopedia ...
These ''
bakufu , officially , was the title of the military dictators of Japan during most of the period spanning from 1185 to 1868. Nominally appointed by the Emperor, shoguns were usually the de facto rulers of the country, though during part of the Kamakura ...
'' appointees were responsible for administration of the port of Shimoda and foreign trade in the area. This office was created in 1842, and it was held by two '' fudai
daimyō were powerful Japanese magnates, feudal lords who, from the 10th century to the early Meiji period in the middle 19th century, ruled most of Japan from their vast, hereditary land holdings. They were subordinate to the shogun and nominal ...
'' who were appointed concurrently. At any given time, one would normally be in residence at Shimoda, and the other would be in Edo as part of an alternating pattern.Beasley, William G. (1955). ''Select Documents on Japanese Foreign Policy, 1853–1868'', p. 329. Conventional interpretations have construed these Japanese titles as "commissioner" or "overseer" or "governor". The number of men holding the title concurrently varied over time, fluctuating from as few as five in 1859 to as many as nine.


List of Shimoda bugyō

: * Toki Yorimune, 1843–1844. * Izawa Masayoshi, 1854–1855. * Inoue Kiyonao, 1855–1859.Beasley, p. 333.


See also

*
Bugyō was a title assigned to '' samurai'' officials during the feudal period of Japan. ''Bugyō'' is often translated as commissioner, magistrate, or governor, and other terms would be added to the title to describe more specifically a given offic ...


Notes


References

* Beasley, William G. (1955)
''Select Documents on Japanese Foreign Policy, 1853–1868''.
London:
Oxford University Press Oxford University Press (OUP) is the university press of the University of Oxford. It is the largest university press in the world, and its printing history dates back to the 1480s. Having been officially granted the legal right to print books ...
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