Settlement movement ( he, תנועת התיישבות) is a term used in
Israel
Israel (; he, יִשְׂרָאֵל, ; ar, إِسْرَائِيل, ), officially the State of Israel ( he, מְדִינַת יִשְׂרָאֵל, label=none, translit=Medīnat Yīsrāʾēl; ), is a country in Western Asia. It is situated ...
to describe national umbrella
organisations for
kibbutz
A kibbutz ( he, קִבּוּץ / , lit. "gathering, clustering"; plural: kibbutzim / ) is an intentional community in Israel that was traditionally based on agriculture. The first kibbutz, established in 1909, was Degania. Today, farming ...
im,
moshav
A moshav ( he, מוֹשָׁב, plural ', lit. ''settlement, village'') is a type of Israeli town or settlement, in particular a type of cooperative agricultural community of individual farms pioneered by the Labour Zionists between 1904 an ...
im,
moshavim shitufiim, and
community settlements
A community is a social unit (a group of living things) with commonality such as place, norms, religion, values, customs, or identity. Communities may share a sense of place situated in a given geographical area (e.g. a country, village, tow ...
. It is not related to the term
Israeli settlement
Israeli settlements, or Israeli colonies, are civilian communities inhabited by Israeli citizens, overwhelmingly of Jewish ethnicity, built on lands occupied by Israel in the 1967 Six-Day War. The international community considers Israeli se ...
, which denotes settlements outside the
Green Line.
Most kibbutzim are members of either the
Kibbutz Movement
The Kibbutz Movement ( he, התנועה הקיבוצית, ''HaTnu'a HaKibbutzit'') is the largest settlement movement for kibbutzim in Israel. It was formed in 1999 by a partial merger of the United Kibbutz Movement and Kibbutz Artzi and is made u ...
or the
Religious Kibbutz Movement
The Religious Kibbutz Movement ( he, הקיבוץ הדתי, ''HaKibbutz HaDati'') is an organizational framework for Orthodox kibbutzim in Israel. Its membership includes 22 communities, 16 of them traditional kibbutzim, and 6 others in the cat ...
, whilst most moshavim and community settlements are divided between the
Moshavim Movement,
Mishkei Herut Beitar, the
Agricultural Union
The Agricultural Union ( he, האיחוד החקלאי, ''HaIhud HaHakla'i'') is a settlement movement in Israel for agricultural villages, which includes several moshavim and community settlement. It also has a youth movement founded in 1978.
Me ...
and
HaOved HaTzioni. Many religious moshavim are affiliated with
Hapoel HaMizrachi
Hapoel HaMizrachi ( he, הַפּוֹעֵל הַמִּזְרָחִי, lit. '' Mizrachi Workers'') was a political party and settlement movement in Israel. It was one of the predecessors of the National Religious Party and the Jewish Home.
History ...
or
Poalei Agudat Yisrael movements. Moshavim established after 1967 in the
West Bank
The West Bank ( ar, الضفة الغربية, translit=aḍ-Ḍiffah al-Ġarbiyyah; he, הגדה המערבית, translit=HaGadah HaMaʽaravit, also referred to by some Israelis as ) is a landlocked territory near the coast of the Mediter ...
, outside the Green Line, are typically affiliated with
Amana.
In the past there were several other organisations; the Kibbutz Movement was formed by a merger of the
United Kibbutz Movement and
Kibbutz Artzi in 1999, the former also formed by a merger of
HaKibbutz HaMeuhad and
Ihud HaKvutzot veHaKibbutzim
The Kibbutz Movement ( he, התנועה הקיבוצית, ''HaTnu'a HaKibbutzit'') is the largest settlement movement for kibbutzim in Israel. It was formed in 1999 by a partial merger of the United Kibbutz Movement and Kibbutz Artzi and is made u ...
in 1981. Most of the former organisations had political affiliations; HaKibbutz HaMeuhad was aligned with
Ahdut HaAvoda
Ahdut HaAvoda ( he, אַחְדוּת הַעֲבוֹדָה, lit. ''Labour Unity'') was the name used by a series of political parties. Ahdut HaAvoda in its first incarnation was led by David Ben-Gurion. It was first established during the period ...
and Ihud HaKvutzot veHaKibbutzim with
Mapai
Mapai ( he, מַפָּא"י, an acronym for , ''Mifleget Poalei Eretz Yisrael'', lit. "Workers' Party of the Land of Israel") was a democratic socialist political party in Israel, and was the dominant force in Israeli politics until its merger i ...
and
Labour.
To the extent that kibbutzim, moshavim, and moshavim shitufiim are
agricultural cooperatives
An agricultural cooperative, also known as a farmers' co-op, is a cooperative in which farmers pool their resources in certain areas of activity.
A broad typology of agricultural cooperatives distinguishes between agricultural service cooperativ ...
based on individual membership, the national settlement movements in Israel are viewed as
secondary cooperatives or
cooperative federations, whose members are lower-level primary cooperatives.
{{Israeli settlement movements
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