The Season of the Emergence ( egy, Prt) was the second season of the lunar and civil Egyptian calendars. It fell after the

Season of the Inundation The Season of the Inundation or Flood ( egy, Ꜣḫt) was the first season of the lunar and civil Egyptian calendars. It fell after the intercalary month of Days over the Year ('). and before the Season of the Emergence ('). In the modern Copti ...

(') and before the

Season of the Harvest The Season of the Harvest or Low Water was the third and final season of the lunar and civil Egyptian calendars. It fell after the Season of the Emergence (') and before the spiritually dangerous intercalary month ('), after which the New Year's ...

('). In the modern Coptic calendar, the season falls between

Paopi 10 Paopi 9 - Coptic Calendar - Paopi 11 The tenth day of the Coptic month of Paopi, the second month of the Coptic year. On a common year, this day corresponds to October 7, of the Julian Calendar, and October 20, of the Gregorian Calendar. This d ...

and

Tobi 10 Tobi 9 - Coptic Calendar - Tobi 11 The tenth day of the Coptic month of Tobi, the fifth month of the Coptic year. On a common year, this day corresponds to January 5, of the Julian Calendar, and January 18, of the Gregorian Calendar. This is the ...

Names

The pronunciation of the Ancient Egyptian name for the Season of the Emergence is uncertain as the hieroglyphs do not record its vowels. It is conventionally transliterated Peret or Proyet. The name refers to the emergence of the fertile land beside the

Nile The Nile, , Bohairic , lg, Kiira , Nobiin language, Nobiin: Áman Dawū is a major north-flowing river in northeastern Africa. It flows into the Mediterranean Sea. The Nile is the longest river in Africa and has historically been considered ...

from its annual flood and to the growth of vegetation and crops over the following season. It is also known as Winter.

Lunar calendar

In the lunar calendar, the intercalary month was added as needed to maintain the heliacal rising of

Sirius Sirius is the list of brightest stars, brightest star in the night sky. Its name is derived from the Ancient Greek language, Greek word , or , meaning 'glowing' or 'scorching'. The star is designated α Canis Majoris, Latinisation ...

in the fourth month of the

. This meant that the Season of the Emergence usually lasted from January to May. Because the precise timing of the flood varied, the months of "Emergence" no longer precisely reflected the state of the river but the season was usually the time for the planting and growth of Egyptian grain.

Civil calendar

In the civil calendar, the lack of leap years into the

Ptolemaic Ptolemaic is the adjective formed from the name Ptolemy, and may refer to: Pertaining to the Ptolemaic dynasty * Ptolemaic dynasty, the Macedonian Greek dynasty that ruled Egypt founded in 305 BC by Ptolemy I Soter * Ptolemaic Kingdom Pertaining ...

and Roman periods meant the season lost about one day every four years and was not stable relative to the

solar year A tropical year or solar year (or tropical period) is the time that the Sun takes to return to the same position in the sky of a celestial body of the Solar System such as the Earth, completing a full cycle of seasons; for example, the time f ...

Gregorian calendar The Gregorian calendar is the calendar used in most parts of the world. It was introduced in October 1582 by Pope Gregory XIII as a modification of, and replacement for, the Julian calendar. The principal change was to space leap years dif ...

Months

The Season of the Emergence was divided into four months. In the lunar calendar, each began on a dawn when the waning crescent moon was no longer visible. In the civil calendar, each consisted of exactly 30 days. divided into three 10-day weeks known as

decans The decans (; Egyptian ''bꜣktw'' or ''baktiu'', "hoseconnected with work") are 36 groups of stars (small constellations) used in the ancient Egyptian astronomy to conveniently divide the 360 degree ecliptic into 36 parts of 10 degrees each, bo ...

. In ancient Egypt, these months were usually recorded by their number within the season: I, II, III, and IV ''Prt''. They were also known by the names of their principal festivals, which came to be increasingly used after the Persian occupation. These then became the basis for the names of the months of the Coptic calendar. In the modern Coptic calendar, the season falls between

and

Notes

References