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The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to science fiction:
Science fiction Science fiction (sometimes shortened to Sci-Fi or SF) is a genre of speculative fiction which typically deals with imaginative and futuristic concepts such as advanced science and technology, space exploration, time travel, parallel uni ...
– a
genre Genre () is any form or type of communication in any mode (written, spoken, digital, artistic, etc.) with socially-agreed-upon conventions developed over time. In popular usage, it normally describes a category of literature, music, or other f ...
of
fiction Fiction is any creative work, chiefly any narrative work, portraying individuals, events, or places that are imaginary, or in ways that are imaginary. Fictional portrayals are thus inconsistent with history, fact, or plausibility. In a tradi ...
dealing with the impact of imagined innovations in science or technology, often in a futuristic setting. Exploring the consequences of such innovations is the traditional purpose of science fiction, making it a "literature of ideas".


What is science fiction?

* Definitions of science fiction: Science fiction includes such a wide range of themes and subgenres that it is notoriously difficult to define. Accordingly, there have been many definitions offered. Another challenge is that there is disagreement over where to draw the boundaries between science fiction and related genres. Science fiction is a type of: *
Fiction Fiction is any creative work, chiefly any narrative work, portraying individuals, events, or places that are imaginary, or in ways that are imaginary. Fictional portrayals are thus inconsistent with history, fact, or plausibility. In a tradi ...
 – form of narrative which deals, in part or in whole, with events that are not factual, but rather, imaginary and invented by its author(s). Although fiction often describes a major branch of literary work, it is also applied to theatrical, cinematic, and musical work. **
Genre fiction Genre fiction, also known as popular fiction, is a term used in the book-trade for fictional works written with the intent of fitting into a specific literary genre, in order to appeal to readers and fans already familiar with that genre. A nu ...
– fictional works (novels, short stories) written with the intent of fitting into a specific literary genre in order to appeal to readers and fans already familiar with that genre. Also known as popular fiction. **
Speculative fiction Speculative fiction is a term that has been used with a variety of (sometimes contradictory) meanings. The broadest interpretation is as a category of fiction encompassing genres with elements that do not exist in reality, recorded history, nat ...
*
Genre Genre () is any form or type of communication in any mode (written, spoken, digital, artistic, etc.) with socially-agreed-upon conventions developed over time. In popular usage, it normally describes a category of literature, music, or other f ...
 – science fiction is a genre of fiction.


Genres

Science fiction genre – while science fiction is a genre of fiction, a science fiction genre is a subgenre within science fiction. Science fiction may be divided along any number of overlapping axes. Gary K. Wolfe's ''Critical Terms for Science Fiction and Fantasy'' identifies over 30 subdivisions of science fiction, not including
science fantasy Science fantasy is a hybrid genre within speculative fiction that simultaneously draws upon or combines tropes and elements from both science fiction and fantasy. In a conventional science fiction story, the world is presented as being scient ...
(which is a
mixed genre A hybrid genre is a literary genre that blends themes and elements from two or more different genres. Works in hybrid genres are often referred to as cross-genre, multi-genre, mixed genre, or fusion genre. Hybrid genres are a longstanding element ...
).


Science

Genres concerning the emphasis, accuracy, and type of
science Science is a systematic endeavor that builds and organizes knowledge in the form of testable explanations and predictions about the universe. Science may be as old as the human species, and some of the earliest archeological evidence ...
described include: *
Hard science fiction Hard science fiction is a category of science fiction characterized by concern for scientific accuracy and logic. The term was first used in print in 1957 by P. Schuyler Miller in a review of John W. Campbell's ''Islands of Space'' in the Novemb ...
—a particular emphasis on scientific detail and/or accuracy. *
Mundane science fiction Mundane science fiction (MSF) is a niche literary movement within science fiction that developed in the early 2000s, with principles codified by the "Mundane Manifesto"Geoff Ryman ''et al''. (2004), "The Mundane Manifesto". The manifesto was or ...
—a subgenre of hard sci-fi which sets stories on Earth or the Solar System using current or plausible technology. * Soft science fiction—focus on human characters and their relations and feelings, often exploring psychology, sociology, anthropology, and political science, while de-emphasizing the details of technological hardware and physical laws. In some cases, science and technology are depicted without much concern for accuracy.


Characteristics

Themes Theme or themes may refer to: * Theme (arts), the unifying subject or idea of the type of visual work * Theme (Byzantine district), an administrative district in the Byzantine Empire governed by a Strategos * Theme (computing), a custom graphical ...
related to science, technology, space and the future, as well as characteristic plots or settings include: * Apocalyptic and post-apocalyptic science fiction *
Biopunk Biopunk (a portmanteau of "biotechnology" or "biology" and "punk") is a subgenre of science fiction that focuses on biotechnology. It is derived from cyberpunk, but focuses on the implications of biotechnology rather than mechanical cyberware ...
— centered around
biotechnology Biotechnology is the integration of natural sciences and engineering sciences in order to achieve the application of organisms, cells, parts thereof and molecular analogues for products and services. The term ''biotechnology'' was first used ...
and
genetic engineering Genetic engineering, also called genetic modification or genetic manipulation, is the modification and manipulation of an organism's genes using technology. It is a set of technologies used to change the genetic makeup of cells, including ...
in general, biopunk uses some both (post)cyberpunk elements and post-modernist prose to describe a typically dystopian world of biohackers, man-made viruses, mutations,
designer babies A designer baby is a baby whose genetic makeup has been selected or altered, often to not include a particular gene or to remove genes associated with disease. This process usually involves analysing a wide range of human embryos to identify gen ...
,
artificial life form Synthetic biology (SynBio) is a multidisciplinary area of research that seeks to create new biological parts, devices, and systems, or to redesign systems that are already found in nature. It is a branch of science that encompasses a broad ran ...
s, bio-genetic engineered human-animal hybrids and bio-genetically manipulated humans. *
Cyberpunk Cyberpunk is a subgenre of science fiction in a dystopian futuristic setting that tends to focus on a "combination of lowlife and high tech", featuring futuristic technological and scientific achievements, such as artificial intelligence and ...
— uses elements from the hard-boiled detective novel, film noir, Japanese anime, and post-modernist prose to describe the nihilistic, underground side of a cybernetic society *
Climate fiction Climate fiction (sometimes shortened as cli-fi) is literature that deals with climate change.Glass, Rodge (31 May 2013).Global Warning: The Rise of 'Cli-fi' retrieved 3 March 2016 Generally speculative in nature but scientifically-grounded, wor ...
— emphasizes effects of anthropogenic
climate change In common usage, climate change describes global warming—the ongoing increase in global average temperature—and its effects on Earth's climate system. Climate change in a broader sense also includes previous long-term changes to ...
and
global warming In common usage, climate change describes global warming—the ongoing increase in global average temperature—and its effects on Earth's climate system. Climate change in a broader sense also includes previous long-term changes to ...
at the end of the
Holocene The Holocene ( ) is the current geological epoch. It began approximately 11,650 cal years Before Present (), after the Last Glacial Period, which concluded with the Holocene glacial retreat. The Holocene and the preceding Pleistocene togeth ...
era * Dying Earth science fiction *
Military science fiction Military science fiction is a subgenre of science fiction that features the use of science fiction technology, mainly weapons, for military purposes and usually principal characters who are members of a military organization involved in military a ...
*
Steampunk Steampunk is a subgenre of science fiction that incorporates retrofuturistic technology and aesthetics inspired by 19th-century industrial steam-powered machinery. Steampunk works are often set in an alternative history of the Victorian ...
— denotes works set in (or strongly inspired by) an era when steam power was still widely used — usually the 19th century, and often set in Victorian England — though with otherwise high technology or other science fiction elements *
Time travel Time travel is the concept of movement between certain points in time, analogous to movement between different points in space by an object or a person, typically with the use of a hypothetical device known as a time machine. Time travel is a ...
*
Space colonization Space colonization (also called space settlement or extraterrestrial colonization) is the use of outer space or celestial bodies other than Earth for permanent habitation or as extraterrestrial territory. The inhabitation and territor ...
*
Space opera Space opera is a subgenre of science fiction that emphasizes space warfare, with use of melodramatic, risk-taking space adventures, relationships, and chivalric romance. Set mainly or entirely in outer space, it features technological and soc ...
— emphasizes romantic adventure, exotic settings, and larger-than-life characters *
Social science fiction Social science fiction is a subgenre of science fiction, usually (but not necessarily) soft science fiction, concerned less with technology/space opera and more with speculation about society. In other words, it "absorbs and discusses anthropol ...
— concerned less with technology and more with sociological speculation about human society *
Mundane science fiction Mundane science fiction (MSF) is a niche literary movement within science fiction that developed in the early 2000s, with principles codified by the "Mundane Manifesto"Geoff Ryman ''et al''. (2004), "The Mundane Manifesto". The manifesto was or ...


Movements

Genres concerning politics, philosophy, and identity movements include: *
Christian science fiction Christian science fiction is a subgenre of both Christian literature and science fiction, in which there are strong Christian themes, or which are written from a Christian point of view.Mort (2002) These themes may be subtle, expressed by way of a ...
* Feminist science fiction * Gay/lesbian science fiction *
Libertarian science fiction Libertarian science fiction is a subgenre of science fiction that focuses on the politics and social order implied by right-libertarian philosophies with an emphasis on individualism and private ownership of the means of production—and in so ...


Eras

Genres concerning the historical era of creation and publication include: *
Scientific romance Scientific romance is an archaic, mainly British term for the genre of fiction now commonly known as science fiction. The term originated in the 1850s to describe both fiction and elements of scientific writing, but it has since come to refer to ...
— an archaic name for what is now known as the science fiction genre, mostly associated with the early science fiction of the United Kingdom. * Pulp science fiction *
Golden Age of Science Fiction The first Golden Age of Science Fiction, often recognized in the United States as the period from 1938 to 1946, was an era during which the science fiction genre gained wide public attention and many classic science fiction stories were published. ...
— a period of the 1940s during which the science fiction genre gained wide public attention and many classic science fiction stories were published. *
New Wave science fiction The New Wave was a science fiction (SF) style of the 1960s and 1970s, characterized by a great degree of experimentation with the form and content of stories, greater imitation of the styles of trendy non-science fiction literature, and an emphasis ...
— characterised by a high degree of experimentation, both in form and in content. *
Cyberpunk Cyberpunk is a subgenre of science fiction in a dystopian futuristic setting that tends to focus on a "combination of lowlife and high tech", featuring futuristic technological and scientific achievements, such as artificial intelligence and ...
— noted for its focus on "high tech, low life" and taking its name from the combination of cybernetics and punk.


Combinations

Genres that combine two different fiction genres or use a different fiction genre's mood or style include: *
Alternate history Alternate history (also alternative history, althist, AH) is a genre of speculative fiction of stories in which one or more historical events occur and are resolved differently than in real life. As conjecture based upon historical fact, alte ...
science fiction—fiction set in a world in which history has diverged from history as it is generally known *
Comic science fiction Science fiction comedy (sci-fi comedy) or comic science fiction is a subgenre of science fiction or science fantasy that exploits the science-fiction (SF) genre's conventions for comedy, comedic effect. Comic science fiction often mocks or satirize ...
*
Science fiction erotica Sexual themes are frequently used in science fiction or related genres. Such elements may include depictions of realistic sexual interactions in a science fictional setting, a protagonist with an alternative sexuality, a sexual encounter betwee ...
* Adventure science fiction—science fiction adventure is similar to many genres * Gothic science fiction—a subgenre of science fiction that involves
gothic Gothic or Gothics may refer to: People and languages *Goths or Gothic people, the ethnonym of a group of East Germanic tribes **Gothic language, an extinct East Germanic language spoken by the Goths **Crimean Gothic, the Gothic language spoken b ...
conventions *
New Wave science fiction The New Wave was a science fiction (SF) style of the 1960s and 1970s, characterized by a great degree of experimentation with the form and content of stories, greater imitation of the styles of trendy non-science fiction literature, and an emphasis ...
—characterized by a high degree of experimentation, both in form and in content *
Science fantasy Science fantasy is a hybrid genre within speculative fiction that simultaneously draws upon or combines tropes and elements from both science fiction and fantasy. In a conventional science fiction story, the world is presented as being scient ...
—a mixed genre of story which contains some science fiction and some fantasy elements *
Science fiction opera Science fiction opera is a subgenre of science fiction. It refers to operas whose subject-matter fits in the science fiction genre. Like science-fiction literature, science-fiction operas may be set in the future and involve spaceflight or alien ...
—a mixture of opera and science fiction involving empathic themes * Science fiction romance—fiction which has elements of both the science fiction and romance genres * Science fiction mystery—fiction which has elements of both the science fiction and mystery genres, encompassing
Occult detective fiction Occult detective fiction is a subgenre of detective fiction that combines the trope (literature), tropes of the main genre with those of supernatural fiction, supernatural, fantasy fiction, fantasy and/or horror fiction. Unlike the traditional ...
and science fiction detectives *
Science fiction Western The Western is a genre set in the American frontier and commonly associated with folk tales of the Western United States, particularly the Southwestern United States, as well as Northern Mexico and Western Canada. It is commonly referre ...
—fiction which has elements of both the science fiction and Western genres * Space Western—a subgenre of science fiction that transposes themes of American Western books and film to a backdrop of futuristic space frontiers. * Spy-fi a subgenre of
spy fiction Spy fiction is a genre of literature involving espionage as an important context or plot device. It emerged in the early twentieth century, inspired by rivalries and intrigues between the major powers, and the establishment of modern intelligen ...
that includes some science fiction.


Related genres

*
Fantasy Fantasy is a genre of speculative fiction involving magical elements, typically set in a fictional universe and sometimes inspired by mythology and folklore. Its roots are in oral traditions, which then became fantasy literature and d ...
*
Science fantasy Science fantasy is a hybrid genre within speculative fiction that simultaneously draws upon or combines tropes and elements from both science fiction and fantasy. In a conventional science fiction story, the world is presented as being scient ...
*
Mystery fiction Mystery is a fiction genre where the nature of an event, usually a murder or other crime, remains mysterious until the end of the story. Often within a closed circle of suspects, each suspect is usually provided with a credible motive and a re ...
*
Horror fiction Horror is a genre of fiction which is intended to frighten, scare, or disgust. Horror is often divided into the sub-genres of psychological horror and supernatural horror, which is in the realm of speculative fiction. Literary historian ...
* Slipstream fiction *
Utopian and dystopian fiction Utopian and dystopian fiction are genres of speculative fiction that explore social and political structures. Utopian fiction portrays a setting that agrees with the author's ethos, having various attributes of another reality intended to appeal to ...
*
Superhero fiction Superhero fiction is a genre of speculative fiction examining the adventures, personalities and ethics of costumed crime fighters known as superheroes, who often possess superhuman powers and battle similarly powered criminals known as supervi ...


By country

* Australian science fiction *
Bengali science fiction Bengali science fiction ( bn, বাংলা বিজ্ঞান কল্পকাহিনী ''Bangla Bigyan Kalpakahini'') is a part of Bengali literature containing science fiction elements. It is called ''Kalpabigyan'' ( ) or storie ...
*
Canadian science fiction A strong element in contemporary Canadian culture is rich, diverse, thoughtful and witty science fiction. History of Canadian science fiction Possibly the first recorded Canadian work of science fiction is the 1896 '' Tisab Ting, or, The Electrical ...
* Chilean science fiction *
Chinese science fiction Chinese science fiction (traditional Chinese: , simplified Chinese: , pinyin: ''kēxué huànxiǎng'', commonly abbreviated to ''kēhuàn'', literally ''scientific fantasy'') is genre of literature that concerns itself with hypothetical future ...
* Croatian science fiction * Czech science fiction * Estonian science fiction *
French science fiction French science fiction is a substantial genre of French literature. It remains an active and productive genre which has evolved in conjunction with anglophone science fiction and other French and international literature. History Proto science ...
* Japanese science fiction * Norwegian science fiction *
Polish science fiction Science fiction and fantasy in Poland dates to the late 18th century. During the latter years of the People's Republic of Poland, a very popular genre of science fiction was social science fiction. Later, many other genres gained prominence. Pol ...
*
Romanian science fiction Romanian science fiction began in the 19th century and gained popularity in Romania during the second half of the 20th century. While a few Romanian science fiction writers were translated into English, none proved popular abroad. Early years The c ...
*
Russian science fiction Science fiction and fantasy have been part of mainstream Russian literature since the 18th century. Russian fantasy developed from the centuries-old traditions of Slavic mythology and folklore. Russian science fiction emerged in the mid-19t ...
* Serbian science fiction * Spanish science fiction


History

* History of science fiction films


Elements and themes


Character elements

* List of stock characters in science fiction *
Extraterrestrials in fiction An extraterrestrial or alien is any extraterrestrial lifeform; a lifeform that did not originate on Earth. The word ''extraterrestrial'' means "outside Earth". The first published use of ''extraterrestrial'' as a noun occurred in 1956, during the ...


Plot elements


Plot devices

*
Hyperspace In science fiction, hyperspace (also known as nulspace, subspace, overspace, jumpspace and similar terms) is a concept relating to higher dimensions as well as parallel universes and a faster-than-light (FTL) method of interstellar travel. ...


Setting elements

The setting is the environment in which the story takes place. Alien settings require authors to do
worldbuilding Worldbuilding is the process of constructing a world, originally an imaginary one, sometimes associated with a fictional universe. Developing an imaginary setting with coherent qualities such as a history, geography, and ecology is a key task f ...
to create a fictional planet and geography. Elements of setting may include culture (and its technologies), period (including the future), place (geography/astronomy), nature (physical laws, etc.), and hour. Setting elements characteristic of science fiction include:


Place

* Parallel universes *
Planets in science fiction Planets in science fiction are fictional planets that appear in various media of the science fiction genre as story-settings or depicted locations. Planet lists For planets from specific fictional milieux, use the following lists: Literature ...
*
Hyperspace In science fiction, hyperspace (also known as nulspace, subspace, overspace, jumpspace and similar terms) is a concept relating to higher dimensions as well as parallel universes and a faster-than-light (FTL) method of interstellar travel. ...
*
Slipstream A slipstream is a region behind a moving object in which a wake of fluid (typically air or mustard) is moving at velocities comparable to that of the moving fluid, relative to the ambient fluid through which the object is churning. The term sli ...
*
Earth in science fiction An overwhelming majority of fiction is set on or features the Earth. This also holds true of science fiction, despite perceptions to the contrary. Counterfactual depictions of the shape of the Earth, be it flat or hollow, occasionally are featu ...


Cultural setting elements

*
Political ideas in science fiction The exploration of politics in science fiction is arguably older than the identification of the genre. One of the earliest works of modern science fiction, H. G. Wells’ ''The Time Machine'', is an extrapolation of the class structure of the Unit ...
**
Utopian and dystopian fiction Utopian and dystopian fiction are genres of speculative fiction that explore social and political structures. Utopian fiction portrays a setting that agrees with the author's ethos, having various attributes of another reality intended to appeal to ...
** World government in science fiction ** World government in fiction * Religious ideas in science fiction **
List of religious ideas in science fiction Science fiction will sometimes address the topic of religion. Often religious themes are used to convey a broader message, but others confront the subject head-on—contemplating, for example, how attitudes towards faith might shift in the wak ...
* Religion in speculative fiction *
Xenology Astrobiology, and the related field of exobiology, is an interdisciplinary scientific field that studies the origins, early evolution, distribution, and future of life in the universe. Astrobiology is the multidisciplinary field that investig ...


Sex and gender

* Gender in science fiction *
Sex in science fiction Sexual themes are frequently used in science fiction or related genres. Such elements may include depictions of realistic sexual interactions in a science fictional setting, a protagonist with an alternative sexuality, a sexual encounter betwee ...
** Pregnancy in science fiction ** LGBT themes in speculative fiction


= Technology

= * Computer technology **
Artificial intelligence in fiction Artificial intelligence is a recurrent theme in science fiction, whether utopian, emphasising the potential benefits, or dystopian, emphasising the dangers. The notion of machines with human-like intelligence dates back at least to Samuel Butler ...
** List of fictional computers **
Mind uploading in fiction Mind uploading, whole brain emulation, or substrate-independent minds, is a use of a computer or another substrate as an emulated human brain. The term "mind transfer" also refers to a hypothetical transfer of a mind from one biological brain ...
* Transportation ** Flying car (aircraft) **
Space dock A space dock is a hypothesised type of space station that is able to repair or build spacecraft similar to maritime shipyards on Earth. They remove the need for new spacecraft to perform a space launch to reach space and existing spacecraft ...
*
Weapons in science fiction Strange and exotic weapons are a recurring feature in science fiction. In some cases, weapons first introduced in science fiction have been made a reality; other science-fiction weapons remain purely fictional, and are often beyond the realms of ...
* Resizing *
Simulated reality in fiction Simulated reality is a common theme in science fiction. It should not be confused with the theme of virtual reality. Literature Theater * '' Possible Worlds'' (1990) and the 2000 film adaptation * ''World of Wires'' (2012), directed by Jay Sche ...
* Space warfare in fiction **
Weapons in science fiction Strange and exotic weapons are a recurring feature in science fiction. In some cases, weapons first introduced in science fiction have been made a reality; other science-fiction weapons remain purely fictional, and are often beyond the realms of ...


Themes

* First contact


Style elements


Works


Art

*
List of science fiction and fantasy artists This is a list of science fiction and fantasy artists, notable and well-known 20th- and 21st-century artists who have created book covers or interior illustrations for books, or who have had their own books or comic books of fantastic art with sci ...
**
Science fiction comics Publication of comic strips and comic books focusing on science fiction became increasingly common during the early 1930s in newspapers published in the United States. They have since spread to many countries around the world. History The first ...


Games


Computer games


Role-playing games


Literature

*
Science fiction comics Publication of comic strips and comic books focusing on science fiction became increasingly common during the early 1930s in newspapers published in the United States. They have since spread to many countries around the world. History The first ...
* Speculative poetry


Novels

* List of science fiction novels


Short stories

* List of science fiction short stories


= Short story venues

= *
Science fiction magazine A science fiction magazine is a publication that offers primarily science fiction, either in a hard-copy periodical format or on the Internet. Science fiction magazines traditionally featured speculative fiction in short story, novelette, nove ...
** *
Science fiction fanzine A science-fiction fanzine is an amateur or semi-professional magazine published by members of science-fiction fandom, from the 1930s to the present day. They were one of the earliest forms of fanzine, within one of which the term "''fanzine''" wa ...


Video

*
Science fiction film Science fiction (or sci-fi) is a film genre that uses speculative, fictional science-based depictions of phenomena that are not fully accepted by mainstream science, such as extraterrestrial lifeforms, spacecraft, robots, cyborgs, interstel ...
*
Science fiction on television Science fiction first appeared in television programming in the late 1930s, during what is called the Golden Age of Science Fiction. Special effects and other production techniques allow creators to present a living visual image of an imaginar ...
**
List of science fiction television programs This is an inclusive list of television programs with science fiction as principal theme, or which contain at least one significant element of science fiction, even if some cross over into other genres.For television programs with fantasy, horror ...
***
List of science fiction sitcoms This is an inclusive list of science fiction television programs classified by genre. Listing by genre Aliens on Earth *Extraterrestrials in fiction *''3rd Rock from the Sun'' (1996–2001) *ALF (franchise): **''ALF: The Animated Series'' (198 ...
**
U.S. television science fiction U.S. television science fiction is a popular genre of television in the United States that has produced many of the best-known and most popular science fiction shows in the world. Most famous of all, and one of the most influential science-ficti ...
**
British television science fiction British television science fiction refers to popular programmes in the genre that have been produced by both the BBC and Britain's largest commercial channel, ITV. The BBC's ''Doctor Who'' is listed in the '' Guinness World Records'' as the lo ...


Radio

* Science fiction radio programs


Information sources

*
Baen Free Library The Baen Free Library is a digital library of the science fiction and fantasy publishing house Baen Books where 61 e-books as of June 2016 (112 e-books as of December 2008) can be downloaded free in a number of formats, without copy protection. I ...
*
Internet Speculative Fiction DataBase The Internet Speculative Fiction Database (ISFDB) is a database of bibliographic information on genres considered speculative fiction, including science fiction and related genres such as fantasy, alternate history, and horror fiction. The ISFDB ...
*
Science Fiction and Fantasy Writers of America The Science Fiction and Fantasy Writers of America, doing business as Science Fiction and Fantasy Writers Association, commonly known as SFWA ( or ) is a Non-profit organization, nonprofit 501(c)(3) organization of professional science fiction an ...
*''
The Encyclopedia of Science Fiction ''The Encyclopedia of Science Fiction'' (SFE) is an English language reference work on science fiction, first published in 1979. It has won the Hugo Award, Hugo, Locus Award, Locus and BSFA Award, British SF Awards. Two print editions appeared ...
''


In academia

* Science fiction studies **
New Wave science fiction The New Wave was a science fiction (SF) style of the 1960s and 1970s, characterized by a great degree of experimentation with the form and content of stories, greater imitation of the styles of trendy non-science fiction literature, and an emphasis ...
** Science in science fiction *** Materials science in science fiction * Science fiction and fantasy journals * Science fiction libraries and museums


Subculture

*
Science fiction convention Science fiction conventions are gatherings of fans of the speculative fiction genre, science fiction. Historically, science fiction conventions had focused primarily on literature, but the purview of many extends to such other avenues of expre ...
s ** List of science fiction conventions **
List of fan conventions by date of founding The list of modern fan conventions for various genres of entertainment extends to the first conventions held in the 1930s. Some fan historians claim that the 1936 Philadelphia Science Fiction Conference, a.k.a. Philcon, was the first science fi ...
*Science fiction fandom **
Science fiction fanzine A science-fiction fanzine is an amateur or semi-professional magazine published by members of science-fiction fandom, from the 1930s to the present day. They were one of the earliest forms of fanzine, within one of which the term "''fanzine''" wa ...
* Science fiction organizations


Awards

The science fiction
genre Genre () is any form or type of communication in any mode (written, spoken, digital, artistic, etc.) with socially-agreed-upon conventions developed over time. In popular usage, it normally describes a category of literature, music, or other f ...
has a number of recognition awards for authors, Editing, editors, and illustrators. Awards are usually granted annually.


International awards

Major awards given in chronological order:


Nationality-specific awards

;Australian *Aurealis Award—Australian *Chandler Award—for contributions to Australian Science fiction *Ditmar Award—for SF by Australians ;British *Kitschies—for speculative fiction novels published in the UK ;Canadian *Constellation Awards—for the best SF/fantasy film or television works released in Canada *Prix Aurora Awards—for Canada, Canadian science fiction *Sunburst Award— Juried award for Canada, Canadian science fiction ;Chinese *Galaxy Award (China), The Galaxy Awards ''(银河奖)''—given by magazine ''Science Fiction World'' for Chinese SF&F ;Croatian *SFERA Award—given by SFera, a Croatian SF society ;Dutch *Paul Harland Prize—for Dutch SF ;Estonian *:et:Stalker (auhind), Stalker Award—for the best Estonian SF novel, given out on Estcon by Eesti Ulmeühing, the Estonian SF society. ;Finnish *Tähtivaeltaja Award—for the best SF novel released in Finland ;French *Grand Prix de l'Imaginaire—France since 1974 *:fr:Prix Jules-Verne, Prix Jules-Verne—France 1927–1933 and 1958–1963 *Prix Tour-Apollo Award—France 1972-1990 ;German *Kurd-Laßwitz-Preis—Germany, German SF award ;Israeli *Geffen Award ''(פרס גפן)''—Israel since 1999 ;Italian *Urania Award, Premio Urania—for Italian SF ;Japanese *Nihon SF Taisho Award (日本SF大賞)—Japan since 1980 ;New Zealander *Sir Julius Vogel Award—for SF by New Zealanders ;Pacific Northwestern *Endeavour Award—for SF by Pacific Northwest author ;Polish *Janusz A. Zajdel Award—award of Polish fandom *Nautilus Award—Poland, Polish award ;Romanian *SRSFF Award—România ;Russian *Big Roscon award for outstanding contribution to science fiction ;Turkish *TBD Science Fiction Story Award—Turkey


Themed awards

(Chronological) *Prometheus Award—best libertarian SF—since 1979 *Lambda Literary Award—since 1988 *James Tiptree, Jr. Award, Tiptree Award—since 1991 *Golden Duck Awards—best children's SF—1992-2017 *Sidewise Award for Alternate History—since 1995 *Gaylactic Spectrum Awards—since 1999 *Emperor Norton Award—San Francisco—2003-2011 *Science Fiction & Fantasy Translation Awards—2011-2014


New artists / first works awards

*Compton Crook Award—for best first novel *Jack Gaughan Award—for best emerging artist *John W. Campbell Award for Best New Writer, John W. Campbell Award—for best new writer *Writers of the Future—contest for new authors


Career awards

*Grand Master Nebula, Damon Knight Memorial Grand Master Award—associated with the Nebula


Influential people


Creators


Artists

*
List of science fiction and fantasy artists This is a list of science fiction and fantasy artists, notable and well-known 20th- and 21st-century artists who have created book covers or interior illustrations for books, or who have had their own books or comic books of fantastic art with sci ...


Filmmakers


Authors and editors

* List of science fiction authors ** Women science fiction authors * List of science fiction editors


Science fiction scholars

* Brian Aldiss * Isaac Asimov—''Asimov on Science Fiction'' * Brian Attebery * Everett F. Bleiler * John W. Campbell * John Clute—co-editor of ''
The Encyclopedia of Science Fiction ''The Encyclopedia of Science Fiction'' (SFE) is an English language reference work on science fiction, first published in 1979. It has won the Hugo Award, Hugo, Locus Award, Locus and BSFA Award, British SF Awards. Two print editions appeared ...
'' (with Peter Nicholls) * Samuel R. Delany * Hugo Gernsback—founder of the pioneering science fiction magazine ''Amazing Stories'', and the person who the Hugo Awards are named after. * David Hartwell * Larry McCaffery * Judith Merril * Sam Moskowitz * Peter Nicholls (writer), Peter Nicholls—co-editor of ''
The Encyclopedia of Science Fiction ''The Encyclopedia of Science Fiction'' (SFE) is an English language reference work on science fiction, first published in 1979. It has won the Hugo Award, Hugo, Locus Award, Locus and BSFA Award, British SF Awards. Two print editions appeared ...
'' (with John Clute) * Alexei Panshin * David Pringle—editor of ''Foundation (magazine), Foundation'' and ''Interzone (magazine), Interzone''; author of ''Science Fiction: The 100 Best Novels'' * Andrew Sawyer * Dorothy Scarborough * Brian Stableford * Darko Suvin * Gary K. Wolfe


Franchises

There are a number of science fiction media franchises of this type, typically encompassing media such as cinema films, TV shows, toys, and even theme parks related to the content. The List of the highest-grossing media franchises, highest-grossing science fiction franchise is ''Star Wars''. Space science fiction franchises: * ''Alien (franchise), Alien'' (6 films since 1979 and 2 Alien vs Predator films since 2004) * ''Babylon 5 media franchise, Babylon 5'' (2 television series, 7 TV movies since 1993) * ''Battlestar Galactica'' (5 television series and two TV movies since 1979) * ''Doctor Who'' (TV series since 1963, 2 Dr. Who (Dalek films), Dr. Who films since 1965, and Doctor Who (film), 1 1996 television film, five spinoff TV shows (K-9 and Company, The Sarah Jane Adventures, Torchwood, K-9 and Class), video games and hundreds of books) * ''Dune (franchise), Dune'' (23 novels since 1965, 1 film in 1984, 3 comics since 1984, 2 TV series since 2000, 1 film in 2021) * ''Godzilla (franchise), Godzilla'' (36 films since 1954 and 3 TV series since 1978) * ''Halo (series), Halo'' (since 2001, started from video game) * ''The Hitchhikers Guide to the Galaxy'' (1 film, 1 tv series, 1 game, 4 stage shows, 3 radio programs since 1978, 6 novels) * ''Independence Day (1996 film), Independence Day'' (2 films since 1996) * ''Legend of the Galactic Heroes'' (2 novel series since 1983 and 3 anime OVA series since 1988) * ''Macross'' (4 anime TV series since 1982, 6 anime films since 1984, 3 manga series since 1994) * ''Mass Effect'' (since 2007, started from video game) * ''Men in Black (1997 film), Men in Black'' (4 films since 1997 and animated TV series) * Gundam, ''Mobile Suit Gundam'' (21 anime TV series since 1979, 7 anime films since 1988, successful Gundam model, model kits since 1980) * ''Neon Genesis Evangelion'' (1 anime TV series since 1995 and 5 anime films since 1997) * ''Planet of the Apes'' (9 films and 1 TV series since 1968) * ''Predator (franchise), Predator'' (5 films since 1987 and 2 Alien vs Predator films since 2004) * ''Robotech'' (1 anime TV series and 5 anime films since 1985) * ''Space Battleship Yamato'' (5 anime TV series since 1974 and 7 anime films since 1977) * ''Space Odyssey'' (2 short stories since 1954, 2 films since 1968, 4 novels since 1968, The Lost Worlds of 2001, 1 1972 book) * ''Star Trek'' (7 live-action TV series since 1966, 3 animated TV series, 13 Theatrical films: 6 Original Series films since 1979, 4 Next Generation films since 1994 and 3 reboot films since 2009) * ''Star Wars'' (9 episodic "Saga" films since 1977, Star Wars Holiday Special, 1 1978 TV film, 2 Ewok films since 1985, Star Wars: The Clone Wars (film), 1 2008 ''The Clone Wars'' film, 2 "Anthology" films since 2016, 3 canon animated TV series since 2008, 1 canon live-action TV series since 2019, 3 ''Star Wars expanded universe, Legends'' TV series since 1985) * ''Stargate'' (4 TV series and three theater film since 1994) *''The Expanse'' (The Expanse (novel series), 8 novels and The Expanse (TV series), 1 television series since 2011) * ''Transformers'' (28 TV series since 1984, 4 animated films since 1986, 5 Transformers (film series), live action films since 2007, started from toy line) * ''Ultra Series'' (34 TV series since 1966 and 29 films since 1967) * ''The War of the Worlds'' (half a dozen feature films, radio dramas, a record album, various comic book adaptations, a number of television series, and sequels or parallel stories by other authors since 1897)


See also

*List of science fiction themes * Outline of fiction * Outline of fantasy *Timeline of science fiction


References


External links


Science Fiction (Bookshelf)
at Project Gutenberg
SF Hub
��resources for science-fiction research, created by the University of Liverpool Library
Science fiction fanzines (current and historical) online

Science Fiction and Fantasy Writers of America
��their "Suggested Reading" page
Science Fiction Museum & Hall of Fame

Science Fiction Research Association

Science Fiction at the Internet Archive
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Ковтун Е. Н. Художественный вымысел в литературе 20 века. — Высшая школа, 2008. — 1500 экз. —
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Жанры — рубрика журнала «Мир фантастики»
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* [http://fantlab.ru/bygenre Жанры фантастики на Фантлабе.] * [http://www.fantasy.ru/fz/class.htm Классификация фантастики на сайте «Фэнта Зиландия».] {{DEFAULTSORT:Science Fiction Outlines of culture and arts, Science fiction Wikipedia outlines, Science fiction Science fiction, 1 Science fiction lists, Literature lists, Science fiction outline Science fiction themes, Science fiction themes Science fiction genres, Science fiction genres