''Santolina'' is a
genus
Genus ( plural genera ) is a taxonomic rank used in the biological classification of extant taxon, living and fossil organisms as well as Virus classification#ICTV classification, viruses. In the hierarchy of biological classification, genus com ...
of plants in the
chamomile tribe within the
sunflower family, primarily from the western
Mediterranean
The Mediterranean Sea is a sea connected to the Atlantic Ocean, surrounded by the Mediterranean Basin and almost completely enclosed by land: on the north by Western and Southern Europe and Anatolia, on the south by North Africa, and on the e ...
region.
They are small
evergreen
In botany, an evergreen is a plant which has foliage that remains green and functional through more than one growing season. This also pertains to plants that retain their foliage only in warm climates, and contrasts with deciduous plants, which ...
shrub
A shrub (often also called a bush) is a small-to-medium-sized perennial woody plant. Unlike herbaceous plants, shrubs have persistent woody stems above the ground. Shrubs can be either deciduous or evergreen. They are distinguished from trees ...
s growing tall. The
leaves
A leaf (plural, : leaves) is any of the principal appendages of a vascular plant plant stem, stem, usually borne laterally aboveground and specialized for photosynthesis. Leaves are collectively called foliage, as in "autumn foliage", wh ...
are simple and minute in some species, or pinnate, finely divided in other species, often densely silvery hairy, and usually aromatic. The
composite
Composite or compositing may refer to:
Materials
* Composite material, a material that is made from several different substances
** Metal matrix composite, composed of metal and other parts
** Cermet, a composite of ceramic and metallic materials
...
flowerheads are yellow or white, produced in dense globose
capitula 1–2 cm in diameter, on top of slender stems held above the foliage. There are no ray florets.
''Santolina'' species are used as food plants by the
larva
A larva (; plural larvae ) is a distinct juvenile form many animals undergo before metamorphosis into adults. Animals with indirect development such as insects, amphibians, or cnidarians typically have a larval phase of their life cycle.
The ...
e of some
Lepidoptera
Lepidoptera ( ) is an order (biology), order of insects that includes butterfly, butterflies and moths (both are called lepidopterans). About 180,000 species of the Lepidoptera are described, in 126 Family (biology), families and 46 Taxonomic r ...
species including ''
Bucculatrix santolinella'' (feeds exclusively on ''S. chamaecyparissus'') and the ''
Coleophora'' case-bearers ''C. albicella'' (recorded on ''S. chamaecyparissus''), ''C. involucrella'' (feeds exclusively on ''Santolina spp'') and ''C. santolinella'' (feeds exclusively on ''S. chamaecyparissus'').
Species[Flann, C (ed) 2009+ Global Compositae Checklist ]
/ref>Altervista Flora Italiana, genere ''Santolina''
includes photos + distribution maps
* ''
Santolina africana
''Santolina'' is a genus of plants in the chamomile tribe within the sunflower family, primarily from the western Mediterranean region.
They are small evergreen shrubs growing tall. The leaves are simple and minute in some species, or pinnate ...
''
Jord. & Fourr. -
Algeria
)
, image_map = Algeria (centered orthographic projection).svg
, map_caption =
, image_map2 =
, capital = Algiers
, coordinates =
, largest_city = capital
, relig ...
,
Morocco
Morocco (),, ) officially the Kingdom of Morocco, is the westernmost country in the Maghreb region of North Africa. It overlooks the Mediterranean Sea to the north and the Atlantic Ocean to the west, and has land borders with Algeria to ...
,
Tunisia
)
, image_map = Tunisia location (orthographic projection).svg
, map_caption = Location of Tunisia in northern Africa
, image_map2 =
, capital = Tunis
, largest_city = capital
, ...
* ''
Santolina benthamiana
''Santolina'' is a genus of plants in the chamomile tribe within the sunflower family, primarily from the western Mediterranean region.
They are small evergreen shrubs growing tall. The leaves are simple and minute in some species, or pinnate ...
''
Jord. & Fourr. -
France
France (), officially the French Republic ( ), is a country primarily located in Western Europe. It also comprises of Overseas France, overseas regions and territories in the Americas and the Atlantic Ocean, Atlantic, Pacific Ocean, Pac ...
,
Spain
, image_flag = Bandera de España.svg
, image_coat = Escudo de España (mazonado).svg
, national_motto = ''Plus ultra'' (Latin)(English: "Further Beyond")
, national_anthem = (English: "Royal March")
, i ...
* ''
Santolina canescens
''Santolina'' is a genus of plants in the chamomile tribe within the sunflower family, primarily from the western Mediterranean region.
They are small evergreen shrubs growing tall. The leaves are simple and minute in some species, or pinnate ...
''
Lag. - Spain
* ''
Santolina chamaecyparissus''
L. - from Spain to
Ireland
Ireland ( ; ga, Éire ; Ulster Scots dialect, Ulster-Scots: ) is an island in the Atlantic Ocean, North Atlantic Ocean, in Northwestern Europe, north-western Europe. It is separated from Great Britain to its east by the North Channel (Grea ...
+
Turkey
Turkey ( tr, Türkiye ), officially the Republic of Türkiye ( tr, Türkiye Cumhuriyeti, links=no ), is a list of transcontinental countries, transcontinental country located mainly on the Anatolia, Anatolian Peninsula in Western Asia, with ...
* ''
Santolina corsica
''Santolina'' is a genus of plants in the chamomile tribe within the sunflower family, primarily from the western Mediterranean region.
They are small evergreen shrubs growing tall. The leaves are simple and minute in some species, or pinnate ...
''
Jord. & Fourr. -
Corsica
Corsica ( , Upper , Southern ; it, Corsica; ; french: Corse ; lij, Còrsega; sc, Còssiga) is an island in the Mediterranean Sea and one of the 18 regions of France. It is the fourth-largest island in the Mediterranean and lies southeast of ...
* ''
Santolina decumbens
''Santolina'' is a genus of plants in the chamomile tribe within the sunflower family, primarily from the western Mediterranean region.
They are small evergreen shrubs growing tall. The leaves are simple and minute in some species, or pinnate ...
''
Mill. - France, Spain
* ''
Santolina ericoides
''Santolina'' is a genus of plants in the chamomile tribe within the sunflower family, primarily from the western Mediterranean region.
They are small evergreen shrubs growing tall. The leaves are simple and minute in some species, or pinnate ...
''
Poir. - France, Spain
* ''
Santolina impressa
''Santolina impressa'' is a species of flowering plant in the family Asteraceae, endemic to southwest Portugal specifically the area between Setúbal and Sines
Sines () is a city and a municipality in Portugal. The municipality, divided into t ...
''
Hoffmanns. & Link -
Portugal
Portugal, officially the Portuguese Republic ( pt, República Portuguesa, links=yes ), is a country whose mainland is located on the Iberian Peninsula of Southwestern Europe, and whose territory also includes the Atlantic archipelagos of ...
* ''
Santolina magonica
''Santolina'' is a genus of plants in the Anthemideae, chamomile tribe within the Asteraceae, sunflower family, primarily from the western Mediterranean region.
They are small evergreen shrubs growing tall. The leaf, leaves are simple and minut ...
''
(O.Bolòs, Molin. & P.Monts.) Romo -
Balearic Islands
The Balearic Islands ( es, Islas Baleares ; or ca, Illes Balears ) are an archipelago in the Balearic Sea, near the eastern coast of the Iberian Peninsula. The archipelago is an autonomous community and a province of Spain; its capital is ...
, Spain
* ''
Santolina melidensis''
(Rodr.Oubiña & S.Ortiz) Rodr.Oubiña & S.Ortiz - Spain
* ''
Santolina neapolitana''
Jord. & Fourr. -
Campania
Campania (, also , , , ) is an administrative Regions of Italy, region of Italy; most of it is in the south-western portion of the Italian peninsula (with the Tyrrhenian Sea to its west), but it also includes the small Phlegraean Islands and the i ...
, Italy
* ''
Santolina oblongifolia''
Boiss. - Spain
* ''
Santolina pectinata''
Lag. - Algeria, Morocco, Spain
* ''
Santolina pinnata
''Santolina pinnata'', called lavender cotton along with other members of its genus, is a species of flowering plant in the family Asteraceae, native to northwest Italy. Its putative subspecies ''Santolina pinnata'' subsp. ''neapolitana'', the ro ...
''
Viv. - Tuscany, Italy
* ''
Santolina rosmarinifolia''
L. - south western Europe
* ''
Santolina semidentata''
Hoffmanns. & Link - Spain,
Portugal
Portugal, officially the Portuguese Republic ( pt, República Portuguesa, links=yes ), is a country whose mainland is located on the Iberian Peninsula of Southwestern Europe, and whose territory also includes the Atlantic archipelagos of ...
* ''
Santolina tinctoria''
Molina -
Chile
Chile, officially the Republic of Chile, is a country in the western part of South America. It is the southernmost country in the world, and the closest to Antarctica, occupying a long and narrow strip of land between the Andes to the east a ...
* ''
Santolina villosa''
Mill. - Spain
* ''
Santolina virens''
Mill. - France, Spain,
UK,
Germany
Germany,, officially the Federal Republic of Germany, is a country in Central Europe. It is the second most populous country in Europe after Russia, and the most populous member state of the European Union. Germany is situated betwe ...
,
Abruzzo
Abruzzo (, , ; nap, label=Neapolitan language, Abruzzese Neapolitan, Abbrùzze , ''Abbrìzze'' or ''Abbrèzze'' ; nap, label=Sabino dialect, Aquilano, Abbrùzzu; #History, historically Abruzzi) is a Regions of Italy, region of Southern Italy wi ...
(Italy),
Ukraine
Ukraine ( uk, Україна, Ukraïna, ) is a country in Eastern Europe. It is the second-largest European country after Russia, which it borders to the east and northeast. Ukraine covers approximately . Prior to the ongoing Russian inv ...
formerly included
numerous species formerly regarded as members of ''Santolina'' but now judged better suited to other genera: ''
Achillea Athanasia
''Athanasia'' is a genus of flowering plants in the daisy family.
; Species
''Athanasia'' is native to southern Africa. The name is derived from the Greek
Greek may refer to:
Greece
Anything of, from, or related to Greece, a country in Sout ...
Anthemis
''Anthemis'' is a genus of aromatic flowering plants in the family (biology), family Asteraceae, closely related to ''Chamaemelum'', and like that genus, known by the common name chamomile; some species are also called dog-fennel or mayweed. ''An ...
Calea Cladanthus
''Cladanthus'' is a genus of plants in the sunflower family, native to the Mediterranean region
In biogeography, the Mediterranean Basin (; also known as the Mediterranean Region or sometimes Mediterranea) is the region of lands around th ...
Helenium Isocarpha Lasiospermum Lonas
''Lonas'' is a genus of flowering plants in the chamomile tribe within the daisy family. There is only one accepted species, ''Lonas annua'', native to Italy, France, Germany, Algeria, Morocco, and Tunisia
)
, image_map = Tunis ...
Matricaria Oedera Porophyllum Salmea Tanacetum''
References
External links
*
*
Flora Europaea: ''Santolina''
Anthemideae
Asteraceae genera
{{Anthemideae-stub