Santa Clara Pueblo (in
Tewa
The Tewa are a linguistic group of Pueblo Native Americans who speak the Tewa language and share the Pueblo culture. Their homelands are on or near the Rio Grande in New Mexico north of Santa Fe. They comprise the following communities:
* ...
: Khaʼpʼoe Ówîngeh
ɑ̀ʔp’òː ʔówîŋgè ″Singing Water Village″, also known as ″Village of Wild Roses″ is a
census-designated place
A census-designated place (CDP) is a concentration of population defined by the United States Census Bureau for statistical purposes only.
CDPs have been used in each decennial census since 1980 as the counterparts of incorporated places, suc ...
(CDP) in
Rio Arriba County
Rio Arriba County is a county in the U.S. state of New Mexico. As of the 2010 census, the population was 40,246. Its county seat is Tierra Amarilla. Its northern border is the Colorado state line.
Rio Arriba County comprises the Española ...
,
New Mexico
)
, population_demonym = New Mexican ( es, Neomexicano, Neomejicano, Nuevo Mexicano)
, seat = Santa Fe, New Mexico, Santa Fe
, LargestCity = Albuquerque, New Mexico, Albuquerque
, LargestMetro = Albuquerque metropolitan area, Tiguex
, Offi ...
, United States and a
federally recognized tribe
This is a list of federally recognized tribes in the contiguous United States of America. There are also federally recognized Alaska Native tribes. , 574 Indian tribes were legally recognized by the Bureau of Indian Affairs (BIA) of the Unite ...
of
Native American Pueblo people
The Puebloans or Pueblo peoples, are Native Americans in the Southwestern United States who share common agricultural, material, and religious practices. Currently 100 pueblos are actively inhabited, among which Taos, San Ildefonso, Acoma, Z ...
.
The pueblo is a member of the
Eight Northern Pueblos
The Eight Northern Pueblos of New Mexico are Taos, Picuris, Santa Clara, Ohkay Owingeh (formerly San Juan), San Ildefonso, Nambé, Pojoaque, and Tesuque.
Taos and Picuris are Tiwa-speaking pueblos; the rest speak Tewa. Tiwa and Tewa are c ...
, and the people are from the
Tewa
The Tewa are a linguistic group of Pueblo Native Americans who speak the Tewa language and share the Pueblo culture. Their homelands are on or near the Rio Grande in New Mexico north of Santa Fe. They comprise the following communities:
* ...
ethnic group of
Native Americans who speak the
Rio Grande Tewa language. The pueblo is on the
Rio Grande
The Rio Grande ( and ), known in Mexico as the Río Bravo del Norte or simply the Río Bravo, is one of the principal rivers (along with the Colorado River) in the southwestern United States and in northern Mexico.
The length of the Rio G ...
, between
Ohkay Owingeh
Ohkay Owingeh ( Tewa: Ohkwee Ówîngeh ), known by its Spanish name as San Juan de los Caballeros from 1589 to 2005, is a pueblo and census-designated place (CDP) in Rio Arriba County, New Mexico. Ohkay Owingeh is also a federally recognized tribe ...
(formerly San Juan Pueblo) to the north and
San Ildefonso Pueblo (P'ohwhóge Owingeh) to the south.
Santa Clara Pueblo is famous for producing hand-crafted
pottery
Pottery is the process and the products of forming vessels and other objects with clay and other ceramic materials, which are fired at high temperatures to give them a hard and durable form. Major types include earthenware, stoneware and ...
, specifically blackware and redware with deep engravings. The pueblo is listed on the
National Register of Historic Places
The National Register of Historic Places (NRHP) is the United States federal government's official list of districts, sites, buildings, structures and objects deemed worthy of preservation for their historical significance or "great artistic ...
.
Geography
Santa Clara Pueblo is located at (35.971124, -106.089111),
approximately 1.5 miles south of
Española on
NM 30.
According to the
United States Census Bureau
The United States Census Bureau (USCB), officially the Bureau of the Census, is a principal agency of the U.S. Federal Statistical System, responsible for producing data about the American people and economy. The Census Bureau is part of th ...
, the CDP has a total area of 2.1 square miles (5.4 km), all land.
Demographics
The
2010 census found that 1,018 people lived in the CDP, while 1,182 people in the United States reported being exclusively Santa Claran and 1,425 people reported being Santa Claran exclusively or in combination with another group.
History
Tewa people lived in the Pueblo area for millennia before they met Spanish conquistador
Juan de Oñate
Juan de Oñate y Salazar (; 1550–1626) was a Spanish conquistador from New Spain, explorer, and colonial governor of the province of Santa Fe de Nuevo México in the viceroyalty of New Spain. He led early Spanish expeditions to the Great ...
and his exploration party on July 11, 1598.
Pueblo archaeology shows that
Ancestral Puebloans
The Ancestral Puebloans, also known as the Anasazi, were an ancient Native American culture that spanned the present-day Four Corners region of the United States, comprising southeastern Utah, northeastern Arizona, northwestern New Mexico, a ...
lived in the general region as far back as 1200 BC.
First visited in 1541, a segment of
Francisco Coronado's expeditionary force met with the residents of the nearby Caypa Pueblo. After annexation of the region into the Spanish Kingdom, and as part of the 1601 expansion of Oñate's colonial capital, a chapel was built there by 1617.
Fray Alonso de Benavides established a mission in 1628.
The mission was abandoned on the lead up to the
Great Pueblo Revolt of 1680.
This Pueblo joined forces with others nearby and fought against the Spanish Royal Government in 1680 in the revolt. The original and unoccupied chapel was destroyed. Two other chapel buildings would be constructed there. The current church replaced the former in 1918.
In 1782, a
small pox
Smallpox was an infectious disease caused by variola virus (often called smallpox virus) which belongs to the genus Orthopoxvirus. The last naturally occurring case was diagnosed in October 1977, and the World Health Organization (WHO) ce ...
outbreak decimated the population. The eighth section of the Act of July 22, 1854 mandated a census of the newly acquired possessions of the US government. In review of the land's title, the pueblo presented a Spanish Royal decree dated October 15, 1713 that the title to land and various pueblos could be expected. Though lost, the decree on the title papers assured protection of the pueblos' right to protection of their homelands from encroachment. The result of the title research led this Pueblo community to be of the first recognized by United States Congress.
Education
It is in the
Española Public Schools
Española Public School District #55 (EPSD) or Española Public Schools (EPS) is a school district based in Española, New Mexico, USA. It includes sections of Rio Arriba County and Santa Fe County.
In the year 2000 the district had a total of ...
district. The comprehensive public high school is
Española Valley High School
Española Valley High School (EVHS) is a Title-1 public senior high school of the Española Public Schools District, located in Española, New Mexico. Nearly 3/4 of the student body is made up of Hispanic students.
The school is located with ...
.
Arts
Among the arts practiced at Santa Clara Pueblo, pottery is one of the most well-known.
Traditionally, pottery was made primarily by girls and women, and while many potters today are women, there are many men who make pottery as well. Santa Clara Pueblo potters are known for their black polished and red polished pottery in a distinctive style, especially the use of incised work. "Knife-wing" or eagle feather designs are common on Santa Clara pottery
Indian Pueblo Cultural Center, Santa Clara Pueblo
accessed 2010-05-26 There are a number of well-known ceramic artists from Santa Clara. Four approaches are used in the decoration of the majority of Santa Clara Pueblo ceramics: painted designs, impressed patterns, incised designs, and resist-firing with incised or sgraffito designs.
Notable tribal members and residents
* Angela Baca, matriarch of the Santa Clara melon potters
* Gregory Cajete Gregory A. Cajete is a Tewa author and professor from Santa Clara Pueblo, New Mexico. , author and educator
* Tammy Garcia
Tammy Garcia (born August 27, 1969, in Los Angeles, California) is a Santa Clara Pueblo sculptor and Ceramic artist. Garcia translates Pueblo pottery forms and iconography into sculptures in bronze and other media.
Background
Tammy Garcia is a m ...
, ceramic artist and sculptor
* Luther Gutierrez, potter
* Margaret Gutierrez, potter
* Joseph Lonewolf, potter
* Nora Naranjo Morse, artist and filmmaker
* Linda and Merton Sisneros, potters
* Paul Speckled Rock, potter and bronze sculptor, gallery owner
* Anita Louise Suazo, traditional potter
* Roxanne Swentzell, ceramic and bronze sculptor, Native plant activist
* Rose B. Simpson, mixed-media, ceramic, and performance artist
* Margaret Tafoya
Maria Margarita "Margaret" Tafoya ( Tewa name: Corn Blossom; August 13, 1904 – February 25, 2001) was the matriarch of Santa Clara Pueblo potters. She was a recipient of a 1984 National Heritage Fellowship awarded by the National Endowment for ...
, Santa Clara traditional potter
* Pablita Velarde, Santa Clara painter
* Nathan Youngblood Nathan Youngblood (born 1954) is a Native American potter from Santa Clara Pueblo, New Mexico, United States.Folwell et al, 15
Background
He was born in Fort Carson, Colorado to Mela (1931–1991) and Walt Youngblood. During his adolescent years N ...
, potter
See also
* Puye Cliff Dwellings - the ruins of an abandoned pueblo and National Monument managed by Santa Clara Pueblo.
* Santa Clara Indian Reservation
*
References
External links
Indian Pueblo Cultural Center - Santa Clara Pueblo
Santa Clara Pueblo Community Library
at National Park Service
The National Park Service (NPS) is an agency of the United States federal government within the U.S. Department of the Interior that manages all national parks, most national monuments, and other natural, historical, and recreational properti ...
Santa Clara Pueblo pottery gallery
the Swentzell family of Santa Clara Pueblo
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Census-designated places in Rio Arriba County, New Mexico
Tewa
Native American tribes in New Mexico
Puebloan peoples
Northern Rio Grande National Heritage Area
Historic districts on the National Register of Historic Places in New Mexico
National Register of Historic Places in Rio Arriba County, New Mexico
Census-designated places in New Mexico