Sant'Eusebio is a

titular Titular may refer to: Arts, entertainment, and media * Title character in a narrative work, the character referred to in its title Religion * Titular (Catholicism), a cardinal who holds a titulus, one of the main churches of Rome ** Titular bisho ...

church in

Rome , established_title = Founded , established_date = 753 BC , founder = King Romulus (legendary) , image_map = Map of comune of Rome (metropolitan city of Capital Rome, region Lazio, Italy).svg , map_caption ...

, devoted to Saint

Eusebius of Rome Eusebius of Rome (died ), the founder of the church on the Esquiline Hill in Rome that bears his name, is listed in the Roman Martyrology as one of the saints venerated on 14 August. Life Eusebius is said to have been a Roman patrician and pri ...

, a 4th-century martyr, and built in the

Esquilino The Esquiline Hill (; la, Collis Esquilinus; it, Esquilino ) is one of the Seven Hills of Rome. Its southernmost cusp is the ''Oppius'' ( Oppian Hill). Etymology The origin of the name ''Esquiline'' is still under much debate. One view is ...

rione A (; plural: ) is a neighbourhood in several Italian cities. A is a territorial subdivision. The larger administrative subdivisions in Rome are the , with the being used only in the historic centre. The word derives from the Latin , the 14 su ...

. One of the oldest churches in Rome, it is a

titular church In the Catholic Church, a titular church is a church in Rome that is assigned to a member of the clergy who is created a cardinal. These are Catholic churches in the city, within the jurisdiction of the Diocese of Rome, that serve as honorary de ...

and the

station church Station days were days of fasting in the early Christian Church, associated with a procession to certain prescribed churches in Rome, where the Mass and Vespers would be celebrated to mark important days of the liturgical year. Although other citi ...

for the Friday after the fourth Sunday in Lent.

History

The church is said to have been built on the site of the house of the priest and confessor,

, who died c. 357. It is recorded as the ''Titulus Eusebii'' in the acts of the 499 synod. It is again mentioned in the acts of a council held in Rome under

Pope Symmachus Pope Symmachus (died 19 July 514) was the bishop of Rome from 22 November 498 to his death. His tenure was marked by a serious schism over who was elected pope by a majority of the Roman clergy. Early life He was born on the Mediterranean islan ...

in 498. The church was rebuilt by

Pope Zacharias Pope Zachary ( la, Zacharias; 679 – March 752) was the bishop of Rome from 28 November 741 to his death. He was the last pope of the Byzantine Papacy. Zachary built the original church of Santa Maria sopra Minerva, forbade the traffic of slav ...

, and was consecrated "in honorem beatorum Eusebii et Vincentii" by

Pope Gregory IX Pope Gregory IX ( la, Gregorius IX; born Ugolino di Conti; c. 1145 or before 1170 – 22 August 1241) was head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 19 March 1227 until his death in 1241. He is known for issuing the '' Decre ...

, after the restoration of 1238."Sant’Eusebio", Pontifical North American College
/ref> A plaque commemorating the rebuilding is located on the porch of the church. The Romanesque style, dating back to this restoration, survived to the restorations of the 17th, 18th, and 20th centuries. The church once belonged to the

Celestines The Celestines were a Roman Catholic monastic order, a branch of the Benedictines, founded in 1244. At the foundation of the new rule, they were called Hermits of St Damiano, or Moronites (or Murronites), and did not assume the appellation of C ...

. The annexed monastery housed one of the first printing workshop in the city. In 1627, the monastery was raised from a priory to an abbey, but abolished in 1810. The order subsequently became extinct.Brookfield, Paul. "Celestine Order." The Catholic Encyclopedia
Vol. 16 (Index). New York: The Encyclopedia Press, 1914. 20 November 2015

Pope Leo XII Pope Leo XII ( it, Leone XII; born Annibale Francesco Clemente Melchiorre Girolamo Nicola della Genga (; 2 August 1760 – 10 February 1829), was head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 28 September 1823 to his death ...

gave Sant'Eusebio to the Jesuits. After the Jesuits were expelled in 1873, the monastery was seized by the state, and Sant'Eusebio eventually became a parish church staffed by diocesan clergy. The small piazza outside the church hosts an annual blessing for the animals on the 17 January – the feast of St. Anthony the Abbot. The tradition dates back to 1437 and was transferred to Sant'Eusebio in the early 20th century from the nearby Church of Sant’Antonio Abate. The ''Titulus Sancti Eusebii'' is held by Cardinal

Daniel DiNardo Daniel Nicholas DiNardo (born May 23, 1949) is an American Cardinal (Catholicism), cardinal of the Catholic Church. He is the second and current archbishop of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Galveston-Houston, Archdiocese of Galveston-Houston ...

, Archbishop of Galveston-Houston in

Texas Texas (, ; Spanish language, Spanish: ''Texas'', ''Tejas'') is a state in the South Central United States, South Central region of the United States. At 268,596 square miles (695,662 km2), and with more than 29.1 million residents in 2 ...

, US.

Architecture

Roman ruins dating back to the second century have been discovered underneath the present building. It is first mentioned in 474, in an inscription in the catacombs of Saints Marcellino e Pietro. However, archeological remains suggest an original construction date of around the turn of the fifth century. Only the bell tower remains of Gregory IX's renovations. The five-arched portico was erected in 1711.

Interior

Sant'Eusebio interno 01 (Claudius Ziehr)

The interior is separated into a nave with two flanking aisles. The present design dates to 1600 work by

Onorio Longhi Onorio Longhi (1568–1619) was an Italian architect, the father of Martino Longhi the Younger and the son of Martino Longhi the Elder. Born in Viggiù, Lombardy, Longhi began as assistant for his father, and inherited the latter's commission a ...

, who restored the presbytery, main altar, and choir. The ceiling fresco is a neoclassical masterpiece of

Anton Raphael Mengs Anton Raphael Mengs (22 March 1728 – 29 June 1779) was a German people, German painter, active in Dresden, Rome, and Madrid, who while painting in the Rococo period of the mid-18th century became one of the precursors to Neoclassicism, Neoclas ...

depicting the ''Glory of Sant'Eusebio'' (1757). Other paintings in the church are attributed to

Giuseppe Passeri Giuseppe Passeri (12 March 1654 – 2 November 1714) was an Italian painter of the Baroque period, active in his native city of Rome. Born the nephew of the painter Giovanni Battista Passeri, Giuseppe trained in the studio of Carlo Maratta. ...

(central nave window), Andreas Ruthart (choir, c. 1672),

Baldassarre Croce Baldassare Croce (Bologna, 1558–November 8, 1628) was an Italian painter, active during the late-Mannerist period, active mainly in and around Rome. Biography He trained in Bologna, and moved to Rome by 1581. Known as a prolific academic paint ...

(''Jesus, Mary, and Saints'' near the main altar), Cesare Rossetti (Crucifix at the main altar facing choir),

Pompeo Batoni Pompeo Girolamo Batoni (25 January 1708 – 4 February 1787) was an Italian painter who displayed a solid technical knowledge in his portrait work and in his numerous allegorical and mythological pictures. The high number of foreign visitors tra ...

(''Madonna and Bambino'' near main altar) and

Francesco Solimena Francesco Solimena (4 October 1657 – 3 April 1747) was a prolific Italian painter of the Baroque era, one of an established family of painters and draughtsmen. Biography Francesco Solimena was born in Canale di Serino in the province of ...

. The main altar has custody of the relics of St

, who is supposed to have commissioned and financed construction of the church in the 4th century.

List of Cardinal Priests

*Valentine (492 - 494) *Probian (494 - ?) *Bono (590 - ?) *Stephen (745 - 761) *Theopempt (761 - ?) *Lucian (827 ? - 853) *Lucinus (853 - ?) *

Robert of Paris Robert of Paris was the cardinal-presbyter of Sant'Eusebio from 1100 until his deposition in 1112. He was restored in 1119, but died shortly after. He served as an apostolic legate to the Holy Land in 1102 in the aftermath of the First Crusade, du ...

(1088 - 1112/5) *John, O.S.B. (c. 1114 - 1121) *Robert (1121 - 1123) * Pierre 1130–1130, pseudo-cardinal of the Antipope Anacletus II * Robert Pullen (c. 1142–46) * Raniero 1165-1178 * Ruggiero 1178-1221 * Nicolas de Fréauville, OP 15 March 1305 – 15 January 1323 * Raymond de Mostuejouls 28 December 1327 – 12 November 1335 *

Giovanni Visconti (archbishop of Milan) Giovanni Visconti (1290–1354) was an Italian Roman Catholic cardinal, who was co-ruler in Milan and lord of other Italian cities. He also was a military leader who fought against Florence, and used force to capture and hold other cities. Biog ...

19 Jan 1329-5 Oct 1354 * Etienne de Poissy 22 September 1368 – 16 October 1373 * Guglielmo Sanseverino 18 September 1378 – 24 November 1378 * Francesco Moricotti Rignani Butillo November 1378-July 1380 *

Henry Beaufort Cardinal Henry Beaufort (c. 1375 – 11 April 1447), Bishop of Winchester, was an English prelate and statesman who held the offices of Bishop of Lincoln (1398) then Bishop of Winchester (1404) and was from 1426 a Cardinal of the Church of Ro ...

27 May 1426 – 11 July 1447 *

Astorgio Agnensi Astorgio Agnensi (1391–1451) was an Italian Roman Catholic bishop and cardinal, multiple papal governor and multiple Curiate official. Biography Astorgio Agnensi was born in Naples in 1391. He was elected Bishop of Mileto on 18 September 14 ...

3 January 1449 – 10 October 1451 *

Richard Olivier de Longueil Richard Olivier de Longueil (1406–1470) (called the Cardinal of Coutances or the Cardinal of Eu) was a French Roman Catholic bishop and cardinal. Biography Richard Olivier de Longueil was born in Lisieux on 18 December 1406, the son of Guillau ...

16 March 1462 – 17 August 1470 *

Oliviero Carafa Oliviero Carafa (10 March 1430 – 20 January 1511), in Latin Oliverius Carafa, was an Italian cardinal and diplomat of the Renaissance. Like the majority of his era's prelates, he displayed the lavish and conspicuous standard of living that was ...

5 September 1470 – 24 July 1476; 24 July 1476 – 20 January 1511 *

Pietro Accolti Pietro Accolti (15 March 1455 – 11 December 1532), known as the "cardinal of Ancona", was an italy, Italian Roman Catholic cardinal and judge of the Roman Rota. Life He was born in Florence on 15 March 1455, the son of the famous jurist Benedett ...

17 March 1511 – 18 December 1523; 18 December 1523 – 5 May 1527 * Benedetto Accolti 5 May 1527 – 27 August 1534; 30 August 1530 – 21 September 1549 *

Francisco Mendoza de Bobadilla Francisco Mendoza de Bobadilla (25 September 1508 – 1 December 156626 and 28 November and 3 December are also reported as dates of his death.) was a Spanish Roman Catholic Cardinal. Biography He was born in Cuenca, the son of Diego Hurtado de ...

28 February 1550 – 1 December 1566 *

Antonio Carafa Antonio Carafa (1538 – 13 January 1591) was an Italian Roman Catholic Cardinal from the House of Carafa. Biography Early years Antonio Carafa was born in Naples to Rinaldo I Carafello Carafa, a local patrician, and Giovanna of the ''signor ...

5 April 1568 – 8 April 1573; 12 December 1583 – 28 November 1584 * Giulio Canani 28 November 1584 – 20 March 1591 * Camillo Borghese 21 June 1596 – 10 March 1599 *

Arnaud d'Ossat Arnaud d'Ossat (20 July 1537 – 13 March 1604) was a French diplomat and writer and a Cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church, whose personal tact and diplomatic skill steered the perilous course of French diplomacy with the papacy in the reign ...

17 March 1559 – 13 March 1604 * Ferdinando Taverna 25 June 1604 – 29 August 1619 * Jean de Bonsi 3 March 1621 – 4 July 1621 * Marcantonio Gozzadini 30 August 1621 – 23 May 1623 * Giacomo Cavalieri 9 February 1626 – 28 January 1629 * Giovanni Battista Pamphilj 12 August 1630 – 15 September 1644Ott, Michael. "Pope Innocent X." The Catholic Encyclopedia
Vol. 8. New York: Robert Appleton Company, 1910. 30 November 2022 *

Girolamo Grimaldi-Cavalleroni Girolamo Grimaldi-Cavalleroni (20 August 1597– 4 November 1685) was an Italian cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church and Archbishop of Aix. Early life Grimaldi was born in Genoa, the son of Giacomo Grimaldi, a senator of the Republic of Genoa ...

17 October 1644 – 11 October 1655 *

Nicola Guidi di Bagno Nicola Guidi di Bagno or Nicolò Guidi di Bagno (Mantua, Italy, 1583) was a titular archbishop of Atenia, bishop of Senigallia, and a cardinal. He descended from a noble family. His brother Gianfrancesco Guidi di Bagno and his uncle Girolamo Co ...

23 April 1657 – 27 August 1663 *

Paolo Emilio Rondinini Paolo Emilio Rondinini (1617 – 16 September 1668) was an Italian Catholic Cardinal. Early life and education Rondinini was born in 1617 to Alessandro Rondinini and Felice Zacchia. He was the grandson of Cardinal Laudivio Zacchia (who had b ...

30 April 1668 – 16 September 1669 * Carlo Gualterio 15 January 1669 – 1 January 1673 *

Camillo Massimo Camillo Massimo (20 July 1620 – 12 September 1677) was an Italian cardinal in 17th century Rome, best remembered as a major patron of Baroque artists such as Poussin, Lorrain, Velázquez, Duquesnoy, Algardi, Francesco Fontana and Cosimo ...

30 January 1673 – 19 October 1676 * Pierre di Bonzi 28 November 1689 – 11 July 1703 *

Francesco Martelli Francesco Martelli (1633 – 28 September 1717) was an Italian Roman Catholic Cardinal. Biography Martelli was born in Florence of a patrician family. He studied canon and civil law in the University of Pisa and became canon of the cathedral chap ...

25 June 1706 – 29 September 1717 * Imre Csáky 16 June 1721 – 28 August 1732 *

Pompeo Aldrovandi Pompeo Aldrovandi (23 September 1668 – 6 January 1752) was an Italian cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church. Biography Aldrovandi was born on 23 September 1668 in Bologna, then part of the Papal States, and studied law at the local university ...

12 April 1734 – 6 January 1752 * Enrico Enriquez 22 July 1754 – 25 April 1756 *

Jean-François-Joseph de Rochechouart Jean-François-Joseph Rochechouart de Foudoas (27 January 1708 – 20 March 1777) was a French Roman Catholic Cardinal. Born in Toulouse, he was educated in the University of Paris, where he achieved licentiate in theology. After having been orda ...

5 January 1762 – 20 March 1777 *

Guglielmo Pallotta Guglielmo Pallotta (13 November 1727 – 21 September 1795) was an Italian Roman Catholic Cardinal. Biography Born in Macerata, Marche, he studied hydraulics and law in Rome and then was ordained priest. Later he became auditor of Cardinal Carlo ...

28 July 1777 – 23 September 1782 *

Giovanni Andrea Archetti Giovanni Andrea Archetti (11 September 1731 – 5 November 1805) was an Italian Roman Catholic Cardinal. Biography Born in Brescia, Lombardy, Archetti studied canon and civil law in La Sapienza University of Rome. He was ordained priest on 10 ...

27 June 1785 – 2 April 1800 * Giuseppe Firrao 20 July 1801 – 24 January 1830 *

Paolo Polidori Paolo Polidori (4 January 1778 – 23 April 1847) was an Italian Cardinal (Catholic Church), cardinal of the Catholic Church. Biography Paolo Polidori was born in Iesi, Marche; where he studied at the seminary of Perugia. He was ordained as ...

1 August 1834 – 12 July 1841 *

Johann Rudolf Kutschker Johann Baptist Rudolph Kutschker (11 April 1810, Loučky – 27 January 1881, Vienna) was an Austrian Cardinal. Life Johann Rudolf Kutschker was born in Seifersdorf, Austrian Silesia (now Loučky in Zátor, Czech Republic). He studied humaniti ...

25 June 1877 – 27 January 1881 *

Domenico Agostini Domenico Agostini (31 May 1825 — 31 December 1891) was an Italian Roman Catholic Cardinal and Patriarch of Venice. Born near Treviso, he studied in the local seminary, then in the University of Padua. He took a doctorate of philosophy and law, b ...

20 March 1882 – 7 June 1886 * Cölestin Josef Ganglbauer, OSB 10 June 1886 – 14 December 1889 *

Joseph-Alfred Foulon Joseph-Alfred Foulon (29 April 1823 – 23 January 1893) was a French Roman Catholic Cardinal and Archbishop of Lyon. Life Foulon was born in Paris and studied in the Église Saint-Sulpice, Paris, Saint-Sulpice Seminary. He was ordained priest o ...

30 December 1889 – 23 January 1893 * Benito Sanz y Forés 15 June 1893 – 1 November 1895 *

Antonio María Cascajares y Azara Antonio María Cascajares y Azara (2 March 1834 – 27 July 1901) was a Spanish Roman Catholic cardinal, Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Valladolid, archbishop of Valladolid and archbishop-elect of Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Zaragoza, Zaragoza ...

25 June 1896 – 24 March 1898 * Agostino Richelmy 22 June 1899 – 27 November 1911 *

János Csernoch János Csernoch (''Slovak'': Ján Černoch) S.T.D. (18 June 1852 – 25 July 1927) was a Cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church and Archbishop of Esztergom and Primate of Hungary. János Csernoch was born in Szakolcza, Kingdom of Hungary (now ...

8 September 1914 – 26 July 1927 *

Carlo Dalmazio Minoretti Carlo Dalmazio Minoretti (17 September 1861 – 13 March 1938) was a Cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church who served as Archbishop of Genoa. Early life and education Carlo Minoretti was born in Cogliate, Lombardy. He was educated at the Sem ...

19 December1929-13 March 1938 *

Juan Gualberto Guevara Juan Gualberto Guevara B.A. J.C.D. (12 July 1882 – 27 November 1954) was created on 18 February 1946 a Cardinal Priest by Pope Pius XII. He was Archbishop of Lima in the Roman Catholic Church. He was the first Cardinal of Peru. Biography E ...

28 February 1946 – 27 November 1954 *

Franz König Franz König (3 August 1905 – 13 March 2004) was an Austrian Cardinal of the Catholic Church. He served as archbishop of Vienna from 1956 to 1985, and was elevated to the cardinalate in 1958. The last surviving cardinal elevated by Pope John ...

18 December 1958 – 13 March 2004 *

24 November 2007 – present

References

External links

parish website
{{DEFAULTSORT:Eusebio Titular churches 5th-century churches Churches of Rome (rione Esquilino)