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Sant'Adriano al Foro was a
church Church may refer to: Religion * Church (building), a building for Christian religious activities * Church (congregation), a local congregation of a Christian denomination * Church service, a formalized period of Christian communal worship * Chris ...
in
Rome , established_title = Founded , established_date = 753 BC , founder = King Romulus (Romulus and Remus, legendary) , image_map = Map of comune of Rome (metropolitan city of Capital Rome, region Lazio, Italy).svg ...
, formerly in the
Curia Julia The Curia Julia ( la, Curia Iulia, links=no, it, Curia Iulia, links=no) is the third named ''curia'', or senate house, in the ancient city of Rome. It was built in 44 BC, when Julius Caesar replaced Faustus Cornelius Sulla's reconstructed Curi ...
in the ''
Forum Romanum The Roman Forum, also known by its Latin name Forum Romanum ( it, Foro Romano), is a rectangular forum ( plaza) surrounded by the ruins of several important ancient government buildings at the center of the city of Rome. Citizens of the ancien ...
'' and a cardinal-deaconry (a
titular church In the Catholic Church, a titular church is a church in Rome that is assigned to a member of the clergy who is created a cardinal. These are Catholic churches in the city, within the jurisdiction of the Diocese of Rome, that serve as honorary d ...
for a
Cardinal-deacon A cardinal ( la, Sanctae Romanae Ecclesiae cardinalis, literally 'cardinal of the Holy Roman Church') is a senior member of the clergy of the Catholic Church. Cardinals are created by the ruling pope and typically hold the title for life. Co ...
).


The church

The Church of Sant'Adriano al Foro (Italian for St. (H)Adrian at the Roman Forum) was a conversion of the
Curia Julia The Curia Julia ( la, Curia Iulia, links=no, it, Curia Iulia, links=no) is the third named ''curia'', or senate house, in the ancient city of Rome. It was built in 44 BC, when Julius Caesar replaced Faustus Cornelius Sulla's reconstructed Curi ...
, which had housed the Senate of Ancient Rome, by
Pope Honorius I Pope Honorius I (died 12 October 638) was the bishop of Rome from 27 October 625 to his death. He was active in spreading Christianity among Anglo-Saxons and attempted to convince the Celts to calculate Easter in the Roman fashion. He is chief ...
in 630. The end of the sixth and the beginning of the seventh century mark for Rome a period of profound decay. The curia had been abandoned until Honorius decided to erect the church. Its name refers to the martyr Adrian of Nicomedia. Paintings are still visible in a side chapel which depict scenes from the life of St. Adrian; there are also some Byzantine paintings. It was designated by
Pope Sergius I Pope Sergius I (8 September 701) was the bishop of Rome from 15 December 687 to his death, and is revered as a saint by the Roman Catholic Church. He was elected at a time when two rivals, Paschal and Theodore, were locked in dispute about whi ...
(687-701) as the starting point for the
litanies Litany, in Christian worship and some forms of Judaic worship, is a form of prayer used in services and processions, and consisting of a number of petitions. The word comes through Latin ''litania'' from Ancient Greek λιτανεία (''lita ...
during certain the procession liturgical feasts of the Virgin Mary, Presentation in the Temple, Annunciation, Assumption and Nativity.
Pope Gregory IX Pope Gregory IX ( la, Gregorius IX; born Ugolino di Conti; c. 1145 or before 1170 – 22 August 1241) was head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 19 March 1227 until his death in 1241. He is known for issuing the '' Decr ...
made substantial changes to the building in 1228. In the 17th century its large bronze doors were moved by order of
Pope Alexander VII Pope Alexander VII ( it, Alessandro VII; 13 February 159922 May 1667), born Fabio Chigi, was head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 7 April 1655 to his death in May 1667. He began his career as a vice-papal legate, and ...
to adorn the main portal of the
Basilica of St. John Lateran The Archbasilica Cathedral of the Most Holy Savior and of Saints John the Baptist and John the Evangelist in the Lateran ( it, Arcibasilica del Santissimo Salvatore e dei Santi Giovanni Battista ed Evangelista in Laterano), also known as the Papa ...
.Lorizzo, Paul. "The Ancient Center of Roman Power", ''Zenit'', May 19 2012
/ref>


Reconstruction as Curia Julia

Its structure was modified multiple times before it was deconsecrated in the 1930s to recover the ancient structure of the building. On either side of the entrance are niches corresponding to medieval burials. The painting of the Holy Family, a product of the school of Raphael, was moved to the modern Church of Santa Maria della Mercede (1958), and the dedication to Saint Adrian added to that church.


Cardinal deaconry

It was established in 734 as Cardinal Deaconry of S. Adriano al Foro On 25 January 1946, the title was suppressed to establish the Cardinal Deaconry of S. Paolo alla Regola.


Cardinal deacons

The following Cardinals have been
Cardinal deacon A cardinal ( la, Sanctae Romanae Ecclesiae cardinalis, literally 'cardinal of the Holy Roman Church') is a senior member of the clergy of the Catholic Church. Cardinals are created by the ruling pope and typically hold the title for life. Col ...
s of the Deaconry,Conradus Eubel, ''Hierarchia catholica medii aevi'' II, editio altera (Monasterii 1914), p. 66 (1385-1503). except in special circumstances, which are noted by italics. * Blessed Berardo dei Marsi (1099 – 1100) * Matthaeus ( - 1127/1128) (promoted to Cardinal Priest of S. Pietro in Vincoli) * Pierre (1127.12 – 1130), later Pseudocardinal-
Priest A priest is a religious leader authorized to perform the sacred rituals of a religion, especially as a mediatory agent between humans and one or more deities. They also have the authority or power to administer religious rites; in particu ...
of S. Eusebio (1130 – death 1130?) * Guido (1130 – 1138?) * ''Germano (1130.03.29 – ?), pseudocardinal created by
Antipope Anacletus II Anacletus II (died January 25, 1138), born Pietro Pierleoni, was an antipope who ruled in opposition to Pope Innocent II from 1130 until his death in 1138. After the death of Pope Honorius II, the college of cardinals was divided over his succe ...
'' * Ubaldo Aucingoli (1138 – May 1141), appointed Cardinal-priest of
Santa Prassede The Basilica of Saint Praxedes ( la, Basilica Sanctae Praxedis, it, Basilica di Santa Prassede all’Esquillino), commonly known in Italian as Santa Prassede, is an early medieval titular church and minor basilica located near the papal basilic ...
* Gilberto hilibertus(1141 – 1143.12.17) * Giovanni Paparoni (1143.12.17 – 1151.03.02) * Alberto di Morra (1155.12 – 1158), later Pope Gregory VIII * Cinzio Papareschi (1158.02 – 1178.09) * Eutichio (1178.09.22 – 1178?) * Rainier (1178.09.22 – 1182.08) * Gerardo (1182 – 1208) * Angelo (1212.02.18 – 1215.11.29) * Stefano de Normandis dei Conti (1216 – 1228) *
Goffredo da Trani Geoffrey of Trani (? in Trano, Apulia – 1245) was an Italian jurist, known as a canon lawyer. He was a student at Bologna of Azo before becoming a professor at Naples, then at Bologna. He was made a cardinal deacon by Pope Innocent IV. Hi ...
(1244.05.28 – 1245) * Ottobono de Fieschi (1251.12 – 1276.07.11), later Pope Adrian V * Napoleone Orsini (1288.05.16 – 1342.03.23) * Rinaldo Orsini (1350.12.17 – 1374.06.06) * Gentile di Sangro (1378.09.18 – 1385.12) * Ludovico Fieschi (1385.01 – 1423.04.03) * '' Bonifacio Ammannati (1397.12.21 – death 1399.07.19), pseudo-cardinal created by
Antipope Benedict XIII Pedro Martínez de Luna y Pérez de Gotor (25 November 1328 – 23 May 1423), known as in Spanish and Pope Luna in English, was an Aragonese nobleman who, as Benedict XIII, is considered an antipope (see Western Schism) by the Catholic Churc ...
'' * Hugues de Lusignan (1426.05.27 – 1431.03.11) *
Stefano Nardini Stefano Nardini (died 1484) (called the Cardinal of Milan) was an Italian Roman Catholic bishop and cardinal. Biography Stefano Nardini was born in Forlì. He received a doctorate of both laws. As a young man, Nardini served in the military, b ...
(1473.05.07 – 1476), Cardinal priest ''pro hac vice'' * Giovanni d’Aragona (1477.12.12 – 1480.01.14); promoted Cardinal priest ''pro hac vice'' (1480.01.14 – 1483.09.10) * Cardinal Giovanni Conti (1485.10.18 – 1489.03.09 ''in commendam'', while
Cardinal-Priest A cardinal ( la, Sanctae Romanae Ecclesiae cardinalis, literally 'cardinal of the Holy Roman Church') is a senior member of the clergy of the Catholic Church. Cardinals are created by the ruling pope and typically hold the title for life. Co ...
of Ss. Nereo ed Achilleo (1483.11.15 – 1489.03.09) *
Pierre d'Aubusson Pierre d'Aubusson (1423 – 3 July 1503) was a Grand Master of the Order of Saint John of Jerusalem, and a zealous opponent of the Ottoman Empire. Pierre probably joined the Knights of Saint John in 1444 or 1445, and then left for Rhodes. Ear ...
(1489.03.23 – 1503.07.03) *
François Guillaume de Castelnau de Clermont-Lodève François () is a French masculine given name and surname, equivalent to the English name Francis. People with the given name * Francis I of France, King of France (), known as "the Father and Restorer of Letters" * Francis II of France, King ...
(1503.12.06 – 1509.05.02), ''in commendam'' (1509.05.02 – 1511.03.17) *
Bandinello Sauli Bandinello Sauli (c. 1481 – 28 March 1518) was an Italian Roman Catholic bishop and cardinal. Biography Bandinello Sauli was born in Genoa, ca. 1481, the son of nobles Pasquale Sauli and Mariola Giustiniani Longhi. .Hyde, Cardinal Bendinell ...
(1511.03.17 – 1511.10.24) *
Agostino Trivulzio Agostino Trivulzio (c. 1485–1548) was an Italian Cardinal and papal legate. He was from a noble family in Milan, the eighth child of Giovanni Trivulzio di Borgomanero, a Councillor of the Dukes of Milan, and Angela (or Agnolina, or Anna) Marti ...
(1517.07.06 – 1537.08.17); ''in commendam'' 1537.08.17 – 1537.09.06 while transferred as Cardinal-Deacon of S. Eustachio (1537.08.17 – 1537.09.06), finally again Cardinal-Deacon of S. Adriano al Foro (1537.09.06 – 1548.03.30) *
Jean du Bellay Jean du Bellay (1492 – 16 February 1560) was a French diplomat and cardinal, a younger brother of Guillaume du Bellay, and cousin and patron of the poet Joachim du Bellay. He was bishop of Bayonne by 1526, member of the ''Conseil privé'' (pr ...
(1548.04.09 – 1549.02.25, Cardinal priest ''pro hac vice'' *
Odet de Coligny Odet de Coligny (10 July 1517 – 21 March 1571) was a French aristocrat, cardinal, Bishop-elect of Beauvais, Peer of France, and member of the French Royal Council. From 1534 he was usually referred to as the Cardinal of Châtillon. Early li ...
de Châtillon (1549.02.25 – 1563.03.31), became a Protestant, and gave up the Cardinalate and his Deaconry. * Innico d’Avalos d’ Aragona, Military Order of Saint James the Sword (O.S.), (1563.07.30 – 1565.01.19); promoted Cardinal priest ''pro hac vice'' (1480.01.14 – 1483.09.10) * Fulvio Giulio della Corgna, (O.B.E.) (1567.03.03 – 1574.05.05, Cardinal priest ''pro hac vice'' *
Prospero Santacroce Prospero Pubblicola Santacroce (24 September 1514 – 2 October 1589) was an Italian Roman Catholic bishop and cardinal. Biography Santacroce was born in Rome on September 24, 1514, the son of Tarquinio Santacroce and Ersilia de' Massimi. He ...
(1574.05.05 – 1583.03.04), Cardinal priest ''pro hac vice'' * Andrzej Báthory (1584.07.23 – 1587.01.07) *
Girolamo Mattei Girolamo Mattei (8 February 1547 – 8 December 1603) was an Italian Cardinal from the House of Mattei. Biography Mattei was born 8 February 1547, the son of Alessandro Mattei and Emilia Mazzatosta. He was the younger brother of Ciriaco Mattei ...
(1587.01.14 – 1587.04.20) * Agostino Cusani (1589.01.09 – 1591.01.14) *
Odoardo Farnese Odoardo Farnese (28 April 1612 – 11 September 1646), also known as Odoardo I Farnese to distinguish him from his grandson Odoardo II Farnese, was Duke of Parma, Piacenza and Castro from 1622 to 1646. Biography Odoardo was the eldest legit ...
(1591.11.20 – 1595.06.12) * Francesco Mantica (1596.06.21 – 1597.01.24) * Giovanni Battista Deti (1599.03.17 – 1599.12.15) * Alessandro d'Este (1600.04.17 – 1600.11.15) * Giovanni Doria (1605.12.05 – 1623.10.02) * Louis de Nogaret de La Valette (1623.11.20 – 1639.09.27) * Achille d’Estampes de Valençay (1644.05.02 – 1646.06.27) * Francesco Maidalchini (1647.12.16 – 1653.05.05) * Decio Azzolini (1654.03.23 – 1668.03.12) * Carlo Cerri (1670.05.19 – 1690.05.14) *
Giovanni Francesco Albani Pope Clement XI ( la, Clemens XI; it, Clemente XI; 23 July 1649 – 19 March 1721), born Giovanni Francesco Albani, was head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 23 November 1700 to his death in March 1721. Clement XI w ...
(1690.05.22 – 1700.03.30) (later Pope Clement XI) * Pietro Priuli (1706.06.25 – 1720.05.06) *
Alessandro Albani Alessandro Albani (15 October 1692 – 11 December 1779) was a Roman Catholic cardinal, but should be best remembered as a leading collector of antiquities, dealer and art patron in Rome. He supported the art historian, Johann Joachim Winckelmann ...
(1721.09.24 – 1722.09.23) *
Giulio Alberoni Giulio Alberoni (30 May 1664 OS – 26 June NS 1752) was an Italian cardinal and statesman in the service of Philip V of Spain. Early years He was born near Piacenza, probably at the village of Fiorenzuola d'Arda in the Duchy of Parma. His fath ...
(1724.06.12 – 1728.09.20) *
Neri Maria Corsini Neri Maria Corsini (19 May 1685 – 6 December 1770) was an Italian nobleman and Catholic priest and cardinal. Life Born in Florence, Corsini was the second of the two sons of Filippo Corsini and Lucrezia Rinuccini. He traveled widely throug ...
(1731.01.08 – 1737.05.06) * Marcellino Corio (1739.09.30 – 1742.02.20) *
Girolamo De Bardi Girolamo is an Italian variant of the name Hieronymus. Its English equivalent is Jerome. It may refer to: * Girolamo Cardano (1501–1576), Italian Renaissance mathematician, physician, astrologer and gambler * Girolamo Cassar (c. 1520 – after ...
(1743.09.23 – 1753.05.28) * Giovanni Francesco Banchieri (1753.12.10 – 1763.10.18) * Enea Silvio Piccolomini (1766.12.01 – 1768.11.18) * Carlo Livizzani Forni (1785.04.11 – 1794.02.21) * Luigi Gazzoli (1803.09.26 – 1809.01.23) * Lorenzo Prospero Bottini (1817.11.15 – 1818.08.11) *
Cesare Guerrieri Gonzaga Cesare, the Italian version of the given name Caesar, may refer to: Given name * Cesare, Marquis of Beccaria (1738–1794), an Italian philosopher and politician * Cesare Airaghi (1840–1896), Italian colonel * Cesare Arzelà (1847–1912), ...
(1819.12.17 – 1832.02.05) * Giuseppe Ugolini (1838.09.13 – 1855.12.17) *
Camillo Mazzella Camillo Mazzella (10 February 1833 – 26 March 1900) was an Italian Jesuit theologian and cardinal. Biography Mazzella was born at Vitulano, near Benevento. He and his siblings were first tutored at home. Three of his brothers entered ...
,
Jesuits , image = Ihs-logo.svg , image_size = 175px , caption = ChristogramOfficial seal of the Jesuits , abbreviation = SJ , nickname = Jesuits , formation = , founders = ...
(S.J.- (1886.06.10 – 1896.06.22) * José de Calasanz Félix Santiago Vives y Tutó,
O.F.M. Cap. The Order of Friars Minor Capuchin (; postnominal abbr. O.F.M. Cap.) is a religious order of Franciscan friars within the Catholic Church, one of Three " First Orders" that reformed from the Franciscan Friars Minor Observant (OFM Obs., now OFM ...
(1899.06.22 – 1913.09.07) * Evaristo Lucidi (1923.12.23 – 1929.03.31)


References


Bibliography

* Michele Dattoli, ''L'aula del Senato Romano e la chiesa di S. Adriano'' (Roma: Maglione & Strini, 1921). * Antonio Nibby, ''Roma nell'anno MDCCCXXXVIII: pte. I-II. Antica'' (Roma: Tipografia delle belle arti, 1839), pp. 27–32.


Sources and external links



original pictures of the exterior of the church and its conversion

original picture of the pre-1930 interior of the church {{DEFAULTSORT:Adriano Al Foro, Santo Deconsecrated Roman Catholic churches in Rome Roman Senate