Sanjak Of Herzegovina
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The Sanjak of Herzegovina ( tr, Hersek Sancağı; sh, Hercegovački sandžak) was an Ottoman administrative unit established in 1470. The seat was in
Foča Foča ( sr-Cyrl, Фоча, ) is a town and a municipality located in Republika Srpska in south-eastern Bosnia and Herzegovina, on the banks of Drina river. As of 2013, the town has a population of 12,234 inhabitants, while the municipality has 18 ...
until 1572 when it was moved to Taşlıca (Pljevlja). The sanjak was initially part of the Eyalet of Rumelia but was administrated into the
Eyalet of Bosnia The Eyalet of Bosnia ( ota, ایالت بوسنه ,Eyālet-i Bōsnâ; By Gábor Ágoston, Bruce Alan Masters ; sh, Bosanski pašaluk), was an eyalet (administrative division, also known as a ''beylerbeylik'') of the Ottoman Empire, mostly based ...
following its establishment in 1580.


History


15th century

In November 1481 Ayas, an Ottoman general, attacked Novi and captured it probably at the end of January 1482. The sanjak was established between 1483 and 1485. In 1485, Novi was established as a ''
kadiluk A kadiluk, in some cases equivalent to a kaza, was a local administrative subdivision of the Ottoman empire, which was the territory of a kadı, or judge. There could be several kadiluks in a sanjak. The kadı's duties extended beyond those of ...
'' of the sanjak of Herzegovina.


16th century

In 1572, the seat of the sanjak was moved from
Foča Foča ( sr-Cyrl, Фоча, ) is a town and a municipality located in Republika Srpska in south-eastern Bosnia and Herzegovina, on the banks of Drina river. As of 2013, the town has a population of 12,234 inhabitants, while the municipality has 18 ...
to
Pljevlja Pljevlja ( srp, Пљевља, ) is a town and the center of Pljevlja Municipality located in the northern part of Montenegro. The town lies at an altitude of . In the Middle Ages, Pljevlja had been a crossroad of the important commercial roads and ...
. The
Banat Uprising The Uprising in Banat was a rebellion organized and led by Serbian Orthodox bishop Teodor of Vršac and Sava Temišvarac against the Ottomans in the Eyalet of Temeşvar. The uprising broke out in 1594, in the initial stage of the Long Turkish W ...
(1594) had been aided by Serbian Orthodox metropolitans
Rufim Njeguš Rufim Njeguš ( sr-Cyrl, Руфим Његуш; 1594–1631) was the Metropolitan of Cetinje between 1594 and 1636. He succeeded the Metropolitan duo of Nikanor and Stevan (s. 1591–93). Rufim Njeguš and Metropolitan Visarion of Trebinje (s. ...
of Cetinje and Visarion of Trebinje (s. 1590–1602). In 1596 revolts spread into
Ottoman Montenegro The early written records of the history of Montenegro begin with Illyria and its various kingdoms until the Roman Republic incorporated the region into the province of Illyricum (later Dalmatia and Praevalitana) after the Illyro-Roman Wars. In ...
and the neighbouring tribes in Herzegovina, especially under influence of Metropolitan Visarion. A
Ragusan Ragusan may refer to: * citizen of the Republic of Ragusa hr, Sloboda se ne prodaje za sve zlato svijeta it, La libertà non si vende nemmeno per tutto l'oro del mondo"Liberty is not sold for all the gold in the world" , population_estimate ...
document from the beginning of 1596 claims that many Herzegovinian chieftains with the metropolitan gathered in the Trebjesa Monastery where they swore oath "to give up and donate 20,000 heroes to the emperors' light." In 1596,
Grdan Grdan ( sr-cyr, Грдан; 1596–d. 1612) was the '' vojvoda'' (duke) of the Nikšić '' nahija'', part of the Sanjak of Herzegovina (Ottoman Empire), who led several uprisings against the Ottomans in between 1596 and 1612, alongside Serbian Pa ...
, vojvoda of
Nikšić Nikšić ( cnr, Никшић, italic=no, sr-cyrl, Никшић, italic=no; ), is the second largest city in Montenegro, with a total population of 56,970 located in the west of the country, in the centre of the spacious Nikšić field at the foot ...
, and
Serbian Patriarch This article lists the heads of the Serbian Orthodox Church, since the establishment of the church as an autocephalous archbishopric in 1219 to today's patriarchate. The list includes all the archbishops and patriarchs that led the Serbian Ortho ...
Jovan Kantul Jovan Kantul ( sr-cyr, Јован Кантул, 1592 – d. 1614), sometimes numbered Jovan II was the Archbishop of Peć and Serbian Patriarch, the spiritual leader of the Serbian Orthodox Church, from 1592 until his death in 1614. He planned a ...
(s. 1592–1614) led rebels against the Ottomans but were defeated on the
Gacko Gacko ( sr-cyrl, Гацко) is a town and municipality located in Republika Srpska, an entity of Bosnia and Herzegovina. It is situated in the region of East Herzegovina. As of 2013, the town has a population of 5,784 inhabitants, while the m ...
Field in 1597 (see
Serb Uprising of 1596–97 The Serbs ( sr-Cyr, Срби, Srbi, ) are the most numerous South Slavic ethnic group native to the Balkans in Southeastern Europe, who share a common Serbian ancestry, culture, history and language. The majority of Serbs live in the ...
). However, Grdan and Patriarch Jovan would continue to plan revolts against the Ottomans in the coming years.


18th century

In 1737,
Bogić Vučković Bogić Vučković Stratimirović ( sr-cyr, Богић Вучковић Стратимировић, 1735–1745) was a rebel leader in the Sanjak of Herzegovina who organized an uprising in 1737, during the Austro-Russian–Turkish War (1735–173 ...
and his brothers organized an uprising in Herzegovina during the
Austro-Turkish War (1737–39) The term Austro-Turkish War may refer to: * Austro-Turkish War (1593–1606) * Austro-Turkish War (1663–1664) * Austro-Turkish War (1683–1699) * Austro-Turkish War (1716–1718) * Austro-Turkish War (1737–1739) * Austro-Turkish War (1788 ...
.


19th century

At the beginning of the 19th century, the
Bosnia Eyalet The Eyalet of Bosnia ( ota, ایالت بوسنه ,Eyālet-i Bōsnâ; By Gábor Ágoston, Bruce Alan Masters ; sh, Bosanski pašaluk), was an eyalet (administrative division, also known as a ''beylerbeylik'') of the Ottoman Empire, mostly based o ...
was one of the least developed and more autonomous provinces of the Empire. By Mitja Velikonja In 1831, Bosnian kapudan
Husein Gradaščević Husein Gradaščević (''Husein-kapetan'') (31 August 1802 – 17 August 1834) was a Bosnian military commander who later led a rebellion against the Ottoman government, seeking autonomy for Bosnia. Born into a Bosnian noble family, Gradašč ...
occupied
Travnik Travnik is a town and a municipality in Bosnia and Herzegovina. It is the administrative center of Central Bosnia Canton of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina. It is situated in central Bosnia and Herzegovina, west of Sarajevo. As of 201 ...
, demanding autonomy and the end of military reforms in Bosnia. Ultimately, exploiting the rivalries between beys and kapudans, the grand vizier succeeded in detaching the Herzegovinian forces, led by Ali-paša Rizvanbegović, from Gradaščević's. The revolt was crushed, and in 1833, a new Herzegovina Eyalet was created from the southern part of the Bosnia Eyalet and given to Rizvanbegović as a reward for his contribution in crushing the uprising. This new entity lasted only for a few years, being re-integrated into the Bosnia Eyalet after Rizvanbegović's death (1851). In March 1852, Ottoman general
Omar Pasha Omer Pasha, also known as Omer Pasha Latas ( tr, Ömer Lütfi Paşa, sr, Омер-паша Латас, Omer-paša Latas; 24 September 1806 – 18 April 1871) was an Ottoman field marshal and governor. Born in Austrian territory to Serbian Or ...
decided to disarm the Herzegovinians, which sparked an outrage in the region. The chieftain of the Herzegovinians was Luka Vukalović. The refusal of giving up arms resulted in minor fights between Herzegovinians and Turks (local Slavic Muslims), which in turn resulted in an uprising, which Vukalović would lead. In 1875, an uprising broke out in Herzegovina, led by local Serbs against their Ottoman Bosnian lords who treated them harshly and ignored the new reforms announced by Sultan
Abdülmecid I Abdulmejid I ( ota, عبد المجيد اول, ʿAbdü'l-Mecîd-i evvel, tr, I. Abdülmecid; 25 April 182325 June 1861) was the 31st Sultan of the Ottoman Empire and succeeded his father Mahmud II on 2 July 1839. His reign was notable for the r ...
. The rebels were aided with weapons and volunteers from the Principalities of
Montenegro ) , image_map = Europe-Montenegro.svg , map_caption = , image_map2 = , capital = Podgorica , coordinates = , largest_city = capital , official_languages = M ...
and
Serbia Serbia (, ; Serbian language, Serbian: , , ), officially the Republic of Serbia (Serbian language, Serbian: , , ), is a landlocked country in Southeast Europe, Southeastern and Central Europe, situated at the crossroads of the Pannonian Bas ...
, whose governments eventually jointly declared war on the Ottomans on 18 June 1876, leading to the
Serbo-Turkish War (1876–78) The term Serbian-Turkish War or Serbian-Ottoman War may refer to: * Serbian-Turkish War (1371) * Serbian-Turkish War (1389) * Serbian-Turkish War (1804-1813) * Serbian-Turkish War (1815) * Serbian-Turkish War (1876-1877) * Serbian-Turkish War (187 ...
and
Montenegrin–Ottoman War (1876–78) Montenegrin–Ottoman War may refer to: *Montenegrin–Ottoman War (1852–53) *Montenegrin–Ottoman War (1861–62) Montenegrin–Ottoman War may refer to: * Montenegrin–Ottoman War (1852–53) * Montenegrin–Ottoman War (1861–62) *Montenegri ...
, which in turn led to the
Russo-Turkish War (1877–78) The Russo-Turkish wars (or Ottoman–Russian wars) were a series of twelve wars fought between the Russian Empire and the Ottoman Empire between the 16th and 20th centuries. It was one of the longest series of military conflicts in European histor ...
and
Great Eastern Crisis The Great Eastern Crisis of 1875–78 began in the Ottoman Empire's territories on the Balkan peninsula in 1875, with the outbreak of several uprisings and wars that resulted in the intervention of international powers, and was ended with the T ...
. A result of the uprisings and wars was the
Berlin Congress The Congress of Berlin (13 June – 13 July 1878) was a diplomatic conference to reorganise the states in the Balkan Peninsula after the Russo-Turkish War of 1877–78, which had been won by Russia against the Ottoman Empire. Represented at th ...
in 1878, which gave Montenegro and Serbia independence and territorial expansion, while Austro-Hungary occupied Bosnia and Herzegovina for 30 years, while it still was ''de jure'' Ottoman territory. The Austro-Hungarian occupation and Montenegrin expansion of
Old Herzegovina Old Herzegovina ( sr, Стара Херцеговина, Stara Hercegovina) is a historical region, covering the eastern parts of historical Herzegovina, outside the scope of modern Herzegovina. A large section of ''Old Herzegovina'' belongs to ...
marks the end of the Sanjak of Herzegovina.


Governors

*Ayas, conqueror (1478–83) *
Hadim Sinan Pasha Hadim is a town and district of Konya Province in the Akdeniz region of Turkey. According to 2000 census, population of the district is 59,941 of which 16,620 live in the town of Hadim. History The area now known as Hadim was settled by a tribe o ...
, sanjak-bey (1504–06) *Kasim Bey *Kara Osman-beg *Sinan Pasha, sanjak-bey (1547–50) *Mehmed Bey Obrinović, sanjak-bey (fl. 1550) * Malkoč-beg, sanjak-bey (1561–63) * Sinan-beg Boljanić, sanjak-bey between the 1550s and 1570s * Hüseyin Pasha Boljanić, sanjak-bey (1567–69) *Sultanzade Mehmed-bey (1586–93) *Ali Paša Čengić (1654) *Arnaut Mustafa Pasha (1664) *Muharem Pasha (1664) * Sohrab Mehmed Pasha (1665) *Ćose Ali Pasha (1666) *Ibrahim Pasha Tešnjak (1667) * Mustafa-beg (fl. 1702) *Alija, sanjak-bey (fl. 1718–19) * Ali-paša Rizvanbegović, Vizier of Herzegovina (1833–51)


See also

*
History of Herzegovina Herzegovina ( or ; sh-Latn-Cyrl, Hercegovina, separator=" / ", Херцеговина, ) is the southern and smaller of two main geographical region of Bosnia and Herzegovina, the other being Bosnia. It has never had strictly defined geograp ...
*
History of Bosnia and Herzegovina Bosnia and Herzegovina, sometimes referred to simply as Bosnia, is a country in Southeast Europe on the Balkan Peninsula. It has had permanent settlement since the Neolithic Age. By the early historical period it was inhabited by Illyrians and Ce ...


References


Sources

*


External links

*
1477 defter of Ottoman Herzegovina - part
{{DEFAULTSORT:Herzegovina, Sanjak of Sanjaks of the Ottoman Empire in Europe
Sanjak of Herzegovina The Sanjak of Herzegovina ( tr, Hersek Sancağı; sh, Hercegovački sandžak) was an Ottoman administrative unit established in 1470. The seat was in Foča until 1572 when it was moved to Taşlıca (Pljevlja). The sanjak was initially part of ...
Sanjak of Herzegovina The Sanjak of Herzegovina ( tr, Hersek Sancağı; sh, Hercegovački sandžak) was an Ottoman administrative unit established in 1470. The seat was in Foča until 1572 when it was moved to Taşlıca (Pljevlja). The sanjak was initially part of ...
Ottoman period in the history of Montenegro 1483 establishments in the Ottoman Empire 1833 disestablishments in the Ottoman Empire States and territories established in 1483 States and territories disestablished in 1833 1473 establishments in Europe 1833 disestablishments in Europe Former subdivisions of Bosnia and Herzegovina during Ottoman period