Sanford's sea eagle (''Haliaeetus sanfordi''), also known as Sanford's fish eagle or the Solomon eagle, is a
sea eagle
A sea eagle or fish eagle (also called erne or ern, mostly in reference to the white-tailed eagle) is any of the birds of prey in the genus ''Haliaeetus'' in the bird of prey family Accipitridae.
Taxonomy and evolution
The genus ''Haliaeetus'' ...
endemic to the
Solomon Islands archipelago
The Solomon Islands (archipelago) is an island group in the western South Pacific Ocean, north-east of Australia. The archipelago is in the Melanesian subregion and bioregion of Oceania and forms the eastern boundary of the Solomon Sea ...
.
Taxonomy
Sanford's sea eagle was discovered by and named after
Dr Leonard C. Sanford, a trustee for the
American Museum of Natural History. The first description was by
Ernst Mayr in 1935. The "sea eagle" name is used to distinguish the
species of the genus ''
Haliaeetus'' from the closely related ''
Ichthyophaga'' true fish eagles. The species was described in 1935 by
Ernst Mayr who noticed that earlier observers had overlooked it, thinking it was a juvenile of the
white-bellied sea eagle.
[ It forms a superspecies with the white-bellied sea eagle. As in other sea eagle species pairs, the other taxon is white-headed. These two are genetically very close, it seems; their lineages separated not longer than 1 million years ago, probably only in the Middle Pleistocene, a few 100,000 years ago.] Both share a dark bill
Bill(s) may refer to:
Common meanings
* Banknote, paper cash (especially in the United States)
* Bill (law), a proposed law put before a legislature
* Invoice, commercial document issued by a seller to a buyer
* Bill, a bird or animal's beak
Pla ...
, talons, and eyes with the other Gondwanan sea eagles.
Description
It can reach a length of and a weight between . Its wingspan is . It is the only large predator on the Solomon Islands. The eagles inhabit coastal forests and lakes up to an altitude of about 1500 m above sea level.
Their plumage is whitish brown to bright brown on the head and the neck. The underparts are brown to reddish brown and dark brown. The upperparts are darkish brown to gray-black. The eyes are bright brown. Uniquely among sea eagles, this species has an entirely dark tail throughout its life.
Breeding
The breeding season is from August to October. The nest consists of two eggs.
Diet
The diet consists of mainly of tideline carrion, fish, molluscs, crabs, tortoises, and sea snake
Sea snakes, or coral reef snakes, are elapid snakes that inhabit marine environments for most or all of their lives. They belong to two subfamilies, Hydrophiinae and Laticaudinae. Hydrophiinae also includes Australasian terrestrial snakes, w ...
s, and more rarely birds and megabats snatched from the rainforest canopy.[Mikula, P., Morelli, F., Lučan, R. K., Jones, D. N., & Tryjanowski, P. (2016). Bats as prey of diurnal birds: a global perspective. Mammal Review.] It has also been reported to feed opportunistically on the northern common cuscus
The northern common cuscus (''Phalanger orientalis''), also known as the gray cuscus, is a species of marsupial in the family Phalangeridae native to northern New Guinea and adjacent smaller islands, but is now also found in the Bismarck Archipel ...
.
In culture
The eagle is often illustrated on postage stamps of the Solomon Islands.
Footnotes
; References
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; Cited works
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{{Taxonbar, from=Q936424
Sanford's sea eagle
Sanford's sea eagle (''Haliaeetus sanfordi''), also known as Sanford's fish eagle or the Solomon eagle, is a sea eagle endemic to the Solomon Islands archipelago.
Taxonomy
Sanford's sea eagle was discovered by and named after Dr Leonard C. Sa ...
Endemic birds of the Solomon Islands
Birds of prey of Oceania
Sanford's sea eagle
Sanford's sea eagle (''Haliaeetus sanfordi''), also known as Sanford's fish eagle or the Solomon eagle, is a sea eagle endemic to the Solomon Islands archipelago.
Taxonomy
Sanford's sea eagle was discovered by and named after Dr Leonard C. Sa ...