The San Juan River (
Spanish: ''Río San Juan''), also known as El Desaguadero ("the drain"), is a river that flows east out of
Lake Nicaragua into the
Caribbean Sea
The Caribbean Sea ( es, Mar Caribe; french: Mer des Caraïbes; ht, Lanmè Karayib; jam, Kiaribiyan Sii; nl, Caraïbische Zee; pap, Laman Karibe) is a sea of the Atlantic Ocean in the tropics of the Western Hemisphere. It is bounded by Mexic ...
. A large section of the
border
Borders are usually defined as geographical boundaries, imposed either by features such as oceans and terrain, or by political entities such as governments, sovereign states, federated states, and other subnational entities. Political borders ca ...
between
Nicaragua
Nicaragua (; ), officially the Republic of Nicaragua (), is the largest country in Central America, bordered by Honduras to the north, the Caribbean to the east, Costa Rica to the south, and the Pacific Ocean to the west. Managua is the coun ...
and
Costa Rica
Costa Rica (, ; ; literally "Rich Coast"), officially the Republic of Costa Rica ( es, República de Costa Rica), is a country in the Central American region of North America, bordered by Nicaragua to the north, the Caribbean Sea to the no ...
runs on the southern bank of the river. It was part, with the lake, of a proposed route for a
Nicaragua Canal
The Nicaraguan Canal ( es, Canal de Nicaragua), formally the Nicaraguan Canal and Development Project (also referred to as the Nicaragua Grand Canal, or the Grand Interoceanic Canal) was a proposed shipping route through Nicaragua to connect t ...
in the 19th century.
The idea of the project has been revived in the last decade, including the possibility of other routes within the country. The
Ecocanal project has obtained a Concession from the
National Assembly of Nicaragua
The National Assembly ( es, Asamblea Nacional) is the legislative branch of the government of Nicaragua founded in 1986 to replace the bicameral National Congress of Nicaragua, which consisted of two chambers.
Composition
The Nicaraguan legis ...
to re-open the San Juan River to commercial barge traffic.
The
Cañas–Jerez Treaty
The Cañas–Jerez Treaty between Costa Rica and Nicaragua was enacted April 15, 1858 as a solution to the growing border tension between the two countries. The treaty was negotiated between Máximo Jerez representing Nicaragua
Nicaragua (; ...
states that Nicaragua owns the waters of the river and that Costa Rica can only use it for commercial navigation on certain parts of the river at Nicaragua's discretion.
The San Juan River is home to freshwater
bull sharks that also go into Lake Nicaragua in addition to a wide array of marine life and
biodiversity
Biodiversity or biological diversity is the variety and variability of life on Earth. Biodiversity is a measure of variation at the genetic ('' genetic variability''), species ('' species diversity''), and ecosystem ('' ecosystem diversity'') ...
.
History
Before the
Panama Canal
The Panama Canal ( es, Canal de Panamá, link=no) is an artificial waterway in Panama that connects the Atlantic Ocean with the Pacific Ocean and divides North and South America. The canal cuts across the Isthmus of Panama and is a condui ...
, the San Juan River was frequently used as a major part of the route from the Atlantic to the Pacific Ocean. Many people, including African slaves, were transported via this route. During the
California Gold Rush
The California Gold Rush (1848–1855) was a gold rush that began on January 24, 1848, when gold was found by James W. Marshall at Sutter's Mill in Coloma, California. The news of gold brought approximately 300,000 people to California f ...
, many people from all over the world traveled to
California
California is a state in the Western United States, located along the Pacific Coast. With nearly 39.2million residents across a total area of approximately , it is the most populous U.S. state and the 3rd largest by area. It is also the m ...
to mine for gold. Tens of thousands took a
steamboat
A steamboat is a boat that is marine propulsion, propelled primarily by marine steam engine, steam power, typically driving propellers or Paddle steamer, paddlewheels. Steamboats sometimes use the ship prefix, prefix designation SS, S.S. or S/S ...
that was operated by the
Accessory Transit Company and was directed by
Cornelius Vanderbilt
Cornelius Vanderbilt (May 27, 1794 – January 4, 1877), nicknamed "the Commodore", was an American business magnate who built his wealth in railroads and shipping. After working with his father's business, Vanderbilt worked his way into lead ...
.
The boat travelled up the San Juan River and across Lake Nicaragua; a
stagecoach
A stagecoach is a four-wheeled public transport coach used to carry paying passengers and light packages on journeys long enough to need a change of horses. It is strongly sprung and generally drawn by four horses although some versions are dra ...
completed the connection to the Pacific coast.
Rapids
As one travels upstream from the Caribbean Sea to Lake Nicaragua, one encounters the following sets of rapids:
*Raudal de Machuca
*Raudal del Mico
*Raudal Los Valos
*Raudal del Castillo (Raudal del Diablo)
*Raudal del Toro
See also
*
Boundary dispute along the San Juan River
*
El Castillo
*
Boca de Sabalos
*
Piracy on Lake Nicaragua
References
External links
*
{{Authority control
Rivers of Nicaragua
Rivers of Costa Rica
Biosphere reserves of Nicaragua
International rivers of North America
Costa Rica–Nicaragua border
Lake Nicaragua
Border rivers