''Salmo'' is a

genus Genus ( plural genera ) is a taxonomic rank used in the biological classification of living and fossil organisms as well as viruses. In the hierarchy of biological classification, genus comes above species and below family. In binomial nom ...

ray-finned fish Actinopterygii (; ), members of which are known as ray-finned fishes, is a class of bony fish. They comprise over 50% of living vertebrate species. The ray-finned fishes are so called because their fins are webs of skin supported by bony or h ...

from the

family Family (from la, familia) is a group of people related either by consanguinity (by recognized birth) or affinity (by marriage or other relationship). The purpose of the family is to maintain the well-being of its members and of society. Idea ...

Salmonidae Salmonidae is a family of ray-finned fish that constitutes the only currently extant family in the order Salmoniformes . It includes salmon (both Atlantic and Pacific species), trout (both ocean-going and landlocked), chars, freshwater whitefis ...

. The single ''Salmo'' species naturally found in the Atlantic North America is the Atlantic salmon, whereas the salmon and trout of the Pacific basin belong to another genus, '' Oncorhynchus''. The natural distribution of ''Salmo'' also extends to

North Africa North Africa, or Northern Africa is a region encompassing the northern portion of the African continent. There is no singularly accepted scope for the region, and it is sometimes defined as stretching from the Atlantic shores of Mauritania in ...

and to

West Asia Western Asia, West Asia, or Southwest Asia, is the westernmost subregion of the larger geographical region of Asia, as defined by some academics, UN bodies and other institutions. It is almost entirely a part of the Middle East, and includes Ana ...

around the

Black Sea The Black Sea is a marginal mediterranean sea of the Atlantic Ocean lying between Europe and Asia, east of the Balkans, south of the East European Plain, west of the Caucasus, and north of Anatolia. It is bounded by Bulgaria, Georgia, Rom ...

basin. The

generic Generic or generics may refer to: In business * Generic term, a common name used for a range or class of similar things not protected by trademark * Generic brand, a brand for a product that does not have an associated brand or trademark, other ...

name ''Salmo'' derives from the

Latin Latin (, or , ) is a classical language belonging to the Italic branch of the Indo-European languages. Latin was originally a dialect spoken in the lower Tiber area (then known as Latium) around present-day Rome, but through the power of the ...

''salmō'' (salmon). The number of distinct

species In biology, a species is the basic unit of classification and a taxonomic rank of an organism, as well as a unit of biodiversity. A species is often defined as the largest group of organisms in which any two individuals of the appropriate s ...

and subspecies in ''Salmo'' is a debated issue. Atlantic salmon and brown trout are widespread species, while most of the other

taxa In biology, a taxon (back-formation from ''taxonomy''; plural taxa) is a group of one or more populations of an organism or organisms seen by taxonomists to form a unit. Although neither is required, a taxon is usually known by a particular nam ...

are narrowly distributed forms

endemic Endemism is the state of a species being found in a single defined geographic location, such as an island, state, nation, country or other defined zone; organisms that are indigenous to a place are not endemic to it if they are also found else ...

to single watersheds.

Species

The species currently listed in this genus are: * ''

Salmo abanticus The brown trout (''Salmo trutta'') is a European species of salmonid fish that has been widely introduced into suitable environments globally. It includes purely freshwater populations, referred to as the riverine ecotype, ''Salmo trutta'' morp ...

'' Tortonese, 1954 (Lake Abant trout) * ''

Salmo aestivalis ''Salmo'' is a genus of ray-finned fish from the family Salmonidae. The single ''Salmo'' species naturally found in the Atlantic North America is the Atlantic salmon, whereas the salmon and trout of the Pacific basin belong to another genus, ''O ...

'' Fortunatov, 1926 (Lake Sevan summer trout) * ''

Salmo akairos ''Salmo akairos'' is a species of trout, a salmonid fish, endemic to Lake Ifni, a lake less than one square kilometer in size located at an altitude of 2300 m in Morocco Morocco (),, ) officially the Kingdom of Morocco, is the wester ...

'' Delling & Doadrio, 2005 (Lake Ifni trout) * ''

Salmo aphelios ''Salmo aphelios'' is a species of trout, a salmonid fish endemic to Lake Ohrid in North Macedonia and Albania in the Balkans. ''Salmo aphelios'' is one of four different forms of the Ohrid trout complex within the single lake, along with '' S. ...

'' Kottelat, 1997 (summer trout) * ''

Salmo balcanicus ''Salmo balcanicus'' is a type of trout, a fish in the family Salmonidae. It is endemic to Lake Ohrid and its outlet in North Macedonia and Albania in the Balkans. ''Salmo balcanicus'' is one of four different forms of the Ohrid trout complex wh ...

'' ( S. L. Karaman, 1927) (Struga trout) *''

Salmo baliki ''Salmo baliki'' is a species of trout, a salmonid fish, is described from the Murat River, a drainage of the Euphrates River The Euphrates () is the longest and one of the most historically important rivers of Western Asia. Together with t ...

'' Davut Turan, İsmail Aksu, Münevver Oral, Cüneyt Kaya, Esra Bayçelebi - 2021Turan D, Aksu İ, Oral M, Kaya C, Bayçelebi E (2021) Contribution to the trout of Euphrates River, with description of a new species, and range extension of Salmo munzuricus (Salmoniformes, Salmonidae). Zoosystematics and Evolution 97(2): 471-482. https://doi.org/10.3897/zse.97.72181 * ''

Salmo carpio ''Salmo carpio'', also known as the carpione (''carpione del Garda''Crivelli, A.J. 2006''Salmo carpio''In: IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2010.1. Downloaded on 2 April 2010 or ''Lake Garda carpione''S. Melotto, G. Alessio (2006Biol ...

Linnaeus Carl Linnaeus (; 23 May 1707 – 10 January 1778), also known after his ennoblement in 1761 as Carl von Linné Blunt (2004), p. 171. (), was a Swedish botanist, zoologist, taxonomist, and physician who formalised binomial nomenclature, the ...

, 1758 (Lake Garda trout) * '' Salmo caspius'' Kessler, 1877 (Caspian trout) * '' Salmo cettii''

Rafinesque Constantine Samuel Rafinesque-Schmaltz (; October 22, 1783September 18, 1840) was a French 19th-century polymath born near Constantinople in the Ottoman Empire and self-educated in France. He traveled as a young man in the United States, ultimat ...

, 1810 (Mediterranean trout) * '' Salmo ciscaucasicus''

Dorofeeva Nadiia Volodymyrivna Dorofieieva ( uk, Надія Володимирівна Дорофєєва; born 21 April 1990), professionally known as DOROFEEVA, is a Ukrainian pop singer, fashion designer, blogger, actress and a former member of the po ...

, 1967 (Terek trout) * '' Salmo coruhensis'' Turan, Kottelat & Engin, 2010 (Çoruh river trout) * '' Salmo danilewskii'' (Gul'elmi, 1888) (Gokcha lake trout) * ''

Salmo dentex ''Salmo dentex'' is a variety of trout, a freshwater fish in the family Salmonidae, found in the western Balkans. Until recently the identity, biological distinctness and species status of the dentex trout were not properly clarified, but geneti ...

'' ( Heckel, 1851) (Zubatak trout) Salmo dentex

* '' Salmo euphrataeus'' Turan, Kottelat & Engin, 2014 (Euphrates trout) * '' Salmo ezenami'' L. S. Berg, 1948 (Kezenoi-am trout) * ''

Salmo farioides ''Salmo farioides'', commonly known as the West Balkan trout, the Adriatic brown trout, or the Balkan brook trout, is a species of ray-finned fish found in the Balkans, including Albania, Croatia, North Macedonia, among others. It is an important ...

'' S. L. Karaman, 1938 (Balkan brook trout) * '' Salmo ferox'' Jardine, 1835 (Ferox trout) * '' Salmo fibreni'' Zerunian & Gandolfi, 1990 (Fibreno trout) * ''

Salmo gegarkuni ''Salmo'' is a genus of ray-finned fish from the family (biology), family Salmonidae. The single ''Salmo'' species naturally found in the Atlantic North America is the Atlantic salmon, whereas the salmon and trout of the Pacific basin belong to ...

'' Kessler, 1877 (Gokcha trout) * ''

Salmo ischchan The Sevan trout (''Salmo ischchan'') is an endemic fish species of Lake Sevan in Armenia, known as ishkhan (իշխան, ) in Armenian. It is a salmonid fish related to the brown trout. The fish is endangered, because various competitors were ...

'' Kessler, 1877 (Sevan trout) * ''

Salmo kottelati ''Salmo kottelati'' is a species of trout endemic to the Alakır Stream of Antalya Province in southern Turkey. It was previously considered part of '' Salmo macrostigma'' (''Salmo trutta macrostigma''). Etymology The fish is named in honor of S ...

'' Turan, Doğan,

Kaya Kaya may refer to: People *Kaya (given name) *Kaya (surname) Places *Kaya, Burkina Faso, a town in Burkina Faso, capital of the department *Kaya Airport, serving the town * Kaya Department, a department or commune of Sanmatenga Province in centr ...

, & Kanyılmaz, 2014 (Alakir trout) * '' Salmo labecula'' Turan, Kottelat & Engin, 2012 * '' Salmo labrax''

Pallas Pallas may refer to: Astronomy * 2 Pallas asteroid ** Pallas family, a group of asteroids that includes 2 Pallas * Pallas (crater), a crater on Earth's moon Mythology * Pallas (Giant), a son of Uranus and Gaia, killed and flayed by Athena * Pa ...

, 1814 (Black Sea trout) * '' Salmo letnica'' (S. L. Karaman, 1924) (Pestani trout) * ''

Salmo lourosensis ''Salmo'' is a genus of ray-finned fish from the family Salmonidae. The single ''Salmo'' species naturally found in the Atlantic North America is the Atlantic salmon, whereas the salmon and trout of the Pacific basin belong to another genus, '' ...

'' Delling, 2011 (Louros trout) * ''

Salmo lumi ''Salmo lumi'' is a type of trout, a fish in the family Salmonidae. It is endemic to Lake Ohrid and its tributaries in Albania and North Macedonia. ''Salmo lumi'' is one of four different forms of the Ohrid trout complex within Lake Ohrid, alon ...

'' G. D. Poljakov, Filipi, Basho & Hysenaj, 1958 (Lumi trout) * ''

Salmo macedonicus ''Salmo macedonicus'' is a species of fish in the family Salmonidae. It is found only in rivers in the upper Vardar river basin in North Macedonia. It is threatened by habitat loss Habitat destruction (also termed habitat loss and habitat r ...

'' (S. L. Karaman, 1924) (Macedonian trout) * ''

Salmo macrostigma ''Salmo macrostigma'' is a species of freshwater trout endemic to Algeria in northwest Africa. It can reach a length of TL. The name ''Salmo trutta macrostigma'' (or ''Salmo macrostigma'') has previously been used of many populations also in o ...

'' ( A. H. A. Duméril, 1858) (Maghreb trout) * ''

Salmo marmoratus ''Salmo marmoratus'', the marble trout, is a species of freshwater fish in the family Salmonidae. It is characterized by a distinctive marbled color pattern and high growth capacity. The marble trout is found in only a handful of drainages and ...

'' G. Cuvier, 1829 (marble trout) * '' Salmo montenigrinus'' (S. L. Karaman, 1933) (Montenegro trout) * ''

Salmo multipunctata ''Salmo'' is a genus of ray-finned fish from the family Salmonidae. The single ''Salmo'' species naturally found in the Atlantic North America is the Atlantic salmon, whereas the salmon and trout of the Pacific basin belong to another genus, '' ...

'' Doadrio,

Perea Perea or Peraea (Greek: Περαία, " the country beyond") was the portion of the kingdom of Herod the Great occupying the eastern side of the Jordan River valley, from about one third the way down the Jordan River segment connecting the Sea ...

& Yahyaoui, 2015 (Draa trout) Doadrio, I., Perea, S. & Yahyaoui, A. (2015): Two new species of atlantic trout (Actinopterygii, Salmonidae) from Morocco. ''Graellsia, 71 (2): e031.'' * '' Salmo nigripinnis'' Günther, 1866 (Sonaghen trout) * ''

Salmo obtusirostris ''Salmo obtusirostris'', also known as the Adriatic trout, Adriatic salmon, and softmouth trout, is a species of salmonid fish endemic to the rivers of Western Balkans in southeastern Europe. The scientific name has changed several times thr ...

'' ( Heckel, 1851) ** '' S. o. krkensis'' (S. L. Karaman, 1927) (Krka softmouth trout) ** '' S. o. obtusirostris'' Heckel, 1851 (softmouth trout) ** '' S. o. oxyrhynchus'' ( Steindachner, 1882) (Neretva softmouth trout) ** '' S. o. salonitana'' (S. L. Karaman, 1927) (Jadro softmouth trout) ** '' S. o. zetenzis'' ( Hadžišče, 1961) (Zeta softmouth trout) * '' Salmo ohridanus'' Steindachner, 1892 (Ohrid trout) * '' Salmo okumusi'' Turan, Kottelat & Engin, 2014 (Western Euphrates trout) * ''

Salmo opimus ''Salmo opimus'' is a salmonid fish in the genus ''Salmo''. It was described by Davut Turan, Maurice Kottelat and Semih Engin in 2012, and is known from Turkey. The Type locality (biology), type locality was the Alara Stream in Gündoğmuş, Anta ...

'' Turan, Kottelat & Engin, 2012 * †''

Salmo pallaryi The Lake Sidi Ali trout (''Salmo pallaryi'') is an extinct species of salmonid fish that inhabited a single lake in the Atlas mountains of northern Morocco Morocco (),, ) officially the Kingdom of Morocco, is the westernmost country ...

'' Pellegrin, 1924 (Sidi Ali trout) * '' Salmo pelagonicus'' S. L. Karaman, 1938 (Pelagonian trout) * ''

Salmo pellegrini ''Salmo'' is a genus of ray-finned fish from the family Salmonidae. The single ''Salmo'' species naturally found in the Atlantic North America is the Atlantic salmon, whereas the salmon and trout of the Pacific basin belong to another genus, '' ...

'' F. Werner, 1931 (Tensift trout) * ''

Salmo peristericus ''Salmo peristericus'', or the Prespa troutKoutseri I et al. (2010Species Action Plan for the Endemic Prespa Trout, ''Salmo peristericus'': A Conservation Toolwww.balwois.com is a variety of trout, a freshwater fish in the family Salmonidae. It i ...

'' S. L. Karaman, 1938 (Prespa trout) * '' Salmo platycephalus'' Behnke, 1968 (flathead trout) * '' Salmo rhodanensis'' Fowler, 1974 (Rhône trout) * '' Salmo rizeensis'' Turan, Kottelat & Engin, 2010 (Rize River trout) * '' Salmo salar''

, 1758 (Atlantic salmon) Salmo salar flipped

* ''

Salmo schiefermuelleri ''Salmo schiefermuelleri'' is a designation for populations of trout in some subalpine lakes of Austria, whose taxonomical status is however unclear and which are suspected to be extinct. In their ''Handbook of European Freshwater Fishes'' (2007 ...

'' Bloch, 1784 (Austrian Lakes trout) Cuvier-102-truite de mer

* '' Salmo stomachicus'' Günther, 1866 (Gillaroo trout) Les poissons Salmo stomachicus

* '' Salmo taleri'' (S. L. Karaman, 1933) (Zeta trout) * '' Salmo tigridis'' Turan, Kottelat & Bektaş, 2011 (Upper Tigris trout) * ''

Salmo trutta The brown trout (''Salmo trutta'') is a European species of salmonid fish that has been widely introduced into suitable environments globally. It includes purely freshwater populations, referred to as the riverine ecotype, ''Salmo trutta'' morph ...

, 1758

** '' S. t. aralensis'' L. S. Berg, 1908 (Aral trout) ** '' S. t. fario''

, 1758 (brown trout) ** '' S. t. lacustris''

, 1758 (lake trout) ** '' S. t. oxianus'' Kessler, 1874 (Amu-Darya trout) ** '' S. t. trutta''

, 1758 (sea trout) * '' Salmo viridis'' Doadrio,

& Yahyaoui, 2015 (green trout)

References

{{Taxonbar, from=Q310436 Extant Miocene first appearances Ray-finned fish genera Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus