''Salmo'' is a

genus Genus ( plural genera ) is a taxonomic rank used in the biological classification of living and fossil organisms as well as viruses. In the hierarchy of biological classification, genus comes above species and below family. In binomial nom ...

ray-finned fish Actinopterygii (; ), members of which are known as ray-finned fishes, is a class of bony fish. They comprise over 50% of living vertebrate species. The ray-finned fishes are so called because their fins are webs of skin supported by bony or h ...

from the

family Family (from la, familia) is a group of people related either by consanguinity (by recognized birth) or affinity (by marriage or other relationship). The purpose of the family is to maintain the well-being of its members and of society. Idea ...

Salmonidae Salmonidae is a family of ray-finned fish that constitutes the only currently extant family in the order Salmoniformes . It includes salmon (both Atlantic and Pacific species), trout (both ocean-going and landlocked), chars, freshwater whitefis ...

. The single ''Salmo'' species naturally found in the Atlantic North America is the Atlantic salmon, whereas the salmon and trout of the Pacific basin belong to another genus, ''

Oncorhynchus ''Oncorhynchus'' is a genus of fish in the family Salmonidae; it contains the Pacific salmon and Pacific trout. The name of the genus is derived from the Greek ὄγκος (ónkos, “lump, bend”) + ῥύγχος (rhúnkhos, “snout”), in ...

''. The natural distribution of ''Salmo'' also extends to

North Africa North Africa, or Northern Africa is a region encompassing the northern portion of the African continent. There is no singularly accepted scope for the region, and it is sometimes defined as stretching from the Atlantic shores of Mauritania in ...

and to

West Asia Western Asia, West Asia, or Southwest Asia, is the westernmost subregion of the larger geographical region of Asia, as defined by some academics, UN bodies and other institutions. It is almost entirely a part of the Middle East, and includes ...

around the

Black Sea The Black Sea is a marginal mediterranean sea of the Atlantic Ocean lying between Europe and Asia, east of the Balkans, south of the East European Plain, west of the Caucasus, and north of Anatolia. It is bounded by Bulgaria, Georgia, Rom ...

basin. The

generic Generic or generics may refer to: In business * Generic term, a common name used for a range or class of similar things not protected by trademark * Generic brand, a brand for a product that does not have an associated brand or trademark, other ...

name ''Salmo'' derives from the

Latin Latin (, or , ) is a classical language belonging to the Italic languages, Italic branch of the Indo-European languages. Latin was originally a dialect spoken in the lower Tiber area (then known as Latium) around present-day Rome, but through ...

''salmō'' (salmon). The number of distinct

species In biology, a species is the basic unit of classification and a taxonomic rank of an organism, as well as a unit of biodiversity. A species is often defined as the largest group of organisms in which any two individuals of the appropriat ...

and

subspecies In biological classification, subspecies is a rank below species, used for populations that live in different areas and vary in size, shape, or other physical characteristics ( morphology), but that can successfully interbreed. Not all specie ...

in ''Salmo'' is a debated issue. Atlantic salmon and brown trout are widespread species, while most of the other

taxa In biology, a taxon (back-formation from ''taxonomy''; plural taxa) is a group of one or more populations of an organism or organisms seen by taxonomists to form a unit. Although neither is required, a taxon is usually known by a particular nam ...

are narrowly distributed forms

endemic Endemism is the state of a species being found in a single defined geographic location, such as an island, state, nation, country or other defined zone; organisms that are indigenous to a place are not endemic to it if they are also found else ...

to single

watershed Watershed is a hydrological term, which has been adopted in other fields in a more or less figurative sense. It may refer to: Hydrology * Drainage divide, the line that separates neighbouring drainage basins * Drainage basin, called a "watershe ...

Species

The species currently listed in this genus are: * '' Salmo abanticus'' Tortonese, 1954 (Lake Abant trout) * '' Salmo aestivalis'' Fortunatov, 1926 (Lake Sevan summer trout) * '' Salmo akairos'' Delling & Doadrio, 2005 (Lake Ifni trout) * ''

Salmo aphelios ''Salmo aphelios'' is a species of trout, a salmonid fish endemic to Lake Ohrid in North Macedonia and Albania in the Balkans. ''Salmo aphelios'' is one of four different forms of the Ohrid trout complex within the single lake, along with '' S. ...

Kottelat Maurice Kottelat (born 16 July 1957 in Delémont, SwitzerlandCo ...

, 1997 (summer trout) * ''

Salmo balcanicus ''Salmo balcanicus'' is a type of trout, a fish in the family Salmonidae. It is endemic to Lake Ohrid and its outlet in North Macedonia and Albania in the Balkans. ''Salmo balcanicus'' is one of four different forms of the Ohrid trout complex wh ...

'' ( S. L. Karaman, 1927) (Struga trout) *'' Salmo baliki'' Davut Turan, İsmail Aksu, Münevver Oral, Cüneyt Kaya, Esra Bayçelebi - 2021Turan D, Aksu İ, Oral M, Kaya C, Bayçelebi E (2021) Contribution to the trout of Euphrates River, with description of a new species, and range extension of Salmo munzuricus (Salmoniformes, Salmonidae). Zoosystematics and Evolution 97(2): 471-482. https://doi.org/10.3897/zse.97.72181 * ''

Salmo carpio ''Salmo carpio'', also known as the carpione (''carpione del Garda''Crivelli, A.J. 2006''Salmo carpio''In: IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2010.1. Downloaded on 2 April 2010 or ''Lake Garda carpione''S. Melotto, G. Alessio (2006Biol ...

Linnaeus Carl Linnaeus (; 23 May 1707 – 10 January 1778), also known after his ennoblement in 1761 as Carl von Linné Blunt (2004), p. 171. (), was a Swedish botanist, zoologist, taxonomist, and physician who formalised binomial nomenclature, the ...

1758 Events January–March * January 1 – Swedish biologist Carl Linnaeus (Carl von Linné) publishes in Stockholm the first volume (''Animalia'') of the 10th edition of ''Systema Naturae'', the starting point of modern zoologi ...

(Lake Garda trout) * '' Salmo caspius''

Kessler Kessler or Keßler (in German) may refer to: * Kessler (automobile), an American automobile made 1921–1922 * Kessler (name), people named Kessler * ''Kessler'' (TV series), a British television series from 1981 * Kessler, Ohio, an unincorporat ...

, 1877 (Caspian trout) * ''

Salmo cettii ''Salmo cettii'', or the Mediterranean trout, is a species of trout, a freshwater fish in the family Salmonidae. It lives in the Mediterranean region in Corsica, Sardinia, Sicily, and on the Italian mainland in the Magra drainage and further ...

Rafinesque Constantine Samuel Rafinesque-Schmaltz (; October 22, 1783September 18, 1840) was a French 19th-century polymath born near Constantinople in the Ottoman Empire and self-educated in France. He traveled as a young man in the United States, ultimat ...

, 1810 (Mediterranean trout) * '' Salmo ciscaucasicus''

Dorofeeva Nadiia Volodymyrivna Dorofieieva ( uk, Надія Володимирівна Дорофєєва; born 21 April 1990), professionally known as DOROFEEVA, is a Ukrainian pop singer, fashion designer, blogger, actress and a former member of the po ...

, 1967 (Terek trout) * ''

Salmo coruhensis ''Salmo coruhensis'' is a species of trout, a freshwater salmonid fish. It lives in streams flowing into the Black Sea, in Turkey and possibly Georgia Georgia most commonly refers to: * Georgia (country), a country in the Caucasus region of Eu ...

'' Turan, Kottelat & Engin, 2010 (Çoruh river trout) * '' Salmo danilewskii'' (Gul'elmi, 1888) (Gokcha lake trout) * ''

Salmo dentex ''Salmo dentex'' is a variety of trout, a freshwater fish in the family Salmonidae, found in the western Balkans. Until recently the identity, biological distinctness and species status of the dentex trout were not properly clarified, but genet ...

'' ( Heckel, 1851) (Zubatak trout) Salmo dentex

* '' Salmo euphrataeus'' Turan, Kottelat & Engin, 2014 (Euphrates trout) * '' Salmo ezenami'' L. S. Berg, 1948 (Kezenoi-am trout) * ''

Salmo farioides ''Salmo farioides'', commonly known as the West Balkan trout, the Adriatic brown trout, or the Balkan brook trout, is a species of ray-finned fish found in the Balkans, including Albania, Croatia, North Macedonia, among others. It is an important ...

'' S. L. Karaman, 1938 (Balkan brook trout) * ''

Salmo ferox Ferox trout (''Salmo ferox'') is a variety of trout found in oligotrophic lakes/ lochs of Ireland, England, Scotland and Wales. Ferox trout is a traditional name for large, piscivorous trout, which in Scotland feed largely on Arctic char. ...

Jardine Jardine is a surname. Notable people with the surname include: * Al Jardine (born 1942), member of the Beach Boys * Alexander Jardine (Medal of Honor) (1874–1949), American Medal of Honor recipient * Antonio Jardine (born 1988), NCAA college b ...

, 1835 (Ferox trout) * '' Salmo fibreni'' Zerunian & Gandolfi, 1990 (Fibreno trout) * '' Salmo gegarkuni''

, 1877 (Gokcha trout) * '' Salmo ischchan'' Kessler, 1877 (Sevan trout) * ''

Salmo kottelati ''Salmo kottelati'' is a species of trout endemic to the Alakır Stream of Antalya Province in southern Turkey. It was previously considered part of '' Salmo macrostigma'' (''Salmo trutta macrostigma''). Etymology The fish is named in honor of S ...

'' Turan, Doğan, Kaya, & Kanyılmaz, 2014 (Alakir trout) * '' Salmo labecula'' Turan, Kottelat & Engin, 2012 * '' Salmo labrax''

Pallas Pallas may refer to: Astronomy * 2 Pallas asteroid ** Pallas family, a group of asteroids that includes 2 Pallas * Pallas (crater), a crater on Earth's moon Mythology * Pallas (Giant), a son of Uranus and Gaia, killed and flayed by Athena * Pa ...

, 1814 (Black Sea trout) * ''

Salmo letnica Ohrid trout or the Lake Ohrid brown trout
Balkan trout restoration group. Downloaded on 20 May 2010. (''Sal ...

'' (S. L. Karaman, 1924) (Pestani trout) * '' Salmo lourosensis'' Delling, 2011 (Louros trout) * ''

Salmo lumi ''Salmo lumi'' is a type of trout, a fish in the family Salmonidae. It is endemic to Lake Ohrid and its tributaries in Albania and North Macedonia. ''Salmo lumi'' is one of four different forms of the Ohrid trout complex within Lake Ohrid, alon ...

'' G. D. Poljakov, Filipi, Basho & Hysenaj, 1958 (Lumi trout) * '' Salmo macedonicus'' (S. L. Karaman, 1924) (Macedonian trout) * ''

Salmo macrostigma ''Salmo macrostigma'' is a species of freshwater trout endemic to Algeria in northwest Africa. It can reach a length of TL. The name ''Salmo trutta macrostigma'' (or ''Salmo macrostigma'') has previously been used of many populations also in o ...

'' ( A. H. A. Duméril, 1858) (Maghreb trout) * '' Salmo marmoratus'' G. Cuvier, 1829 (marble trout) * '' Salmo montenigrinus'' (S. L. Karaman, 1933) (Montenegro trout) * '' Salmo multipunctata'' Doadrio,

Perea Perea or Peraea (Greek: Περαία, " the country beyond") was the portion of the kingdom of Herod the Great occupying the eastern side of the Jordan River valley, from about one third the way down the Jordan River segment connecting the Sea ...

& Yahyaoui, 2015 (Draa trout) Doadrio, I., Perea, S. & Yahyaoui, A. (2015): Two new species of atlantic trout (Actinopterygii, Salmonidae) from Morocco. ''Graellsia, 71 (2): e031.'' * '' Salmo nigripinnis'' Günther, 1866 (Sonaghen trout) * ''

Salmo obtusirostris ''Salmo obtusirostris'', also known as the Adriatic trout, Adriatic salmon, and softmouth trout, is a species of salmonid fish endemic to the rivers of Western Balkans in southeastern Europe. The scientific name has changed several times throu ...

'' ( Heckel, 1851) ** '' S. o. krkensis'' (S. L. Karaman, 1927) (Krka softmouth trout) ** '' S. o. obtusirostris'' Heckel, 1851 (softmouth trout) ** '' S. o. oxyrhynchus'' (

Steindachner Franz Steindachner (11 November 1834 in Vienna – 10 December 1919 in Vienna) was an Austrian zoologist, ichthyologist, and herpetologist. He published over 200 papers on fishes and over 50 papers on reptiles and amphibians. Steindachner describ ...

, 1882) (Neretva softmouth trout) ** '' S. o. salonitana'' (S. L. Karaman, 1927) (Jadro softmouth trout) ** '' S. o. zetenzis'' ( Hadžišče, 1961) (Zeta softmouth trout) * '' Salmo ohridanus'' Steindachner, 1892 (Ohrid trout) * '' Salmo okumusi'' Turan, Kottelat & Engin, 2014 (Western Euphrates trout) * ''

Salmo opimus ''Salmo opimus'' is a salmonid fish in the genus ''Salmo''. It was described by Davut Turan, Maurice Kottelat and Semih Engin in 2012, and is known from Turkey. The Type locality (biology), type locality was the Alara Stream in Gündoğmuş, Anta ...

'' Turan, Kottelat & Engin, 2012 *

† A dagger, obelisk, or obelus is a typographical mark that usually indicates a footnote if an asterisk has already been used. The symbol is also used to indicate death (of people) or extinction (of species). It is one of the modern descendan ...

Salmo pallaryi The Lake Sidi Ali trout (''Salmo pallaryi'') is an extinct species of salmonid fish that inhabited a single lake in the Atlas mountains of northern Morocco, at higher than 2000 metres elevation. It went extinct in the 1930s, probably because of ...

'' Pellegrin, 1924 (Sidi Ali trout) * '' Salmo pelagonicus'' S. L. Karaman, 1938 (Pelagonian trout) * '' Salmo pellegrini'' F. Werner, 1931 (Tensift trout) * '' Salmo peristericus'' S. L. Karaman, 1938 (Prespa trout) * '' Salmo platycephalus'' Behnke, 1968 (flathead trout) * '' Salmo rhodanensis'' Fowler, 1974 (Rhône trout) * '' Salmo rizeensis'' Turan, Kottelat & Engin, 2010 (Rize River trout) * ''

Salmo salar The Atlantic salmon (''Salmo salar'') is a species of ray-finned fish in the family Salmonidae. It is the third largest of the Salmonidae, behind Siberian taimen and Pacific Chinook salmon, growing up to a meter in length. Atlantic salmon ar ...

(Atlantic salmon) Salmo salar flipped

* ''

Salmo schiefermuelleri ''Salmo schiefermuelleri'' is a designation for populations of trout in some subalpine lakes of Austria, whose taxonomical status is however unclear and which are suspected to be extinct. In their ''Handbook of European Freshwater Fishes'' (2007 ...

Bloch Bloch is a surname of German origin. Notable people with this surname include: A–F * (1859-1914), French rabbi *Adele Bloch-Bauer (1881-1925), Austrian entrepreneur *Albert Bloch (1882–1961), American painter * (born 1972), German motor journal ...

, 1784 (Austrian Lakes trout) Cuvier-102-truite de mer

* ''

Salmo stomachicus Gillaroo (''Salmo stomachicus''}; historically included in ) is a variety of trout which eats primarily snails and is only proven to inhabit Lough Melvin in Ireland. The name gillaroo is derived from the Irish for "red fellow" (); this is d ...

'' Günther, 1866 (Gillaroo trout) Les poissons Salmo stomachicus

* '' Salmo taleri'' (S. L. Karaman, 1933) (Zeta trout) * '' Salmo tigridis'' Turan, Kottelat & Bektaş, 2011 (Upper Tigris trout) * ''

Salmo trutta The brown trout (''Salmo trutta'') is a European species of salmonid fish that has been widely introduced into suitable environments globally. It includes purely freshwater populations, referred to as the riverine ecotype, ''Salmo trutta'' morph ...

** '' S. t. aralensis'' L. S. Berg, 1908 (Aral trout) ** '' S. t. fario''

(brown trout) ** '' S. t. lacustris''

(lake trout) ** '' S. t. oxianus''

, 1874 (Amu-Darya trout) ** '' S. t. trutta''

(sea trout) * '' Salmo viridis'' Doadrio,

& Yahyaoui, 2015 (green trout)

References

{{Taxonbar, from=Q310436 Extant Miocene first appearances Ray-finned fish genera Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus