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Saint-Laurent () is a borough of the city of Montreal, Canada, located in the northern part of the island. Although it is no longer an independent city, it is still commonly known as Ville Saint-Laurent (''City of Saint-Laurent'') or by its initials, ''VSL''. Saint-Laurent is the largest of Montreal's boroughs by land area. Its population was 98,828 inhabitants in 2016.


History

The history of Saint-Laurent begins in the end of the 17th century with the settling of the lands given by Maisonneuve, first governor of Montreal, then by the
Sulpicians The Society of Priests of Saint-Sulpice (french: Compagnie des Prêtres de Saint-Sulpice), abbreviated PSS also known as the Sulpicians is a society of apostolic life of Pontifical Right for men, named after the Church of Saint-Sulpice, Paris, ...
, lords of Montreal's island, to Jean Descarie. His three sons were the first to settle on the lands of Cote Saint-Laurent in 1687. After the signing of the Great Peace of Montreal in 1701, 19 other settlers joined them and built a chapel the next year.


The Parish of Saint-Laurent

On September 20, 1720, Saint-Laurent was founded as the Parish of Saint-Laurent. On March 3, 1722, its territory was defined, it then had 29 scattered dwellings. On August 10, 1735, a new church was erected next to the intersection of Montée Saint-Laurent (future Sainte-Croix boulevard) and Chemin de la Côte-Vertu. Its central location in the parish, halfway between the Côte Saint-Laurent and the Côte Notre-Dame, facilitating access, will become the heart of a village. Indeed, it was along Montée Saint-Laurent, the axis linking Ville-Marie to the North Shore, that the first businesses developed, notably inns and blacksmiths to serve travellers. By 1740, all the lands administered by the Sulpicians were granted to settlers. 162 families lived there in 1765. After the cession of New France to Great Britain, Saint-Laurent experienced no population exodus and Scottish families joined the French Canadians. In 1825, the parish was the most populated on the Island of Montreal outside of those of the city of Montreal. It was then an agricultural village, market gardening being the specialty of the place. In 1837, the church of Saint-Laurent, damaged by lightning in 1806, was rebuilt. On May 15 of the same year,
Louis-Joseph Papineau Louis-Joseph Papineau (October 7, 1786 – September 23, 1871), born in Montreal, Quebec, was a politician, lawyer, and the landlord of the ''seigneurie de la Petite-Nation''. He was the leader of the reformist Patriote movement before the Lower ...
made one of the most important speeches of his career there in front of his supporters gathered on the square. The growth of the village began with the arrival of the Fathers of Sainte-Croix
religious congregation A religious congregation is a type of religious institute in the Catholic Church. They are legally distinguished from religious orders – the other major type of religious institute – in that members take simple vows, whereas members of religi ...
in 1847. They built their Canadian headquarters around the church and then, in 1852, an educational establishment: the Industrial Academy. The prestigious reputation of this bilingual school, which took the name of Collège de Saint-Laurent, would make that of the village. In 1885, the arrival of the Grand Trunk Railway between Saint-Laurent and Montreal attracted new industries complementing the exploitation of quarries which had been the main industry since 1860.


The city of Saint-Laurent

On February 27, 1893, the urbanized center of the parish obtained the status of city. There were then 225 houses for 1,225 inhabitants. During the 20th century, the parish was successively amputated of several territories, which would become the Town of Mount-Royal, Cartierville, as well as part of
Dorval Dorval () is an on-island suburban city on the island of Montreal in southwestern Quebec, Canada. In 2016, the Canadian Census indicated that the population increased by 4.2% to 18,980. Although the city has the largest surface area in Montr ...
. The city of Saint-Laurent and the parish of Saint-Laurent will coexist until 1954 and the complete annexation of the latter. In 1896, the Montreal Park and Island Railway Company tramway reached Saint-Laurent along the Grande-Allée-de-Florence (current Decarie Boulevard). The same year, at the instigation of the mayor and promoter Édouard Gohier, the city adopted an urban plan which grouped together the sectors of activity following the
City Beautiful The City Beautiful Movement was a reform philosophy of North American architecture and urban planning that flourished during the 1890s and 1900s with the intent of introducing beautification and monumental grandeur in cities. It was a part of the ...
model. To attract Montreal families to the countryside, the establishment of certain polluting industries (slaughterhouses, distilleries, gasworks) was prohibited and the municipal territory was divided into deep plots bordered by wide tree-lined streets. The city was modernized with the arrival of electric lighting in 1900 and a complete aqueduct system the following year. A town hall, which also served as a fire station, was built in 1912 on the site of the current Vieux-Saint-Laurent library. Ten years later, an hospital opened its doors. On October 21, 1918, the
Deux-Montagnes line Deux-Montagnes or Two Mountains Line (also designated exo6 and formerly Red Line) was formerly a commuter railway line in Greater Montreal, Quebec, Canada. It was owned by Exo, the organization that operates public transport services across thi ...
of the
Canadian Northern Railway The Canadian Northern Railway (CNoR) was a historic Canadian transcontinental railway. At its 1923 merger into the Canadian National Railway , the CNoR owned a main line between Quebec City and Vancouver via Ottawa, Winnipeg, and Edmonton. Mani ...
, the first electrified railway line in Canada, directly linked Saint-Laurent to downtown Montreal. Three stations were built on the municipal territory: Vertu (renamed
Montpellier Montpellier (, , ; oc, Montpelhièr ) is a city in southern France near the Mediterranean Sea. One of the largest urban centres in the region of Occitania, Montpellier is the prefecture of the department of Hérault. In 2018, 290,053 people l ...
), Monkland and Lazard (renamed Val-Royal then Bois-Franc), the terminus. In 1911, an aerodrome, the Bois-Franc Field, was built west of the city. It became
Cartierville airport Cartierville Airport (formerly ) was an airport in Saint-Laurent, Quebec, now a borough of Montreal. The airport (Bois-Franc Field when it opened in 1911 and during World War I) was decommissioned in 1988 and turned into the Bois-Franc neighbou ...
. The aeronautical industry settled there in 1935 with the small factory of Noorduyn Aviation, joined in 1942 by that of Vickers which would become Canadair. It experienced considerable growth during World War II. Tens of thousands of workers took part in the
war effort In politics and military planning, a war effort is a coordinated mobilization of society's resources—both industrial and human—towards the support of a military force. Depending on the militarization of the culture, the relative siz ...
and a first residential suburb, the Norvick district (contraction of Noorduyn-vickers), was built on the model of garden cities to house some of them nearby. After the war, Saint-Laurent experienced an unprecedented economic and demographic boom. While agriculture was gradually disappearing, the expanse of land available in the immediate vicinity of
Dorval airport Dorval () is an on-island suburban city on the island of Montreal in southwestern Quebec, Canada. In 2016, the Canadian Census indicated that the population increased by 4.2% to 18,980. Although the city has the largest surface area in Montré ...
and the metropolitan and Décarie highways favored industrial development to such an extent that Saint-Laurent became the second industrial city in Quebec, behind Montreal. Alongside the factories, new suburbs structured for cars were developing to the north and west of the historic centre. The reconstruction, in 1957, of the Town Hall on new land to the west testifies to the displacement of the center of gravity of the city. In 1968, the College became the
Cégep de Saint-Laurent Cégep de Saint-Laurent is a public French-language college located in the Saint-Laurent borough in Montreal, Quebec, Canada. It is a few doors south of the English-language public college Vanier College. History The college traces its origi ...
. Two years later, an English-speaking public college opened its doors:
Vanier College Vanier College (French language, French: ''Collège Vanier'') is an Quebec English, English-language public College (Quebec), college located in the Saint-Laurent, Quebec, Saint-Laurent borough of Montreal, Quebec, Canada. It was founded in 197 ...
. In addition to bungalows, the 1960s and 1970s saw the construction of large modernist
housing developments A housing estate (or sometimes housing complex or housing development) is a group of homes and other buildings built together as a single development. The exact form may vary from country to country. Popular throughout the United States a ...
on the outskirts of the city.
Streetcars A tram (called a streetcar or trolley in North America) is a rail vehicle that travels on tramway tracks on public urban streets; some include segments on segregated right-of-way. The tramlines or networks operated as public transport are ...
ceased to serve Saint-Laurent at the end of 1959 and were replaced by buses. On January 9, 1984, the metro replaced them with the opening of the Du Collège station. A second station, Côte-Vertu, opened at the end of 1986. Two more were then planned but did not see the light of day following the budgetary restrictions of the 1990s. In the last decade of the 20th century, urban planning continued with projects inspired by
new urbanism New Urbanism is an urban design movement which promotes environmentally friendly habits by creating walkable neighbourhoods containing a wide range of housing and job types. It arose in the United States in the early 1980s, and has gradually in ...
that gave pride of place to green spaces and bodies of water. An industrial park, Technoparc Montréal, was inaugurated in 1992 with the aim of attracting high-tech companies. Today, the Technoparc is Canada's first science park. It is managed by the City of Montreal and brings together more than a hundred companies in the aeronautics, life sciences, pharmaceuticals and technology sectors. In March 1988, the town hall launched a vast housing construction project: the New Saint-Laurent. The same year, the Bombardier group took advantage of the closure of Cartierville airport, which it owned, to propose its conversion into a residential area. Construction of the Bois-Franc district officially began on August 6, 1993, but sales being slower than expected, a golf course was built on unsold land in June 2002. The golf closed in November 2011 and construction resumed.


The borough of Saint-Laurent

The City of Saint-Laurent or ''Ville Saint-Laurent'' was merged into the city of Montreal on January 1, 2002, by the
Parti Québécois The Parti Québécois (; ; PQ) is a sovereignist and social democratic provincial political party in Quebec, Canada. The PQ advocates national sovereignty for Quebec involving independence of the province of Quebec from Canada and establis ...
government. On June 20, 2004, the demerger forces lost a referendum on the issue of recreating Saint-Laurent as a city. While 75% of the turnout voted to demerge, this only represented 28.5% of the total eligible voting population, falling short of the requisite 35% as set by the province. The construction of the Reseau Express Metropolitain will add five light rail stations to the borough in 2023, three of which will replace existing
commuter train Commuter rail, or suburban rail, is a passenger rail transport service that primarily operates within a metropolitan area, connecting commuters to a central city from adjacent suburbs or commuter towns. Generally commuter rail systems are consi ...
stations.


Geography

Saint-Laurent is one of Montreal's outer boroughs located in the north central part of the island. It's bordered by
Pierrefonds-Roxboro Pierrefonds-Roxboro is a borough of the city of Montreal. It was created January 1, 2006, following the demerger of parts of the city. Geography It is composed of the former municipalities of Pierrefonds and Roxboro, spanning the northern par ...
to the west,
Ahuntsic-Cartierville Ahuntsic-Cartierville ( (local accent)) is a borough (''arrondissement'') of the city of Montreal, Quebec, Canada. The borough was created following the 2002 municipal reorganization of Montreal. It comprises two main neighbourhoods, Ahuntsic, ...
to the north and east, and
Côte-des-Neiges Côte-des-Neiges (, ) is a neighbourhood of Montreal, Quebec, Canada. It is located at the geographic centre of the Island of Montreal on the western slope of Mount Royal and is part of the borough of Côte-des-Neiges–Notre-Dame-de-Grâce. Côt ...
and the Town of Mount-Royal to the south. Saint-Laurent is home to many parks including the Bois-de-Liesse Nature Park. Notable neighbourhoods include Bois-Franc, Vieux Saint-Laurent and Norgate.


Demographics

In 2016 the immigrant population was 54 percent.


Economy

Saint-Laurent is the second-largest employment hub within the metropolitan region, after downtown Montréal. Air Canada Centre, also known as ''La Rondelle'' ("The Puck" in
French French (french: français(e), link=no) may refer to: * Something of, from, or related to France ** French language, which originated in France, and its various dialects and accents ** French people, a nation and ethnic group identified with Franc ...
), is
Air Canada Air Canada is the flag carrier and the largest airline of Canada by the size and passengers carried. Air Canada maintains its headquarters in the borough of Saint-Laurent, Montreal, Quebec. The airline, founded in 1937, provides scheduled and ...
's headquarters, located on the grounds of Montréal–Pierre Elliott Trudeau International Airport and in Saint-Laurent.Detailed Map of Dorval
." City of Dorval. Retrieved on November 4, 2010.
In 1990 the airline announced that it was moving its headquarters from
Downtown Montreal Downtown Montreal ( French: ''Centre-Ville de Montréal'') is the central business district of Montreal, Quebec, Canada. The district is situated on the southernmost slope of Mount Royal, and occupies the western portion of the borough of Vill ...
to the airport to cut costs. In addition
Air Transat Air Transat is a Canadian airline based in Montreal, Quebec. Founded in 1986, it is the country's third-largest airline behind Air Canada and WestJet, operating scheduled and charter flights serving 60 destinations in 25 countries. Air Transa ...
's headquarters and a regional office of
Air Canada Jazz The atmosphere of Earth is the layer of gases, known collectively as air, retained by Earth's gravity that surrounds the planet and forms its planetary atmosphere. The atmosphere of Earth protects life on Earth by creating pressure allowing for ...
are in Saint-Laurent and on the grounds of Trudeau Airport. Before its dissolution
Jetsgo Jetsgo Corporation was a Canadian low-cost carrier based in the Saint-Laurent borough of Montreal. Jetsgo served 19 destinations across Canada, 10 destinations in the United States, and 12 scheduled weekend-charter destinations in the Caribbean. ...
was headquartered in Saint-Laurent.
Bombardier Aerospace Bombardier Aviation is a division of Bombardier Inc. It is headquartered in Dorval, Quebec, Canada. Its most popular aircraft included the Dash 8 Series 400, CRJ100/200/440, and CRJ700/900/1000 lines of regional airliners, and the newer CSe ...
has the Amphibious Aircraft Division in Saint-Laurent.
Norgate Shopping Centre This is a list of small shopping centres in the island of Montreal. Baie d'Urfé Plaza Baie d'Urfé Plaza Baie d'Urfé is a small strip mall located in Baie d'Urfé, Quebec, Canada on 90 Morgan Street across from Quebec Autoroute 20. The shopp ...
(a
strip mall A strip mall, strip center or strip plaza is a type of shopping center common in North America where the stores are arranged in a row, with a sidewalk in front. Strip malls are typically developed as a unit and have large parking lots in front. ...
) is the oldest
shopping centre A shopping center (American English) or shopping centre (Commonwealth English), also called a shopping complex, shopping arcade, shopping plaza or galleria, is a group of shops built together, sometimes under one roof. The first known collec ...
in Canada. It was built in Saint-Laurent in 1949, is still operational, and was refurbished in the 2010s. From 1974 to 1979, General Motors Diesel Division buses were built in a plant in Saint-Laurent. Decarie Hot Dog (french: Décarie Hot Dogs; founded 1969) is a greasy spoon diner counter restaurant and landmark located in Saint-Laurent.


Government


Municipal

Saint-Laurent is divided into two electoral districts: * Norman-McLaren (named for
Norman McLaren William Norman McLaren, LL. D. (11 April 1914 – 27 January 1987) was a Scottish Canadian animator, director and producer known for his work for the National Film Board of Canada (NFB).Rosenthal, Alan. ''The new documentary in action: a caseb ...
, a cinema pioneer at the
National Film Board of Canada The National Film Board of Canada (NFB; french: Office national du film du Canada (ONF)) is Canada's public film and digital media producer and distributor. An agency of the Government of Canada, the NFB produces and distributes documentary f ...
, whose headquarters were located in the district from 1956 until 2019) ; * Côte-de-Liesse


Provincial

Provincially Saint-Laurent is divided into two ridings: * Saint-Laurent * Acadie


Federal

Federally the entire borough corresponds exactly to the federal riding of Saint-Laurent.


Infrastructure

Saint-Laurent has three fire stations and two police stations, one municipal court building, two libraries, the former City Hall (now the borough hall). There are two indoor hockey arenas, the municipal ''Raymond Bourque Arena'', named after
Raymond Bourque Raymond Jean Bourque (born December 28, 1960) is a Canadian former professional ice hockey player. He holds records for most career goals, assists, and points by a defenceman in the National Hockey League (NHL). He won the James Norris Memorial ...
a former NHL player and Hockey Hall of Fame member and a Multipurpose Sports Complex. There is also the commercial ''Bonaventure's Arena'' which has rinks available for rent.


Transportation

Saint-Laurent is served by two metro stations, Du Collège and Côte-Vertu, the latter of which also serves as a major bus terminus. There are plans to extend the metro's Orange line to the Bois-Franc REM station with a station at Poirier. Three commuter train stations from the Deux-Montagnes Exo line, Bois-Franc, Du Ruisseau and
Montpellier Montpellier (, , ; oc, Montpelhièr ) is a city in southern France near the Mediterranean Sea. One of the largest urban centres in the region of Occitania, Montpellier is the prefecture of the department of Hérault. In 2018, 290,053 people l ...
, are also located in Saint-Laurent. Autoroutes include Autoroute 15 (Décarie Expressway), Autoroute 40 (Trans Canada), Autoroute 520, and Autoroute 13, and a secondary highway ( Route 117). in addition to major urban boulevards ( Marcel-Laurin Boulevard,
Henri Bourassa Boulevard Henri Bourassa Boulevard (officially in french: Boulevard Henri-Bourassa) is a major east–west street located in Montreal, Quebec, Canada. Located in the north of the island of Montreal, it runs parallel to Gouin Boulevard. Spanning 29 kilomet ...
, Cavendish Boulevard, Côte-Vertu Boulevard,
Decarie Boulevard Autoroute 15 (also called the Décarie Expressway (English) or Autoroute Décarie (French) between the Turcot and Décarie Interchanges in Montreal and the Laurentian Autoroute (English) or Autoroute des Laurentides (French) north of Autorout ...
, Thimens Boulevard). The former
Cartierville Airport Cartierville Airport (formerly ) was an airport in Saint-Laurent, Quebec, now a borough of Montreal. The airport (Bois-Franc Field when it opened in 1911 and during World War I) was decommissioned in 1988 and turned into the Bois-Franc neighbou ...
is no more, having been turned into a residential subdivision called '' Bois-Franc''. Part of
Trudeau International Airport Trudeau is a surname. Notable people with the surname include: *Trudeau family, a notable Canadian family known in politics, business and film, including: **Charles-Émile Trudeau (1887–1935), Canadian businessman and father of Pierre Trudeau * ...
also lies within the territory of Saint-Laurent.


Education

Saint-Laurent contains two CÉGEPs within its limits, one English (
Vanier College Vanier College (French language, French: ''Collège Vanier'') is an Quebec English, English-language public College (Quebec), college located in the Saint-Laurent, Quebec, Saint-Laurent borough of Montreal, Quebec, Canada. It was founded in 197 ...
) and one French (
Cégep de Saint-Laurent Cégep de Saint-Laurent is a public French-language college located in the Saint-Laurent borough in Montreal, Quebec, Canada. It is a few doors south of the English-language public college Vanier College. History The college traces its origi ...
). An art museum, the Saint-Laurent Museum of Art, is located on the campus of Cégep de Saint-Laurent, along with an indoor college hockey rink. Formerly, there was also a bowling alley on the campus. The ''
Commission scolaire Marguerite-Bourgeoys The Marguerite-Bourgeoys School Board (') was a French language public School Board on Montreal Island, Quebec, Canada. Its headquarters was in the Saint-Laurent borough of Montreal. Its education centre was in LaSalle, also in Montreal. It was ...
'' (CSMB) operates Francophone public schools.


Elementary

* ''École Beau-Séjour'' * ''École des Grand Etres'' * ''École Enfant-Soleil'' * ''École Jean-Grou'' * ''École Laurentide'' * ''École Bois-Franc-Aquarelle'' * ''École Édouard-Laurin'' * ''École Jonathan'' * ''École Hébert'' * ''École au Trésor-du-Boisé'' * ''École Cardinal-Léger'' * ''École Enfants-du-Monde'' * ''École Henri-Beaulieu'' * ''École Katimavik''


High school

* ''École Secondaire Saint-Laurent'' (''Édifice Émile-Legault'' and ''Édifice Saint-Germain'')


Specialized

* ''Centre de formation professionnelle Léonard-De Vinci'' (''Édifice Côte-Vertu'' and ''Édifice Thimens'') The
English Montreal School Board The English Montreal School Board (EMSB, french: Commission scolaire English-Montréal – CSEM) is one of five public school boards on the island of Montreal. At 92.4 percent, the English Montreal School Board has the highest rate of students wh ...
(EMSB) operates the following Anglophone public schools


Elementary

* ''Parkdale Elementary School'' * ''Cedarcrest Elementary School'' * ''Gardenview Elementary School''


High school

* ''
LaurenHill Academy LaurenHill Academy (LHA; french: Académie LaurenHill) is an English-language public school in Saint-Laurent, Quebec, Canada. It opened in the fall of 1992, after the closure of St. Laurent High School and Sir Winston Churchill High School, whi ...
''


Specialized

* ''St. Laurent Adult Education Centre''
Trans-Canada Driving School Saint-Laurent
Courses Class 1, 2, 3, 5. For Auto, Bus and Heavy Trucks for over 25 years on Decarie Boulevard.


Private schools

*''École Alex Manoogian de l'U.G.A.B'' (
Armenian Armenian may refer to: * Something of, from, or related to Armenia, a country in the South Caucasus region of Eurasia * Armenians, the national people of Armenia, or people of Armenian descent ** Armenian Diaspora, Armenian communities across the ...
) *'' École Maïmonide, Campus Jacob Safra'' *''École
Montessori The Montessori method of education involves children's natural interests and activities rather than formal teaching methods. A Montessori classroom places an emphasis on hands-on learning and developing real-world skills. It emphasizes indepen ...
Ville-Marie'', ''Campus Saint-Laurent'' *''École bilingue Notre-Dame de Sion'' *''École Education Plus'' Previously it housed a campus of the United Talmud Torahs of Montreal Jewish school.
Kativik School Board The Kativik School Board (KSB; french: Commission scolaire Kativik, iu, ᑲᑎᕕᒃ ᐃᓕᓴᕐᓂᓕᕆᓂᖅ Kativik Ilisarniliriniq) is a school district with territory in Nunavik in northern Quebec; it has an office in the Saint-Laurent are ...
, which operates schools in Nunavik, has its main office here.


Public libraries

The
Montreal Public Libraries Network The Montreal Public Libraries Network (, previously ''Réseau des bibliothèques publiques de Montréal'') is the public library system on the Island of Montreal in Quebec, Canada. It is the largest French language public library system in North A ...
operates the Vieux-Saint-Laurent Branch and the Du Boisé Branch in Saint-Laurent.


International relations


Twin towns — Sister cities

Saint-Laurent is twinned with: * Mérignac, Gironde,
Nouvelle-Aquitaine Nouvelle-Aquitaine (; oc, Nòva Aquitània or ; eu, Akitania Berria; Poitevin-Saintongeais: ''Novéle-Aguiéne'') is the largest administrative region in France, spanning the west and southwest of the mainland. The region was created by t ...
, France * Lethbridge, Alberta, Canada


Notable people

* Ray Bourque, former NHL player. A member of the Hockey Hall of Fame. * Anthony Lukca, professional Canadian footballer *
Pierre Houde Pierre Houde (born July 14, 1957) is a Canadian play-by-play sports announcer for RDS. He has announced broadcasts of Montreal Canadiens games since 1989. Over the years he was partnered with Pierre Bouchard and Yvon Pedneault. From 2007 to 20 ...
, a play-by-play sports announcer for RDS. *
Raoul Jarry __NOTOC__ Raoul is a French variant of the male given name Ralph or Rudolph, and a cognate of Raul. Raoul may also refer to: Given name * Raoul Berger, American legal scholar * Raoul Bova, Italian actor * Radulphus Brito (Raoul le Breton, died ...
, Montreal city councillor and descendant of early settler Berndard Bleignier dit Jarry and son of former village mayor Stanislas Jarry Sr.


See also

*
History of Montreal The history of the area around what is now known as Montreal, Montreal itself was established in 1642, located in what is now known as the province of Quebec, Canada, spans about 8,000 years. At the time of European contact, the area was inha ...
*
Boroughs of Montreal The city of Montreal is divided into 19 boroughs (in French, ''arrondissements''), each with a mayor and council. Powers The borough council is responsible for: *Fire prevention *Removal of household waste and residual materials *Funding of c ...
*
Districts of Montreal This is the list of the neighbourhoods in the city of Montreal, Quebec, Canada. They are sorted by the borough they are located in. Ahuntsic-Cartierville * Ahuntsic * Nouveau-Bordeaux * Cartierville *Saint-Sulpice * Sault-au-Récollet ( � ...
*
Municipal reorganization in Quebec A municipality is usually a single administrative division having corporate status and powers of self-government or jurisdiction as granted by national and regional laws to which it is subordinate. The term ''municipality'' may also mean the go ...


References


References


Bibliography

{{Authority control Boroughs of Montreal Academic enclaves Former cities in Quebec Populated places disestablished in 2002 2002 disestablishments in Quebec