Saccharum formosanum
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''Saccharum'' is a genus of tall
perennial A perennial plant or simply perennial is a plant that lives more than two years. The term ('' per-'' + '' -ennial'', "through the years") is often used to differentiate a plant from shorter-lived annuals and biennials. The term is also wid ...
plants of the broomsedge tribe within the grass family. The genus is widespread across tropical, subtropical, and warm temperate regions in
Africa Africa is the world's second-largest and second-most populous continent, after Asia in both cases. At about 30.3 million km2 (11.7 million square miles) including adjacent islands, it covers 6% of Earth's total surface area ...
,
Eurasia Eurasia (, ) is the largest continental area on Earth, comprising all of Europe and Asia. Primarily in the Northern and Eastern Hemispheres, it spans from the British Isles and the Iberian Peninsula in the west to the Japanese archipelago ...
, Australia, the
Americas The Americas, which are sometimes collectively called America, are a landmass comprising the totality of North and South America. The Americas make up most of the land in Earth's Western Hemisphere and comprise the New World. Along with th ...
, and assorted oceanic islands. Several species are cultivated and naturalized in areas outside their native habitats.Welker, C. A. D. & H. M. Longhi-Wagner. 2012. The genera ''Eriochrysis'' P. Beauv., ''Imperata'' Cirillo and ''Saccharum'' L. (Poaceae - Andropogoneae - Saccharinae) in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Brazilian Journal of Botany 35(1): 87–105. ''Saccharum'' includes the sugarcanes. They have stout, jointed, fibrous stalks that are generally rich in sugar, and measure two to six m (6 to 19 ft) tall. All sugarcane species interbreed and the major commercial
cultivar A cultivar is a type of cultivated plant that people have selected for desired traits and when propagated retain those traits. Methods used to propagate cultivars include: division, root and stem cuttings, offsets, grafting, tissue culture ...
s are complex hybrids.


Species

, Plants of the World Online accepted the following species: * '' Saccharum alopecuroidum'' (L.) Nutt. - southeastern USA * '' Saccharum angustifolium'' (Nees) Trin. - South America * '' Saccharum asperum'' (Nees) Steud. - South America * '' Saccharum baldwinii'' Spreng. - southeastern USA * '' Saccharum beccarii'' (Stapf) Cope - Sumatra * '' Saccharum brevibarbe'' (Michx.) Pers. - southeastern USA * '' Saccharum coarctatum'' (Fern.) R. Webster - southeastern USA * '' Saccharum contortum'' (Baldwin ex Elliott) Nutt. - southeastern USA * '' Saccharum fallax'' Balansa - China, Assam, southeast Asia * '' Saccharum filifolium'' Steud. - Afghanistan, Himalayas * '' Saccharum formosanum'' (Stapf) Ohwi - southern China * '' Saccharum giganteum'' (Walt.) Pers. - southeastern USA, Cuba, Jamaica, Paraguay, Argentina * '' Saccharum griffithii'' Munro ex Aitch. - from Yemen to Bangladesh * '' Saccharum intermedium'' Welker & Peichoto * '' Saccharum kajkaiense'' (Melderis) Melderis - Oman, Iran, Afghanistan, Pakistan * '' Saccharum longesetosum'' (Andersson) V.Naray. ex Bor - China, Himalayas, Indochina * '' Saccharum maximum'' (Brongn.) Trin. - Pacific Islands * '' Saccharum narenga'' (Nees ex Steud.) Hack. - China, Indian Subcontinent, Indochina, Ethiopia * ''
Saccharum officinarum ''Saccharum officinarum'' is a large, strong-growing species of grass in the genus '' Saccharum''. Its stout stalks are rich in sucrose, a simple sugar which accumulates in the stalk internodes. It originated in New Guinea, and is now cultivated ...
'' L. - New Guinea; naturalized in many warm places * ''
Saccharum robustum ''Saccharum robustum'', the robust cane, is a species of plant found in New Guinea. Ecology ''Eumetopina flavipes'', the island sugarcane planthopper, a species of planthopper present throughout South East Asia and is a vector for the Ramu stun ...
'' Brandes & Jesw. ex Grassl - New Guinea * '' Saccharum rufipilum'' Steud. - China, Indian Subcontinent, Indochina * '' Saccharum sikkimense'' (Hook.f.) V.Naray. ex Bor - eastern Himalayas * ''Saccharum'' × ''sinense'' Roxb. – China * ''
Saccharum spontaneum ''Saccharum spontaneum'' (wild sugarcane, Kans grass) is a grass native to the Indian Subcontinent. It is a perennial grass, growing up to three meters in height, with spreading rhizomatous roots. In the Terai-Duar savanna and grasslands, a l ...
'' L. - Asia, Africa, Sicily, Papuasia * '' Saccharum stewartii'' Rajesw., R.R.Rao & Arti Garg - western Himalayas * '' Saccharum velutinum'' (Holttum) Cope - Peninsular Malaysia * '' Saccharum villosum'' Steud. - South America, Mesoamerica * '' Saccharum wardii'' (Bor) Bor ex Cope - Assam, Bhutan, Myanmar * '' Saccharum williamsii'' (Bor) Bor ex Cope - Nepal Placed in '' Lasiorhachis'' by Plants of the World Online : * ''Saccharum hildebrandtii'' (Hack.) Clayton → '' Lasiorhachis hildebrandtii'' * ''Saccharum perrieri'' (A.Camus) Clayton. → '' Lasiorhachis perrieri'' * ''Saccharum viguieri'' (A.Camus) Clayton → '' Lasiorhachis viguieri'' Placed in '' Tripidium'' by Plants of the World Online : * ''Saccharum arundinaceum'' Retz. - East + South + Southeast Asia; New Guinea → '' Tripidium arundinaceum'' * ''Saccharum bengalense'' Retz. - India, Pakistan, Iran, Afghanistan → ''
Tripidium bengalense ''Tripidium bengalense'', synonym ''Saccharum bengalense'', with the common names munj sweetcane, baruwa sugarcane or baruwa grass, is a plant of the genus '' Tripidium'' native to Iran, Afghanistan, Pakistan, northern India, Nepal, Bangladesh an ...
'' * ''Saccharum kanashiroi'' (Ohwi) Ohwi - Ryukyu Islands → '' Tripidium kanashiroi'' * ''Saccharum procerum'' Roxb. - China, Himalayas, Indochina → '' Tripidium procerum'' * ''Saccharum ravennae'' (L.) L. - Europe, Asia, Africa → '' Tripidium ravennae'' * ''Saccharum strictum'' (Host) Spreng. - from Italy to Iran → '' Tripidium strictum''


Formerly included

Numerous species are now considered better suited in other genera: '' Andropogon, Chloris,
Digitaria ''Digitaria'' is a genus of plants in the grass family native to tropical and warm temperate regions but can occur in tropical, subtropical, and cooler temperate regions as well. Common names include crabgrass, finger-grass, and fonio. They are ...
, Eriochrysis, Eulalia, Gynerium,
Hemarthria ''Hemarthria'' is a genus of herbaceous plants in the grass family. They occur in the tropical and subtropical Old World, especially in China and Southeast Asia, with some species in Africa, Australia, and southern Europe.
, Imperata, Lophopogon,
Melinis ''Melinis'' is a genus of African and Arabian plants in the grass family. The generic name is derived from the Greek ''meline'' meaning "millet". ; Species ; formerly included numerous species now regarded as better suited to ''Tricholaena ...
,
Miscanthus ''Miscanthus'', or silvergrass, is a genus of African, Eurasian, and Pacific Island plants in the grass family, Poaceae. ; Species * '' Miscanthus changii'' Y.N.Lee – Korea * '' Miscanthus depauperatus'' Merr. – the Philippines * '' Miscant ...
,
Panicum ''Panicum'' (panicgrass) is a large genus of about 450 species of grasses native throughout the tropical regions of the world, with a few species extending into the northern temperate zone. They are often large, annual or perennial grasses, growi ...
,
Pappophorum ''Pappophorum'' is a genus of plants in the grass family, native to the Western Hemisphere. Members of the genus are commonly known as pappusgrass. ; SpeciesDavidse, G. 1994. 73. ''Pappophorum'' Schreber. 6: 257. In G. Davidse, M. Sousa Sánche ...
,
Paspalum ''Paspalum'' is a genus of plants in the grass family. The group is widespread across much of Asia, Africa, Australia, and the Americas. Commonly known as paspalum, bahiagrasses, crowngrasses or dallis grasses, many of the species are tall pere ...
, Perotis, Pogonatherum, Pseudopogonatherum, Spodiopogon, and Tricholaena''.


See also

*
Domesticated plants and animals of Austronesia One of the major human migration events was the maritime settlement of the islands of the Indo-Pacific by the Austronesian peoples, believed to have started from at least 5,500 to 4,000 BP (3500 to 2000 BCE). These migrations were accompanied ...


References


External links

{{Taxonbar, from=Q17136949 Poaceae genera