History
With the emergence of lager beer in the XVth century, S. ''eubayanus'' was considered to be the progenitor of S. ''pastorianus'' along with S. ''cerevisiae''. Since 1985 the non-''cerevisiae'' ancestor has been contentiously debated between S. ''eubayanus'', and S. ''bayanus'' which "is not found outside the brewing environment". Upon the 2011 discovery of S. ''eubayanus'' in Argentina and consequential genome analysis, S. ''eubayanus'' was found to be 99% genetically identical to S. ''pastorianus'' and S. ''bayanus'' was dismissed as an ancestor. First described in 2011, S. ''eubayanus'' was discovered in North Patagonia, ecologically associated with ''Nothofagus'' spp. (Southern Beech) forests and the parasitic biotrophic fungi ''Cyttaria'' spp. With discoveries in other parts of the world shortly after in east Asia, the South American origins of S. ''eubayanus'' have been challenged by genomic and phylogenetic evidence that suggests a Tibetan origin. The proponents of this theory argue that it "corresponds better with geography and world trade history" given the Eurasian land bridge. Since then, genomic analyses from South America strains have shown reduced genetic diversity suggesting a biogeographical radiation point from Patagonia. In 2022, a researcher team from the University College Dublin isolated ''Saccharomyces eubayanus'' from soil samples in Ireland. Further isolations from different locations in Europe can be expected. Phylogenetically, S. ''eubayanus'' is basal in the Saccharomyces genus, and well-adjusted to the cooler environment of ''Nothofagus'' forests, Saccharomyces species with thermo-tolerance are suggested to be derived traits.Genomics
Population genomic analyses have identified two main populations of S. ''eubayanus'' located in Patagonia, Patagonia A and Patagonia B/Holarctic. "These are the closest known wild relatives of the Lager yeasts", comparing sub-genomes, the wild strains are 99.82% and 99.72% identical respectively. Lager yeasts consist of two distinct lineages, said to have been hybridized from independent events 1000 years ago. Type one, called Saaz contains the allotriploid strains with one copy of the S. ''cerevisiae'' genome and two copies of the S. ''eubayanus'' genome. The second type, Frohberg, houses allotetraploid strains with one full diploid genome copy of S. ''cerevisiae'' and S. ''eubayanus''. Saaz strains, which are more physiologically similar to their S. ''eubayanus'' parent, are much more efficient at growing in low temperatures, reflecting S. ''eubayanus''Uses
In 2015, an interspecific hybridization of S. ''cerevisiae'' and S. ''eubayanus'' was successful in creating novel lager brewing yeasts. However hybrid genomes can result in genetic instability in industrial uses. In 2016, ''S. eubayanus'' was used itself to brew lager beer.References
{{Taxonbar, from=Q2784012 eubayanus Yeasts used in brewing Fungi described in 2011