The SOCATA Rallye ( en, Rally) is a

light aircraft A light aircraft is an aircraft that has a maximum gross takeoff weight of or less.Crane, Dale: ''Dictionary of Aeronautical Terms, third edition'', page 308. Aviation Supplies & Academics, 1997. Light aircraft are used as utility aircraft co ...

that was manufactured by French aviation company

SOCATA SOCATA (later EADS Socata and DAHER-SOCATA) was a French producer of general aviation aircraft propelled by piston engines and turboprops, including business planes, small personal or training aircraft, as well as the production of aircraft str ...

. It was originally developed during the 1950s by French aircraft manufacturer

Morane-Saulnier Aéroplanes Morane-Saulnier was a French aircraft manufacturing company formed in October 1911 by Raymond Saulnier (1881–1964) and the Morane brothers, Léon (1885–1918) and Robert (1886–1968). The company was taken over and diversified ...

as the MS.880. On 10 June 1959, the prototype Rallye conducted the type's

maiden flight The maiden flight, also known as first flight, of an aircraft is the first occasion on which it leaves the ground under its own power. The same term is also used for the first launch of rockets. The maiden flight of a new aircraft type is alwa ...

; on 21 November 1961,

type certification A type certificate signifies the airworthiness of a particular category of aircraft, according to its manufacturing design (''type design''). It confirms that the aircraft of a new type intended for serial production, is in compliance with applic ...

for the first production versions of the aircraft, designated as the MS.880B and more powerful MS.885, was awarded. Successive models of the Rallye were developed and manufactured; changes typically involved the installation of more powerful engines, structural strengthening, and the expansion of some of the

flight control surfaces Aircraft flight control surfaces are aerodynamic devices allowing a pilot to adjust and control the aircraft's flight attitude. Development of an effective set of flight control surfaces was a critical advance in the development of aircraft. Ea ...

, culminating in the MS.890 Rallye Commodore series with higher

gross weight In science and engineering, the weight of an object is the force acting on the object due to gravity. Some standard textbooks define weight as a vector quantity, the gravitational force acting on the object. Others define weight as a scalar qua ...

and seating for four. As part of efforts to access the lucrative

North America North America is a continent in the Northern Hemisphere and almost entirely within the Western Hemisphere. It is bordered to the north by the Arctic Ocean, to the east by the Atlantic Ocean, to the southeast by South America and the Car ...

n market,

distributor A distributor is an enclosed rotating switch used in spark-ignition internal combustion engines that have mechanically timed ignition. The distributor's main function is to route high voltage current from the ignition coil to the spark plugs ...

agreements were formed with multiple US-based companies, such as the

Waco Aircraft Company The Waco Aircraft Company (WACO) was an aircraft manufacturer located in Troy, Ohio, United States. Between 1920 and 1947, the company produced a wide range of civilian biplanes. The company initially started under the name Weaver Aircraft C ...

and

BFA Aviation BFA may refer to: Art and entertainment * Bibles for America, an organization distributing free copies of the Bible and Christian books * British Fantasy Award Education * Bachelor of Fine Arts, undergraduate degree for students in the United ...

, to market, sell, and service the Rallye. These efforts, while not being trouble-free, provided valuable sales of the type. During 1979, SOCATA (which Morane-Saulnier had previously merged into) decided to rename all of the Rallye series' various models, each being assigned their own individual '' Gallic'' names. During the early 1980s, the Rallye was eventually phased out of production in France in favour of the newer

Socata TB The Socata TB is a series of light single engine piston aircraft developed and manufactured by French aircraft company Daher-Socata, SOCATA. The letters TB within the designation stands for Tarbes, the French city where the aircraft is manufactu ...

series. During December 1984, the final SOCATA-built aircraft was delivered; the entire production run had covered approximately 3,300 aircraft. However, the Rallye continued to be produced under licence in Poland by aviation company

PZL PZL (''Państwowe Zakłady Lotnicze'' - State Aviation Works) was the main Polish aerospace manufacturer of the interwar period, and a brand of their aircraft. Based in Warsaw between 1928 and 1939, PZL introduced a variety of well-regarded air ...

, which marketed their own models under the PZL Koliber ( en, Hummingbird) name. On 18 April 1978, the first flight of a prototype Koliber occurred; quantity production of the type commenced in Poland during the following year.

Development

During 1958, in response to the launch of a French government competition seeking such an aircraft, French aviation company

decided to commence work upon the design of a new single-engined light aircraft, initially designated as the ''MS.880 Rallye Club''. According to the aviation magazine ''Flying'', in comparison with other light aircraft of the era, was relatively slow-moving and cheap fixed-wing aircraft; specifically, the magazine lauded the Rallye as being available "for a price much lower than any true

STOL A short takeoff and landing (STOL) aircraft is a conventional fixed-wing aircraft that has short runway requirements for takeoff and landing. Many STOL-designed aircraft also feature various arrangements for use on airstrips with harsh conditio ...

hort takeoff and landing four-place aircraft". It featured a relatively simplistic design which enabled it to be provided at a highly affordable price to customers, which, along with the aircraft's capable STOL performance, was viewed as being a highly attractive selling point, particularly to customers within the

n market.Trammell 1971, p. 35. On 10 June 1959, the prototype Rallye, powered by a engine, conducted its

. On 21 November 1961, the first production versions of the aircraft, designated as the ''MS.880B'' and more powerful ''MS.885'', received their

, clearing them to perform operational flights.Taylor 1976, p. 64. Thereafter, a range of improvements and alterations were progressively made upon the design as new models of the Rallye were introduced; typical advances included the adoption of more powerful engines, improved payload capability, and strengthened structure, the addition of wheel fairings, increased ground clearance for the propeller, expanded

rudder A rudder is a primary control surface used to steer a ship, boat, submarine, hovercraft, aircraft, or other vehicle that moves through a fluid medium (generally aircraft, air or watercraft, water). On an aircraft the rudder is used primarily to ...

and

aileron An aileron (French for "little wing" or "fin") is a hinged flight control surface usually forming part of the trailing edge of each wing of a fixed-wing aircraft. Ailerons are used in pairs to control the aircraft in roll (or movement around ...

s, and changes to the cockpit canopy arrangement.Trammell 1971, p. 37. On 19 November 1962, Morane-Saulnier filed for

bankruptcy Bankruptcy is a legal process through which people or other entities who cannot repay debts to creditors may seek relief from some or all of their debts. In most jurisdictions, bankruptcy is imposed by a court order, often initiated by the debtor ...

, and in January 1963 was placed under the control of

Potez Potez (pronounced ) was a French aircraft manufacturer founded as Aéroplanes Henry Potez by Henry Potez at Aubervilliers in 1919 in aviation, 1919. The firm began by refurbishing war-surplus SEA IV aircraft, but was soon building new examples of ...

, which established the (SEEMS) to manage its assets. On 20 May 1965, Sud Aviation acquired SEEMS from Potez, forming (GEMS). In early 1966, Sud Aviation created another new subsidiary,

, to continue development and production of the Rallye series. SOCATA continued to manufacture the Rallye in large numbers through the remainder of the 1960s and through the 1970s. In the late 1960s, SOCATA pursued the development of an enlarged 7-seat version powered by a Lycoming IO-540-K engine, the ST.60 Rallye 7. Two prototypes were constructed: a version with retractable

tricycle landing gear Tricycle gear is a type of aircraft undercarriage, or ''landing gear'', arranged in a tricycle fashion. The tricycle arrangement has a single nose wheel in the front, and two or more main wheels slightly aft of the center of gravity. Tricycle g ...

, first flown on 3 January 1969, and an otherwise similar aircraft with fixed landing gear. However, SOCATA was not confident that a sufficient market for the aircraft existed, and no further production ensued. SOCATA subsequently introduced the enlarged ''MS.890 Rallye Commodore'' series with a heavier airframe and four seats; production and development of the MS.880 and MS.890 series continued in parallel, and the enlarged and strengthened

empennage The empennage ( or ), also known as the tail or tail assembly, is a structure at the rear of an aircraft that provides stability during flight, in a way similar to the feathers on an arrow.Crane, Dale: ''Dictionary of Aeronautical Terms, third e ...

of the MS.890 was adapted to MS.880 variants using more powerful engines and those approved for

spins The spins (as in having "the spins")Diane Marie Leiva. ''The Florida State University College of Education''Women's Voices on College Drinking: The First-Year College Experience"/ref> is an adverse reaction of intoxication that causes a state of ...

. Also in the late 1960s, United States aviation entrepreneur Alexander Berger—whose Allied Aero Industries

holding company A holding company is a company whose primary business is holding a controlling interest in the securities of other companies. A holding company usually does not produce goods or services itself. Its purpose is to own shares of other companies ...

owned the

Franklin Engine Company The Franklin Engine Company was an American manufacturer of aircraft engines. Its designs were used primarily in the civilian market, both in fixed wing and helicopter designs. It was briefly directed towards automobile engines as part of the Tuck ...

and Jacobs Aircraft Engine Company—formed a new venture to market European light aircraft under the banner of the defunct

. Based in

Pottstown, Pennsylvania Pottstown is a borough in Montgomery County, Pennsylvania. Pottstown was laid out in 1752–53 and named Pottsgrove in honor of its founder, John Potts. The old name was abandoned at the time of the incorporation as a borough in 1815. In 1888 ...

, Waco made arrangements to market, sell, and service the Rallye throughout the sizable and attractive

North American North America is a continent in the Northern Hemisphere and almost entirely within the Western Hemisphere. It is bordered to the north by the Arctic Ocean, to the east by the Atlantic Ocean, to the southeast by South America and the Ca ...

market, and introduced a licensed American-built version of the Rallye Commodore badged as the ''Waco MS.294A Minerva'', powered by a Franklin engine. Waco also sold the 150ST, 180CT and 235CT in the United States. However, the Rallye had little time to prove itself prior to Waco winding up its aviation activities following Berger's death in 1971. As a consequence of Waco's dissolution, third party aviation companies purchased the various leftover assets and continued to provide spare parts and services to American owners of the Rallye.Trammell 1971, pp. 35, 37. Socata MS-893E Rallye F-BXDP

In the early 1970s, Now York-based company

was appointed as the type's new distributor within North America. BFA, via several subsidiaries of its parent company Aerocon Inc, performed the final assembly of the Rallye for those sold to American customers. The use of American suppliers within the aircraft's supply chain, such as the

Franklin 6A-350-C1 The Franklin O-350 (company designation 6A-350) was an American air-cooled aircraft engine of the 1960s. The engine was of six-cylinder, horizontally-opposed layout and displaced . The power output was . The 6V-350 was a vertically mounted, fan ...

engine, Hartzell or McCauley-built propellers, wheels, brakes, and some of the cockpit instrumentation, was made upon some models of the Rallye, such as the Minerva. Under the initial arrangement, US-built components would be shipped across the

Atlantic ocean The Atlantic Ocean is the second-largest of the world's five oceans, with an area of about . It covers approximately 20% of Earth's surface and about 29% of its water surface area. It is known to separate the " Old World" of Africa, Europe ...

to reach the facilities of Sud Aviation and its subsidiary companies in France for integration onto a French-built airframe which, following completion and initial test flights, would be disassembled into sections and conveyed to BFA Aviation in the United States for final assembly and sale; efforts to reduce unnecessary shipping and thus cost were explored. During 1979, SOCATA decided to embark upon a new production programme, one of the results of which being the renaming of the various models of Rallye series, each one receiving an individual, "more Gallic" name.Rallye History
. ''Fly Rallye''. Retrieved 3 August 2008. During the 1980s, the type was gradually superseded and phased out of production in France by the newer

series. During December 1984, the final Rallye of approximately 3,300 aircraft, an armed R235 Guerrier model, was delivered.Taylor 1988, p. 84. During 1979, SOCATA decided to embark upon a new production programme, one of the results of which being the renaming of the various models of Rallye series, each one receiving an individual, "more Gallic" name.Rallye History
. ''Fly Rallye''. Retrieved 3 August 2008. During the 1980s, the type was gradually superseded and phased out of production in France by the newer

series. During December 1984, the final Rallye of approximately 3,300 aircraft, an armed R235 Guerrier model, was delivered.Taylor 1988, p. 84. PZL110 Koliber DSC01843

SOCATA's decision to terminate production in France was not the end of all manufacturing activity for the type however. During the 1970s, SOCATA had sold a licence for production of the Rallye 100ST model to the Polish State aviation company

, which led to the aircraft being independently constructed in its facilities in

Warsaw Warsaw ( pl, Warszawa, ), officially the Capital City of Warsaw,, abbreviation: ''m.st. Warszawa'' is the capital and largest city of Poland. The metropolis stands on the River Vistula in east-central Poland, and its population is officia ...

as the ''PZL Koliber'' (''Humming Bird''). On 18 April 1978, the first PZL-built aircraft performed its maiden flight. During 1979, quantity production of the Koliber commenced; an initial batch of ten aircraft was produced that year.Taylor 1988, p. 193. During February 1994, type certification of the Koliber was granted by the American

Federal Aviation Administration The Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) is the largest transportation agency of the U.S. government and regulates all aspects of civil aviation in the country as well as over surrounding international waters. Its powers include air traffic m ...

, clearing the Polish derivatives to be sold and operated within the North American market.Benenson 1995, p. 67. Shortly thereafter, a distributor arrangement was formed with Cadmus Corporation to market and service the Koliber in the Americas. Among its uses, the aircraft proved to be a good trainer, in part due to the generous visibility provided from its cockpit and forgiving flight characteristics.Benenson 1995, pp. 67–68.

Design

The SOCATA Rallye is a single-engined, low-wing

monoplane A monoplane is a fixed-wing aircraft configuration with a single mainplane, in contrast to a biplane or other types of multiplanes, which have multiple planes. A monoplane has inherently the highest efficiency and lowest drag of any wing confi ...

light aircraft, capable of

(short takeoff and landing) performance. The Rallye is considered to be sound and functional aircraft; efforts were made upon later-built aircraft to improve the type's visual appeal and to clean up the exterior. Composed of all metal construction, it is typically outfitted with a fixed

, complete with an offset free-castering nosewheel and relatively closely spaced main gear; however, an alternative landing gear configuration is used upon the 235 C model, which was provisioned with fixed tailwheel landing gear instead. Unusually, the landing gear of the Rallye is

articulated An articulated vehicle is a vehicle which has a permanent or semi-permanent pivot joint in its construction, allowing it to turn more sharply. There are many kinds, from heavy equipment to buses, trams and trains. Steam locomotives were sometim ...

in order to better withstand the sharp forces that are imposed during STOL landings. Flying Magazine noted that the Rallye is "a ''very'' nice-landing aircraft". The Rallye is equipped with a

cantilever A cantilever is a rigid structural element that extends horizontally and is supported at only one end. Typically it extends from a flat vertical surface such as a wall, to which it must be firmly attached. Like other structural elements, a canti ...

wing, which incorporated interconnected full-span automatic

leading edge slat Slats are aerodynamic surfaces on the leading edge of the wing of a fixed-wing aircraft which, when deployed, allow the wing to operate at a higher angle of attack. A higher coefficient of lift is produced as a result of angle of attack and speed ...

s, wide-chord slotted

s, and wide-span Fowler-type

trailing edge The trailing edge of an aerodynamic surface such as a wing is its rear edge, where the airflow separated by the leading edge meets.Crane, Dale: ''Dictionary of Aeronautical Terms, third edition'', page 521. Aviation Supplies & Academics, 1997. ...

flap Flap may refer to: Arts, entertainment, and media * ''Flap'' (film), a 1970 American film * Flap, a boss character in the arcade game ''Gaiapolis'' * Flap, a minor character in the film '' Little Nemo: Adventures in Slumberland'' Biology and he ...

s. The combination of full-span slats and large Fowler flaps provided the aircraft with its capable slow-speed flight performance. Fuel is also internally carried within the wings.Benenson 1995, p. 68. According to Flying Magazine, the Rallye possessed a generous degree of controllability and was relatively forgiving to fly, being extremely difficult to mishandle to the point where effective control of the aircraft would be lost. The aircraft is safe to fly at practically any piloting skill level. While the Rallye has fair manoeuvrability, such as during

loop Loop or LOOP may refer to: Brands and enterprises * Loop (mobile), a Bulgarian virtual network operator and co-founder of Loop Live * Loop, clothing, a company founded by Carlos Vasquez in the 1990s and worn by Digable Planets * Loop Mobile, an ...

s and

roll Roll or Rolls may refer to: Movement about the longitudinal axis * Roll angle (or roll rotation), one of the 3 angular degrees of freedom of any stiff body (for example a vehicle), describing motion about the longitudinal axis ** Roll (aviation), ...

s, the execution of

aerobatic maneuver Aerobatic maneuvers are flight paths putting aircraft in unusual attitudes, in air shows, dogfights or competition aerobatics. Aerobatics can be performed by a single aircraft or in formation with several others. Nearly all aircraft are capab ...

s is not officially approved by the manufacturer.Trammell 1971, pp. 39–40. The aircraft's power was provided from one of a range of progressively more powerful air-cooled engines; such as the early Rallye Cub model, which was powered by a single

Continental O-200-A The Continental C90 and O-200 are a family of air-cooled, horizontally opposed, four-cylinder, direct-drive aircraft engines of 201 in³ (3.29 L) displacement, producing between 90 and 100 horsepower (67 and 75 kW).''Federal Aviation Admin ...

engine, capable of generating up to , while the newer Rallye 235 variant was furnished with a

Lycoming O-540 The Lycoming O-540 is a family of air-cooled six-cylinder, horizontally opposed fixed-wing aircraft and helicopter engines of displacement, manufactured by Lycoming Engines. The engine is a six-cylinder version of the four-cylinder Lycoming ...

engine, which provided a maximum of . The method for both the ignition and run-up of the engine were relatively conventional. In order to achieve a substantial increase in performance, which is useful for the execution of a STOL takeoff run, weight minimisation efforts should be made, such as carrying as little fuel and payload as is reasonably possible. Aérodrome La Vèze 05

The Rallye was fitted with a bulbous cockpit, which was capable of accommodating two/three people in the basic lower-powered variants and up to four personnel within the more powerful models of the aircraft, some of which were designed to function as

glider tug Gliding is a recreational activity and competitive air sport in which pilots fly unpowered aircraft known as gliders or sailplanes using naturally occurring currents of rising air in the atmosphere to remain airborne. The word ''soaring'' is a ...

s and banner bearers.Trammell 1971, p. 39. The canopy slides rearwards to provide access to and from the cockpit, aided by a step located just underneath the wing's trailing edge; on the ground. On the ground, the canopy should remain slightly open when occupied to allow for adequate airflow; in flight, the canopy can be left open at speed up to a maximum of 94 knots. The cockpit has been described as being relatively noisy, but also often praised for the provision of excellent external visibility; Flight Magazine stated that "It is almost like being in a four-place open cockpit plane". Typically, the Rallye would be furnished with dual flying controls, each being complete with their own

control stick A joystick, sometimes called a flight stick, is an input device consisting of a stick that pivots on a base and reports its angle or direction to the device it is controlling. A joystick, also known as the control column, is the principal cont ...

, upon which controls for the

intercom An intercom, also called an intercommunication device, intercommunicator, or interphone, is a stand-alone voice communications system for use within a building or small collection of buildings which functions independently of the public telephon ...

would be often mounted.Trammell 1971, p. 40. While fully featured cockpit instrumentation was an available option to be installed upon the Rallye, the additional weight of this equipment would noticeably impact the aircraft's performance; thus, customers would have to weigh up the benefits of having superior flight performance or being able to make use of greater amount of cockpit features.Benenson 1995, p. 69.

Variants

French production

Lightweight airframe (MS.880 series)

;MS.880 :Two-seat prototype powered by

Continental C90-14F The Continental C90 and O-200 are a family of air-cooled, horizontally opposed, four-cylinder, direct-drive aircraft engines of 201 in³ (3.29 L) displacement, producing between 90 and 100 horsepower (67 and 75 kW).''Federal Aviation Admin ...

conventional landing gear Conventional landing gear, or tailwheel-type landing gear, is an aircraft undercarriage consisting of two main wheels forward of the center of gravity and a small wheel or skid to support the tail.Crane, Dale: ''Dictionary of Aeronautical Term ...

, 1 built. ;MS.880A :Three-seat prototype with enlarged cockpit, swept vertical fin, 1 built. ;MS.880B Rallye Club :Production version of MS.880B with

, 1,100 built. ;MS.881 : Potez engine. 12 built. Two-seat aircraft. ;MS.883 : Lycoming engine. 77 built. Two-seat aircraft. ;MS.885 Super Rallye :Two/three-seat version; first flight 1 January 1961.Pilotfriend.com
Aerospatiale-Socata Rallye
retrieved 27 January 2014.

Continental O-300 The Continental O-300 and the C145 are a family of air-cooled flat-6 aircraft piston engines built by Teledyne Continental Motors.Christy, Joe: ''Engines for Homebuilt Aircraft & Ultralights'', pages 60-63. TAB Books, 1983. First produced in ...

engine. 212 built. ;MS.886 : Lycoming engine. Three built. ;Rallye 100S Sport :Two-seat trainer powered by

Rolls-Royce Continental O-200-A The Continental C90 and O-200 are a family of air-cooled, horizontally opposed, four-cylinder, direct-drive aircraft engines of 201 in³ (3.29 L) displacement, producing between 90 and 100 horsepower (67 and 75 kW).''Federal Aviation Admin ...

, 55 built. ;MS.880B Rallye 100T :MS.880B with minor changes, 3 built. ;Rallye 100ST :100T with three or four seats, gross weight increase, 45 built. ;Rallye 125 :Four-seat version of 100-T, powered by

Lycoming O-235 The Lycoming O-235 is a family of four-cylinder, air-cooled, horizontally opposed piston aircraft engines that produce , derived from the earlier O-233 engine.Textron Lycoming: ''Operator's Manual, Textron Lycoming Aircraft Engines, Series O-23 ...

. ;Rallye 150T :Four-seat Rallye 100ST, increased gross weight, enlarged tail, Lycoming 0-320-E2A, 25 built. ;Rallye 150ST :150T stressed for

, 66 built, sold by Waco in US. ;SOCATA 110ST Galopin :Improved Rallye 100ST powered by Lycoming O-235-L2A,Taylor 1980, p. 74 76 built. Can be operated as a three/four-seat aircraft if spins are prohibited. ;SOCATA 150SV Garnement :Improved version of Rallye 150ST with Lycoming 0-320-D2A, 5 built. ;SOCATA 180T Galerian :Improved version of Rallye 150T with Lycoming 0-360-A3A, 5 built, sold by Waco in US.

Heavy airframe (MS.890 series)

All variants beginning with the MS.890 are full four-seat aircraft. ;MS.890 Rallye Commodore :The first version to incorporate four-place seating. Continental engine. Eight built. ;MS.892 Rallye Commodore 150 :Similar to the MS.890 but with

Lycoming 0-320 The Lycoming O-320 is a large family of naturally aspirated, air-cooled, four-cylinder, direct-drive engines produced by Lycoming Engines. They are commonly used on light aircraft such as the Cessna 172 and Piper Cherokee. Different variant ...

engine. Later designated Rallye 150. ;MS.893 Rallye Commodore 180 :

Lycoming O-360 The Lycoming O-360 is a family of four-cylinder, direct-drive, horizontally opposed, air-cooled, piston aircraft engines. Engines in the O-360 series produce between 145 and 225 horsepower (109 to 168 kW), with the basic O-360 produc ...

engine. Later designated Rallye 180. Further redesignated SOCATA Gaillard or SOCATA Galérien (glider towing version). ;MS.894 Rallye Minerva : Franklin 6A-350 engine. Later designated Rallye 220. Some assembled and sold as Waco Minerva in US. 211 built. ;Rallye 235 :Powered by

. Redesignated SOCATA Gabier. ;SOCATA 235CA Gaucho :235 modified for

aerial application Aerial application, or what is informally referred to as crop dusting, involves spraying crops with crop protection products from an agricultural aircraft. Planting certain types of seed are also included in aerial application. The specific sp ...

with tailwheel landing gear and chemical hopper in rear seat area; 9 built. ;SOCATA R235 Guerrier :Military version of Gabier/Rallye 235. ;SOCATA Gaillard :Rallye 180 renamed ;SOCATA Galérien :Glider tug or banner-towing version of the Rallye 180 ;SOCATA Gabier :renamed Rallye 235 ;SOCATA ST.60 Rallye 7 :Enlarged 7-seat version, Lycoming IO-540-K engine, two prototypes built. ;Waco Minerva :Sales of the Rallye Minerva in the USA

Polish production

;PZL-110 Koliber PZL 110 aircraft in Michałków, Poland

:Initial licence production version powered by PZL licensed

Franklin 4A-235 The Franklin O-235 (company designation 4A-235 and Sport 4) is an American air-cooled aircraft engine that first ran in the mid-1960s. The engine is of Flat-four engine, four-cylinder, horizontally-opposed layout and Engine displacement, displac ...

, based on Rallye 100 ST. Production 32 aircraft.Taylor, M.J.H. 1999, p. 453. ;PZL-110 Koliber 150 : Lycoming O-320 engine. ;PZL-110 Koliber 160 : Lycoming O-320 engine. ;PZL-111 Koliber 235 : Lycoming O-520 engine.

Operators

Military operators

; * Burkina Faso Air Force ; * ''Force Aérienne Centrafricaine'' ; *

Djibouti Air Force The Djiboutian Air Force (DAF) (french: Forces Aériennes Djiboutiennes (FADD)), ( so, Ciidanka Cirka Jabuuti) is the Air Force of Djibouti. It was established as part of the Djibouti Armed Forces after the country obtained its independence on Ju ...

; * Dominican Air Force ; *

Air Force of El Salvador The Salvadoran Air Force ( es, Fuerza Aérea Salvadoreña, abbreviated FAS) is the air force component of the Armed Forces of El Salvador, and is an independent branch from the army and navy. Early history The Salvadoran Army Air Force ('' es, ...

; * French Air Force *

French Navy The French Navy (french: Marine nationale, lit=National Navy), informally , is the maritime arm of the French Armed Forces and one of the five military service branches of France. It is among the largest and most powerful naval forces in t ...

; *

Israeli Air Force The Israeli Air Force (IAF; he, זְרוֹעַ הָאֲוִיר וְהֶחָלָל, Zroa HaAvir VeHahalal, tl, "Air and Space Arm", commonly known as , ''Kheil HaAvir'', "Air Corps") operates as the aerial warfare branch of the Israel Defense ...

; *

Libyan Air Force The Libyan Air Force ( ar, القوات الجوية الليبية) is the branch of the Libyan Armed Forces responsible for aerial warfare. In 2010, before the Libyan Civil War, the Libyan Air Force personnel strength was estimated at 18,000 ...

; *

Malagasy Air Force The Malagasy Air Force is the aerial warfare branch of the Madagascar People's Armed Forces. History The Malagasy Air Force was founded in 1960 with mainly former French aircraft such as Douglas DC-3s, Max Holste MH.1521 Broussards and Dassault ...

; *

Military of Mauritania The Armed Forces of Mauritania ( ar, الجيش الوطني الموريتاني, french: Armée Nationale Mauritanienne) is the defence force of the Islamic Republic of Mauritania, having an army, navy, air force, gendarmerie, and presidential g ...

; *

Royal Moroccan Gendarmerie The Royal Gendarmerie ( ar, الدرك الملكي المغربي, ad-darak al-malikiyy al-maḡribiyy, french: Gendarmerie royale marocaine) is the national gendarmerie force of the Kingdom of Morocco, and comes under the joint-authority of ...

; *

Rwandan Defence Forces french: Forces rwandaises de défense sw, Nguvu ya Ulinzi ya Watu wa Rwanda , image = Rwanda Defense Force emblem.png , alt = , caption = , image2 = , alt2 = , caption2 ...

Hatch ''Flight International'' 5–11 December 1990, p. 68. ; *

Senegalese Air Force The Senegalese Air Force (french: Armée de l'Air Sénégalaise) is the air force branch of the Senegalese Armed Forces. History It was formed on 1 April 1961 with Douglas C-47s, MH.1521 Broussards, plus Sud Aloutte II and Agusta-Bell 47G ...

; * Seychelles Air Force

Government civil operators

; *

Directorate-General of Customs and Indirect Taxes The Directorate-General of Customs and Indirect Taxes (french: Direction générale des douanes et droits indirects, DGDDI), commonly known as ''les douanes'' (Customs), is the customs service of the French Republic. It is responsible for levying i ...

Aircraft on display

* City of Norwich Aviation Museum – Morane-Saulnier 880B Rallye Club

Specifications (180 GT)

References

Citations

Bibliography

* Benenson, Tom
"PLZ's Kolibers Join Fleet."
'' Flying'', May 1995. Vol. 122, No. 5. ISSN 0015-4806. pp. 67–69. * * Donald, David (editor). ''The Encyclopedia of World Aircraft''. Leicester, UK: Blitz, 1997. . * Gaines, Mike
"World's Air Forces 1982"
''

Flight International ''Flight International'' is a monthly magazine focused on aerospace. Published in the United Kingdom and founded in 1909 as "A Journal devoted to the Interests, Practice, and Progress of Aerial Locomotion and Transport", it is the world's oldes ...

'', 6 November 1982. Vol. 122, No. 3835. pp. 1327–1388. * Hatch, Paul
"World's Air Forces 1990"
''Flight International'', 5–11 December 1990. Vol. 138, No. 4245. pp. 35–81. * Mondey, David. ''Encyclopedia of The World's Commercial and Private Aircraft''. New York: Crescent Books, 1981. . * * Taylor, John W. R. (editor). ''Jane's All the World's Aircraft 1976–77''. London: Jane's Yearbooks, 1976. . * Taylor, John W. R. (editor). ''Jane's All the World's Aircraft 1980–81''. London: Jane's Publishing Company, 1980. . * Taylor, John W. R. (editor). ''Jane's All the Worlds Aircraft 1988–89''. Coulsdon, Surrey, UK: Jane's Information Group, 1988. . * Taylor, Michael J. H. (editor). ''Brassey's World Aircraft & Systems Directory 1999/2000 Edition''. London: Brassey's, 1999. . * Trammell, Archie
"Pilot Report: The Minerva."
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{{PZL aircraft 1960s French civil utility aircraft 1970s French civil utility aircraft 1980s French civil utility aircraft Glider tugs

Rallye Rally is a wide-ranging form of motorsport with various competitive motoring elements such as speed tests (often called ''rally racing),'' navigation tests, or the ability to reach waypoints or a destination at a prescribed time or average speed. ...

Single-engined tractor aircraft Low-wing aircraft Aircraft first flown in 1959