Sürmene ( Greek: Σούρμενα, ''Sourmena''; ota, ﺳﻮرﻣﻨﻪ, romanized as ''Sürmena e') is a small town and district of Trabzon Province in the Black Sea region of Turkey. In ancient times the town of

Hyssus Hyssus or Hyssos ( grc, Ὕσσος), also known as Hyssi portus, or Susarmia or Sousarmia (Σουσάρμια), or Susurmaena or Sousourmaina (Σουσούρμαινα), was a port-town of ancient Pontus on the Black Sea coast, at the mouth of th ...

or Hyssos ( grc, Υσσός) was nearby. The mayor is Rahmi Üstün ( AKP). Sürmene (Hamurgan) is situated some east of Trabzon. Known in antiquity also as Susarmia or Augustopolis, it lies on the River Kora ( Manahoz Deresi) and is best known as the place where Xenophon and his Ten Thousand fell sick after eating wild honey, an event which was confirmed by the local people. In the village of Kastil, to the west of Sürmene, stands a ruined medieval castle as well as the impressively restored 18th-century Yakupoğlu Memiş Ağa Konağı mansion. This was formerly the seat of the Yakupoğlu family, who lived here as rulers ( derebeys, hence its alternative name of Derebeyli Kale, the Castle of the Derebeys) of the surrounding region relatively free of interference from the Ottoman government in faraway Constantinople/ Istanbul.

Economy

Historically, Sürmene produced small amounts of manganese. The area also had

mineral spring Mineral springs are naturally occurring springs that produces hard water, water that contains dissolved minerals. Salts, sulfur compounds, and gases are among the substances that can be dissolved in the spring water during its passage underg ...

s, and shipped bottled water to Istanbul.

Flora and fauna

According to WWF the largest amount of endemic flora is to be found in the Ağaçbaşı ''yayla'' (summer upland pasture) in Surmen

* Zehirli biberiye (''

Andromeda polifolia ''Andromeda polifolia'', common name bog-rosemary, is a species of flowering plant in the heath family Ericaceae, native to northern parts of the Northern Hemisphere. It is the only member of the genus ''Andromeda'', and is only found in bogs in ...

''), * Böcek yiyen bitkilerden '' Drosera'', * Pamukotu (''

Eriophorum angustifolium ''Eriophorum angustifolium'', commonly known as common cottongrass or common cottonsedge, is a species of flowering plant in the sedge family, Cyperaceae. Native to North America, North Asia, and Northern Europe, it grows on peat or acidic soil ...

'' ve '' E. latifolium''), * Kurtayağı (''

Lycopodiella inundata ''Lycopodiella inundata'' is a species of club moss known by the common names inundated club moss, marsh clubmoss and northern bog club moss. It has a circumpolar and circumboreal distribution, occurring throughout the northern Northern Hemisphe ...

''), * Kara ot (''

Rhynchospora alba ''Rhynchospora alba'', the white beak-sedge, is a plant in the sedge family, Cyperaceae. It is a tufted herbaceous perennial around 50 cm tall, with white inflorescences that flower in August. The fruit of the sedge is a small achene with a ...

'')

Gallery

File:Memish Agha Mansion in Surmene.JPG, Memiş Ağa Mansion in Sürmene File:Surmene Ticaret Odasiii.jpg, alt=The Chamber of Commerce of Sürmene -It was the first chamber of commerce in Turkey, The Sürmeme Chamber of Commerce was the first

chamber of commerce A chamber of commerce, or board of trade, is a form of business network. For example, a local organization of businesses whose goal is to further the interests of businesses. Business owners in towns and cities form these local societies to ad ...

in Turkey File:Surmene rushdiye diplomasi.jpg, Sürmene Mekteb-i Rushdiye Sekbanlardan Ahmed Agha Shahadetnamesi (

Diploma A diploma is a document awarded by an educational institution (such as a college or university) testifying the recipient has graduated by successfully completing their courses of studies. Historically, it has also referred to a charter or offici ...

) File:300 yıllık mezar taşı çavuşlu.jpg, alt=Cavuszade Muhammed Agha's historical graveyard stone, Çavuşzade Muhammed Ağa's gravestone File:Ten Thousand March to Madur 2007.jpg, alt=Sürmene Festivali on the top of Madur mountain., Sürmene Festival on the top of

Madur Madur, in Antiquity known as Theches ( el, Θήχης), is a mountain in Sürmene, Turkey. In history '' Thálatta! Thálatta!'' ( el, — "The Sea! The Sea!") was the shouting of joy when the roaming 10,000 Greeks saw Euxeinos Pontos (the ...

mountain. File:Fatih Akin.jpg, alt=Fatih Akın Turkish film director from Çamburnu, Fatih Akın Turkish film director from Çamburnu, a village of Sürmene File:Persian Empire, 490 BC.png, alt=Ten Thousand's route to Sürmene, The route that brought Xenophon's Ten Thousand to Sürmene

References

External links

District governor's official websiteDistrict municipality's official websiteSurmenem.com - A local website about Sürmene
{{DEFAULTSORT:Surmene Populated places in Trabzon Province Populated coastal places in Turkey

Economy

Flora and fauna

Gallery

See also

References

External links