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The mass media in Syria consists primarily of television, radio, Internet, film and print. The national language of Syria is Arabic but some publications and broadcasts are also available in English and French. While television is the most popular medium in Syria, the Internet has become a widely utilized vehicle to disseminate content. Transcending all available media, the government seeks to control what Syrians see by restricting coverage from outside sources. Publications and broadcasts are monitored by members of the government. Syria is ranked as one of the most dangerous places in the world for journalists. There were 28 journalists killed in combat in 2012.


Media

Public media journalists practice self-censorship. Public media consists of television, print, film, radio and internet and social media.


Print

According to
Human Rights Watch Human Rights Watch (HRW) is an international non-governmental organization, headquartered in New York City, that conducts research and advocacy on human rights. The group pressures governments, policy makers, companies, and individual human r ...
, ''The Arab Establishment for Distribution of Printed Products'', which is affiliated with the Ministry of Information, vets all newspapers prior to distribution. The only two private daily newspapers covering political topics that have succeeded in staying open are owned by businessmen closely tied to the regime: ''
Baladna ''Baladna'' ( ar, بلدنا, lit=Our Country) is a privately owned, government-aligned Arabic daily newspaper published in Syria. The paper has also an English edition which was launched in December 2009 but later shut down. History and profil ...
'' and '' Alwatan''. ''Alwatan'', a private daily published by businessman Rami Makhlouf, President Assad's cousin, was launched in 2006.
United Group United Group is an alternative telecom provider in Southeast Europe that operates both telecommunications platforms and mass media outlets. History United Group was formed in 2007, as a Luxembourg-registered multinational entity, in a merger o ...
, a major advertising group owned by Majd Suleiman, son of a former senior intelligence officer (
Bahjat Suleiman Bahjat Suleiman ( ar, بهجت سليمان; 194925 February 2021), also known as Bahjat Sulayman, was a Syrian Ambassador to Jordan and head of the internal branch of the Syrian General Intelligence Directorate (GID), also known as Branch 251, ...
), owns and operates the private daily ''
Baladna ''Baladna'' ( ar, بلدنا, lit=Our Country) is a privately owned, government-aligned Arabic daily newspaper published in Syria. The paper has also an English edition which was launched in December 2009 but later shut down. History and profil ...
''. ''
Aliqtisadi Aliqtisadi is an Arabic-language business news portal that covers several countries including the UAE, Saudi Arabia, Syria, Egypt, Lebanon, Palestine and United Kingdom. It is published by Haykal Media, based in twofour54, Abu Dhabi, UAE. Backg ...
'' and ''
Forward Magazine ''Forward Magazine'' was a Syrian English-language newsmagazine published monthly in Damascus existed from January 2007 to November 2011. It was the first private English-language periodical to be licensed in Syria since all private media was ...
'' are two private newsmagazines, published by businessman
Abdulsalam Haykal Abdulsalam Haykal ( ar, عبد السّلام هيكل) (born July 14, 1978, in Damascus) is a Syrian technology and media entrepreneur, who lives and works in Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates. He is the co-founder of Haykal Media, one of the Midd ...
, Assad's friend. ''
Forward Magazine ''Forward Magazine'' was a Syrian English-language newsmagazine published monthly in Damascus existed from January 2007 to November 2011. It was the first private English-language periodical to be licensed in Syria since all private media was ...
'', which carries the same name as the New York Jewish weekly, addresses the American audience.The only other political publication ''
Abyad wa Aswad ''Abyaḍ wa Aswad'' ( ar, أبيض وأسود, , ''Black and White'') is an Arabic independent weekly political culture magazine published in Damascus, Syria. The magazine is privately owned. History and profile ''Abyad wa Aswad'' was establish ...
'' (White and Black) is owned by Bilal Turkmani, son of the former defense minister, Hasan Turkmani. Other government-friendly businesspeople started a satellite television channel called
Addounia TV Addounia TV ( ar, قناة الدنيا الفضائية, lit=The World) was a private television station based in Damascus, Syria since March 23, 2007. The station is described by some western media as "semi-official" and a "mouthpiece of the gov ...
, which excludes political news.


Television

There is one main broadcaster for both television and radio called the General Organization of Radio and Television of Syria (ORTAS). It was founded in 1960 and is based in Damascus. The channel has programs in Arabic, English and French. TV is the most popular media in Syria.


Satellite channels

*
Addounia TV Addounia TV ( ar, قناة الدنيا الفضائية, lit=The World) was a private television station based in Damascus, Syria since March 23, 2007. The station is described by some western media as "semi-official" and a "mouthpiece of the gov ...
*
Arrai TV Arrai TV ( ar, قناة الرأي) was an Arabic-language television station based in Syria. The channel was owned by Misha'an al-Juburi. During the Libyan Civil War in 2011, it was used by overseas Libyans to defend the Gaddafi government, denou ...
*
Cham TV Cham TV also known as Sham TV ( ar, قناة شام الفضائية) is the first private satellite channel in Syria owned by businessman Mohamed Akram Aljundi. It was launched in Damascus since 2005. The channel continued for a period of 8 month ...
* Massaya TV *
Lana TV Lana may refer to: *Lana (given name) *Francesco Lana de Terzi (1631–1687), Italian Jesuit priest and scientist *Lana (wrestler), professional wrestler and pro wrestling manager *'' Wild Energy. Lana'', a 2006 Ukrainian fantasy novel Sciences * ...
* Sama TV * Spacetoon *
General Organization of Radio and TV (Syria) The General Organization of Radio and TV ( ar, الهيئة العامة للإذاعة والتلفزيون), also known as from French ''Organisation de la Radio et la Télévision Arabe Syrienne '' (in short ORTAS), is the state and public br ...
(RTV) **
Noor Al-Sham Noor Al-Sham, also spelled Nour El-Sham (Arabic , literal translation "The Light of the Levant" is a state-run, religious satellite television station based in Damascus, Syria Syria ( ar, سُورِيَا or سُورِيَة, translit=S ...
**
Syria TV Syria TV ( ar, القناة الفضائية السورية), also known as Syrian Satellite Channel, is a satellite television channel a nationwide public broadcasting, state-funded by the Syrian General Organization of Radio and TV and broadc ...
**
Syrian Drama TV Syrian Drama TV ( ar, قناة سورية دراما) is a government owned television station based in Damascus, Syria since 20 August 2009. Syrian Drama TV broadcast was stopped on Eutelsat Hot Bird, Hot Bird 13 East on 22 October 2012. Its go ...
**
Syrian Education TV Syrian Education TV (Arabic القناة الفضائية التربوية السورية) launched by the Syrian Ministry of Education on 14 October 2008 on Arabsat and it was later launched in June 2009 to broadcast from Damascus on Nilesat ...
**
Syrian Medical TV Syrian Medical TV (Arabic القناة الطبية السورية الفضائية) was a television station based in Damascus, Syria Syria ( ar, سُورِيَا or سُورِيَة, translit=Sūriyā), officially the Syrian Arab Rep ...
**
Syrian News Channel Syrian News Channel ( ar, الإخبارية السورية), also known as alikhbaria Syria or Al-Ikhbariyah Syria, is a state-run television station based in Damascus, Syria, launched in December 15, 2010. The channel is headed by Imad Sara. S ...
**
Talaqie TV Talaqie TV (Arabic قناة تلاقي, literal translation "Meeting") was a television station A television station is a set of equipment managed by a business, organisation or other entity, such as an amateur television (ATV) operator, that ...


Terrestrial channels

* Channel 1 (Terrestrial, with
Arabic Arabic (, ' ; , ' or ) is a Semitic languages, Semitic language spoken primarily across the Arab world.Semitic languages: an international handbook / edited by Stefan Weninger; in collaboration with Geoffrey Khan, Michael P. Streck, Janet C ...
focus) * Channel 2 (Terrestrial, with sport, family and health focus including regional variants)


Newspapers

* '' Al-Ba'ath'' * ''
Al-Thawra Al-Thawra ( ar, الثورة, meaning "The Revolution") is an experimental metal punk band with rhythms and modes that draw heavily on Middle Eastern influences. Band member Marwan Kemal describes a "third identity" between the "false dichotomy ...
'' * '' Tishreen'' * ''
Syria Times ''The Syria Times'' ( ar, سيريا تايمز) was an English-language Syrian daily newspaper. Profile ''The Syria Times'' was published by Tishreen Organization for Press and Publishing, a government-owned company that publishes the leading ...
'' (defunct) * '' Al-Watan'' * ''
Baladna ''Baladna'' ( ar, بلدنا, lit=Our Country) is a privately owned, government-aligned Arabic daily newspaper published in Syria. The paper has also an English edition which was launched in December 2009 but later shut down. History and profil ...
'' * ''
Al-Iqtissadiya ''Al Iqtissadiya'' (Arabic: الاقتصادية; ''Economy'') is a weekly Arabic newspaper published in Syria. The paper is one of the first privately owned publications in Syria. Its sister paper is '' Al Watan'', a daily newspaper. History an ...
'' * '' Enab Baladi''


Film

The Syrian film industry is state-run by the Ministry of Culture, which controls production through the National Organization for Cinema. The industry is largely propaganda based, focusing on Syria's successes in agriculture, health, transportation and infrastructure.


Radio

There are over 4 million radios in Syria. They tend to broadcast music, ads and stories relating to culture. * Syrian Arab Republic Radio
Alaan FM
Al Aan FM Launched in Syria in October 2012 broadcasting live from the UAE. Al Aan FM is available in the following cities and frequencies: * FARAH FM 97.3 *Al-Bukamal 96.6 MHz *Aleppo 96.6 MHz *Al Qunaitra 98.2 MHz *Atimah Camps 99.7 MHz *Azaz & Afrin 96.6 MHz *Al Bab & Manbij 104.4 MHz *Damascus 96.9 MHz *Daraa 96.9 and 99.4 MHz *Hama, Homs 97.6 MHz *Idlib 96.6 MHz *Kobani 96.7 MHz *Latakia 96.6 MHz *Qamishli & Amuda 97.6 MHz *Suwayda 96.9 and 99.4 MHz *Shaddadi (Ash Shaddadi) 97.6 MHz * FARAH FM: www.farah.fm * FARAH FM 97.
Radio FARAH FM Syria
* Al-Madina FM: Syria's first private radio station


Online

Providing hosting services is a violation of United States sanctions. Some of the official Syrian government websites include: *
Syrian Arab News Agency The Syrian Arab News Agency (SANA) ( ar, الوكالة العربية السورية للأنباء (سانا), ) is a Syrian state-controlled news agency, linked to the country's ministry of information. It was established in June 1965. We ...
(SANA) * Ministry of Religious Affairs site * General Authority for Development site * Government of Hama, city website News agencies and
online news An online newspaper (or electronic news or electronic news publication) is the electronic publishing, online version of a newspaper, either as a stand-alone publication or as the online version of a printed periodical literature, periodical. Goin ...
services based in or targeted at Syria, several of which launched during the Syrian civil war, include: * '' Al-Masdar News'', sometimes criticized as sympathetic to the Syrian regime * Al-Watan, an online edition of Damascus-based ''Al-Watan'' newspaper, the 33rd most visited website for 2010 in the MENA region. *
Amaq News Agency Amaq News Agency ( ar, وكالة أعماق الإخبارية) is a news outlet linked to the Islamic State (IS). Amaq publishes news reports about claims of responsibility for terrorist attacks in Western countries. It is often the "first poi ...
, a news outlet linked to the
Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant An Islamic state is a State (polity), state that has a form of government based on sharia, Islamic law (sharia). As a term, it has been used to describe various historical Polity, polities and theories of governance in the Islamic world. As a t ...
(ISIL). * ANF News ( ku, Ajansa Nûçeyan a Firatê), a Netherlands-based multilingual online news service. * '' ARA News'', an online news service focussed on the consequences of war in
Syria Syria ( ar, سُورِيَا or سُورِيَة, translit=Sūriyā), officially the Syrian Arab Republic ( ar, الجمهورية العربية السورية, al-Jumhūrīyah al-ʻArabīyah as-Sūrīyah), is a Western Asian country loc ...
and
Iraq Iraq,; ku, عێراق, translit=Êraq officially the Republic of Iraq, '; ku, کۆماری عێراق, translit=Komarî Êraq is a country in Western Asia. It is bordered by Turkey to Iraq–Turkey border, the north, Iran to Iran–Iraq ...
. * '' Hawar News Agency'' (sometimes abbreviated ''ANHA'') ( ar, وكالة أنباء هاوار) is an online Kurdish news service based in
Al-Hasaka Al-Hasakah ( ar, ٱلْحَسَكَة, al-Ḥasaka; ku, Heseke/حەسەکە; syr, ܚܣܝܟܐ Hasake), is the capital city of the Al-Hasakah Governorate, in the northeastern corner of Syria. With a 2004 census population of 188,160, it is the e ...
,
Syria Syria ( ar, سُورِيَا or سُورِيَة, translit=Sūriyā), officially the Syrian Arab Republic ( ar, الجمهورية العربية السورية, al-Jumhūrīyah al-ʻArabīyah as-Sūrīyah), is a Western Asian country loc ...
, said to be linked to the SDF. * ''Ekurd.net'', an English language
online newspaper An online newspaper (or electronic news or electronic news publication) is the online version of a newspaper, either as a stand-alone publication or as the online version of a printed periodical. Going online created more opportunities for newspa ...
for
Kurds ug:كۇردلار Kurds ( ku, کورد ,Kurd, italic=yes, rtl=yes) or Kurdish people are an Iranian ethnic group native to the mountainous region of Kurdistan in Western Asia, which spans southeastern Turkey, northwestern Iran, northern Ir ...
since January 2015, based in New York. The editorial team is known, though its owners are not. *
NOW News ''NOW News'' (sometimes abbreviated NOW, formerly ''NOW Lebanon'') is a Beirut-based Lebanese news website focused on the Middle East founded in late 2012 and published in both English and Arabic by M Publishing SAL. The site offers reports, ne ...
, a Beirut-based news website focused on the Middle East, with a special section on the developing situation in Syria. * Orient Net, a Dubai-based Arabic and English language
online newspaper An online newspaper (or electronic news or electronic news publication) is the online version of a newspaper, either as a stand-alone publication or as the online version of a printed periodical. Going online created more opportunities for newspa ...
concerned with Syrian affairs. * '' Rumiyah'' is a multi-language Raqqa-based
online magazine An online magazine is a magazine published on the Internet, through bulletin board systems and other forms of public computer networks. One of the first magazines to convert from a print magazine format to being online only was the computer magaz ...
used by ISIL for propaganda and recruitment. *
SMART News Agency The SMART News Agency is an independent online Arabic-language media agency that mainly operates in Syria. It is owned by the Syrian Media Action Revolution Team (SMART), the largest independent Syrian opposition, opposition media network operatin ...
, SMART standing for "Syrian Media Action Revolution Team", a France-based Arabic language opposition media network. * Syria Direct, an Arabic and English language news desk covering Syria's war and politics. *
Syria-News ''Syria-News'' is an online press agency intended to report news about Syria. Their website features several categories of news (domestic, regional, political, and economical) as well as reports and questionnaires that concern Syrian issues. It ena ...
, an Arabic language online press agency intended to report news about Syria. * Syria NewsDesk, a Beirut-based Arabic news agency, focussed on the ordeal of the Syrian population, supported by the Dutch foundation "Free Press Unlimited".


Pro-rebel media

The public does have access to Western radio stations and satellite TV, and
Qatar Qatar (, ; ar, قطر, Qaṭar ; local vernacular pronunciation: ), officially the State of Qatar,) is a country in Western Asia. It occupies the Qatar Peninsula on the northeastern coast of the Arabian Peninsula in the Middle East; it sh ...
-based
Al Jazeera Al Jazeera ( ar, الجزيرة, translit-std=DIN, translit=al-jazīrah, , "The Island") is a state-owned Arabic-language international radio and TV broadcaster of Qatar. It is based in Doha and operated by the media conglomerate Al Jazeera ...
has become very popular in Syria. In August 2012, a media centre utilized by foreign reporters in
Azaz Azaz ( ar, أَعْزَاز, ʾAʿzāz) is a city in northwest Syria, roughly north-northwest of Aleppo. According to the Syria Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS), Azaz had a population of 31,623 in the 2004 census.
was targeted by the Syrian Air Force in an airstrike on a civilian area during
Ramadan , type = islam , longtype = Religious , image = Ramadan montage.jpg , caption=From top, left to right: A crescent moon over Sarıçam, Turkey, marking the beginning of the Islamic month of Ramadan. Ramadan Quran reading in Bandar Torkaman, Iran. ...
.


Television

There are also satellite stations which broadcast outside Syria. Two of the primary satellite networks, Eutelsat and Nilesat, have recently expressed frustrations over the Syrian government preventing satellite TV transmissions broadcast from international outlets.


Satellite channels

* Orient TV *
Aleppo Today Aleppo (Halab) Today ( ar, قناة حلب اليوم) is a television news channel, unofficially associated with Syrian opposition. The channel's broadcast features music and images with a news ticker running at the bottom of the screen that prov ...
*
Syria TV (Private) Syria TV ( ar, تلفزيون سوريا, transliterated: ') is a pro-opposition Syrian television network launched in March 2018 in Istanbul. It broadcasts a variety of programs and news shows in Arabic, covering society, politics, entertainment ...


Press

* Enab Baladi * ''Al-Ghad'': opposition paper *Al-Ahd (The Vow)- published by the Syrian Muslim Brotherhood *Brigades: published by a military brigade to raise questions about the origins of extremist Muslim fighters *Shaam-published by the
Shaam News Network Shaam News Network (Arabic: شبكة شام الإخبارية) (S.N.N.) is a Syrian opposition media outlet. It is named after the Arabic name for the Levant region. It was funded by Syrian-American activists at the beginning of the Syrian Revolu ...
, which is an activist news organization. It is privately financed. Each 16-page edition includes coverage of culture, translation from foreign news sources and cartoons that are critical of the Assad government.


Radio


Internet and social media

With the breakdown of many traditional media outlets during the civil war, much of the current events are reported by individuals on Facebook and Twitter. However, the reliability of such reports can in many cases not be independently verified by credible news agencies. While many websites have appeared and publish a pro-opposition alternative to regime media, the lack of robust journalistic standards has often benefited the government since correctly denying news reports gives them more credibility. *
Raqqa Is Being Slaughtered Silently Raqqa Is Being Slaughtered Silently (RSS or RBSS) is a citizen journalist group reporting Syrian war news and human rights abuses by Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL) and other forces occupying the northern Syrian city of Raqqa which I ...
: Citizen journalism effort exposing human rights abuses by
ISIS Isis (; ''Ēse''; ; Meroitic: ''Wos'' 'a''or ''Wusa''; Phoenician: 𐤀𐤎, romanized: ʾs) was a major goddess in ancient Egyptian religion whose worship spread throughout the Greco-Roman world. Isis was first mentioned in the Old Kingd ...
forces occupying the northern Syrian city of
Raqqa Raqqa ( ar, ٱلرَّقَّة, ar-Raqqah, also and ) (Kurdish languages, Kurdish: Reqa/ ڕەقە) is a city in Syria on the northeast bank of the Euphrates River, about east of Aleppo. It is located east of the Tabqa Dam, Syria's largest dam. T ...
. *
Rojava Information Center The Rojava Information Center (RIC) () is a news agency in Syria. Its headquarters are located in Qamishli. It was founded by foreign volunteers in Rojava (Thomas McClure, Joan Garcia, Koni Docolomansky and Chloé Troadec) in reaction to the De ...
: Journalism from the
Autonomous Administration of North and East Syria The Autonomous Administration of North and East Syria (AANES), also known as Rojava, is a de facto autonomous region in northeastern Syria. It consists of self-governing sub-regions in the areas of Afrin, Jazira, Euphrates, Raqqa, Tabqa, M ...
.


Prohibitive measures against media


State of emergency law

The constitution of the Syrian Arab Republic guaranteed the right to a free press and
freedom of expression Freedom of speech is a principle that supports the freedom of an individual or a community to articulate their opinions and ideas without fear of retaliation, censorship, or legal sanction. The right to freedom of expression has been recogni ...
, but Syria was under a highly restrictive state of emergency law since the
Ba'ath Party The Arab Socialist Baʿath Party ( ar, حزب البعث العربي الاشتراكي ' ) was a political party founded in Syria by Mishel ʿAflaq, Ṣalāḥ al-Dīn al-Bītār, and associates of Zaki al-ʾArsūzī. The party espoused B ...
came to power in 1964 until 2011. Anyone wishing to establish an independent paper or periodical must apply for a license from the Ministry of Information.Syria country profile
Library of Congress The Library of Congress (LOC) is the research library that officially serves the United States Congress and is the ''de facto'' national library of the United States. It is the oldest federal cultural institution in the country. The library is ...
Federal Research Division The Federal Research Division (FRD) is the research and analysis unit of the United States Library of Congress. The Federal Research Division provides directed research and analysis on domestic and international subjects to agencies of the Unite ...
(April 2005). ''This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the
public domain The public domain (PD) consists of all the creative work A creative work is a manifestation of creative effort including fine artwork (sculpture, paintings, drawing, sketching, performance art), dance, writing (literature), filmmaking, ...
.''
In 2011 the state of emergency was lifted. This seems to have had no effect what-so-ever on the way the government conducted itself regarding the media, with Syria's ranking actually worsening the following year with journalistic organizations such as the
Committee to Protect Journalists The Committee to Protect Journalists (CPJ) is an American independent non-profit, non-governmental organization, based in New York City, New York, with correspondents around the world. CPJ promotes press freedom and defends the rights of journa ...
, and
Reporters Without Borders Reporters Without Borders (RWB; french: Reporters sans frontières; RSF) is an international non-profit and non-governmental organization with the stated aim of safeguarding the right to freedom of information. It describes its advocacy as found ...
both ranking Syria as one of the top four most repressive countries in the world.


Internet censorship

There are over 5 million Internet users in Syria. Reporters Without Borders lists Syria as an “internet enemy” due to high levels of censorship. The Internet is controlled by the Syrian Computer Society (SCS) and the Syrian Telecommunications Establishment (STE). The government monitors activity through the hacking of emails and social networking accounts and phishing. Simultaneously, the government releases pro-Assad propaganda and false information to support its cause. The law requires Internet cafes to record all comments in the online chatrooms. There was a two-day Internet blackout in 2012, which was likely orchestrated by the government. Authorities have blocked journalists and bloggers from attending and reporting on events by arresting and torturing them. This is not limited to Syrian journalists as members of the
Associated Press The Associated Press (AP) is an American non-profit news agency headquartered in New York City. Founded in 1846, it operates as a cooperative, unincorporated association. It produces news reports that are distributed to its members, U.S. newspa ...
and
Reuters Reuters ( ) is a news agency owned by Thomson Reuters Corporation. It employs around 2,500 journalists and 600 photojournalists in about 200 locations worldwide. Reuters is one of the largest news agencies in the world. The agency was estab ...
have been arrested and expelled from the country for their reporting.


Press freedom

Reporters Without Borders Reporters Without Borders (RWB; french: Reporters sans frontières; RSF) is an international non-profit and non-governmental organization with the stated aim of safeguarding the right to freedom of information. It describes its advocacy as found ...
ranked Syria 171st out of 180 countries in the world on the Press Freedom Index in May 2022. On the Press Freedom Barometer for 2022, the organization reports that 1 journalist has been killed, while 27 journalists and 2 media workers have been imprisoned.


See also

*
Cinema of Syria Syrian cinema has existed since the early 20th century. The first Syrian film was ''Al Muttaham al Baree (The Innocent Suspect)'', released in 1928. Since the early 1960s, the film sector has been mainly managed by the National Organization for ...
*
List of newspapers in Syria Newspapers were first published in Syria during the Ottoman era. The first newspaper published in the country was ''Hadiqat al-Akhbar'', published in 1857 by Khalil Al Khuri. The number of the newspapers increased when the country was under French ...
* List of radio stations in Syria * List of Syrian films * Syrian Civil War * Media coverage of the Syrian Civil War *
Telecommunications in Syria The Syrian Ministry of Communications retains governmental authority over the internet in Syria. Prior to the Syrian civil war, telecommunications in Syria were slowly moving towards liberalization, with a number of licenses awarded and services ...
*
Television in Syria Television in Syria was formed in 1960, when Syria and Egypt (which adopted television that same year) were part of the United Arab Republic. It broadcast in black and white until 1976. In 1985 a second channel was established and in 1995 Syrian te ...


References


Further reading

Joseph Dahe
Syria, the uprising and the media scene
''OpenDemocracy'' 26 October 2017


External links

* * {{DEFAULTSORT:Media Of Syria
Syria Syria ( ar, سُورِيَا or سُورِيَة, translit=Sūriyā), officially the Syrian Arab Republic ( ar, الجمهورية العربية السورية, al-Jumhūrīyah al-ʻArabīyah as-Sūrīyah), is a Western Asian country loc ...
Syria Syria ( ar, سُورِيَا or سُورِيَة, translit=Sūriyā), officially the Syrian Arab Republic ( ar, الجمهورية العربية السورية, al-Jumhūrīyah al-ʻArabīyah as-Sūrīyah), is a Western Asian country loc ...