''Synalpheus'' is a genus of snapping shrimp of the family Alpheidae, presently containing more than 100 species; new ones are described on a regular basis, and the exact number even of described species is disputed.

''Zuzalpheus''

The genus ''Zuzalpheus'' was established for ''S. gambarelloides'', ''S. brooksi'', and their closest relatives, which contain several notably eusocial species. While these do seem to form a

clade A clade (), also known as a monophyletic group or natural group, is a group of organisms that are monophyletic – that is, composed of a common ancestor and all its lineal descendants – on a phylogenetic tree. Rather than the English term, ...

, it is not fully resolved whether or not they are indeed the sister taxon of all the remaining ''Synalpheus''. However, a detailed cladistic study of morphological characters found well marked differences between the proposed two genera and concluded that the supposed species groups around ''S. biunguiculatus''/''S. coutierei'', ''S. brevicarpus'' and ''S. neomeris'' are neither clearly defined nor, as it seems,

monophyletic In cladistics for a group of organisms, monophyly is the condition of being a clade—that is, a group of taxa composed only of a common ancestor (or more precisely an ancestral population) and all of its lineal descendants. Monophyletic gro ...

, while the group separated in ''Zuzalpheus'' was clearly distinct in characters of the minor first walking legs (

pereiopod The decapod (crustaceans such as a crab, lobster, shrimp or prawn) is made up of 20 body segments grouped into two main body parts: the cephalothorax and the pleon (abdomen). Each segment may possess one pair of appendages, although in various g ...

s), and usually distinct in some others; in all ''Synalpheus sensu stricto'' checked to date, the transverse setal comb on the back of the minor first pereopod

dactyl Dactyl may refer to: * Dactyl (mythology), a legendary being * Dactyl (poetry), a metrical unit of verse * Dactyl Foundation, an arts organization * Finger, a part of the hand * Dactylus, part of a decapod crustacean * "-dactyl", a suffix used ...

is missing, and the carpus is plump (about as wide as it is long or slightly wider) and small (not longer than half the length of the palm). Moreover, their stylocerite clearly extends beyond the whole first segment of the first

antenna Antenna ( antennas or antennae) may refer to: Science and engineering * Antenna (radio), also known as an aerial, a transducer designed to transmit or receive electromagnetic (e.g., TV or radio) waves * Antennae Galaxies, the name of two collid ...

e, their scaphocerite blade is never missing, the fixed finger of the major first pereopod is about the same length as the dactyl and the uropodal

exopod The arthropod leg is a form of jointed appendage of arthropods, usually used for walking. Many of the terms used for arthropod leg segments (called podomeres) are of Latin origin, and may be confused with terms for bones: ''coxa'' (meaning hip, plur ...

always has one tooth only; these traits however may be also present in some of the species separated in ''Zuzalpheus'' though as far as can be told, most of these differ. While the authors of the 2008 analysis made no explicit comment on the status of the newly proposed genus, they thus found the ''S. gambarelloides'' species group to be well-marked, and their results certainly harden the case for recognition of ''Zuzalpheus'' at least as a subgenus. However, this analysis only included 2 species from the ''S. gambarelloides'' species group, and none from the Caribbean, where the vast majority of the group resides. Opinion is still divided, however, and recently ''Zuzalpheus'' was synonymised with ''Synalpheus''.

Distribution

In the narrower sense, ''Synalpheus'' occur in the

East Pacific The Pacific Ocean is the largest and deepest of Earth's five oceanic divisions. It extends from the Arctic Ocean in the north to the Southern Ocean (or, depending on definition, to Antarctica) in the south, and is bounded by the continen ...

where they are most plentiful and probably originated, and to a lesser extent in the Atlantic and the Indian Ocean; the species placed in ''Zuzalpheus'' occur mainly in the western Atlantic where their lineage probably originated, and to a lesser extent in the eastern Atlantic and Indian Ocean, and the

. It may thus be that the closure of the

Isthmus of Panama The Isthmus of Panama ( es, Istmo de Panamá), also historically known as the Isthmus of Darien (), is the narrow strip of land that lies between the Caribbean Sea and the Pacific Ocean, linking North and South America. It contains the country ...

in the

Piacenzian The Piacenzian is in the international geologic time scale the upper stage (stratigraphy), stage or latest age (geology), age of the Pliocene. It spans the time between 3.6 ± 0.005 year#SI prefix multipliers, Ma and 2.588 ± 0.005 Ma (million yea ...

(about 3 million years ago) was a key factor in separating the two lineages, as species referred to ''Synalpheus sensu stricto'' are most plentiful in the western Pacific.

Snapping

The snapping behaviour of ''Synalpheus'' is rather well studied. In ''Synalpheus parneomeris'', peak to peak source levels of 185–190 dB re 1 μPa at 1 m were measured, depending on the size of the claw.

Eusociality

The only known eusocial aquatic species occur within the genus ''Synalpheus''. The species known to be eusocial are ''S. brooksi'', ''S. chacei'', ''S. elizabethae'', ''S. filidigitus'', ''S. rathbunae'', ''S. regalis'', ''S. microneptunus'', and ''S. duffyi'' as well as potentially ''S. riosi''. Eusociality has evolved at least three times within ''Synalpheus''. It appears that there were multiple rapid radiations between 3 and 9 mya from which the ancestors of these eusocial species appeared. Eusociality is thought to have arisen due to competition for space, because among the species that host ''Synalpheus'', empty sponges are rarely found. It also appears that kin selection was necessary for this evolution to occur because the only species in which eusociality has appeared are non-dispersing shrimp that hatch directly into crawling individuals. Until recently, eusocial species of ''Synalpheus'' have appeared in far greater abundance than and appear to outcompete less social species for space in sponges.

Species

''Synalpheus'' contains the following species: *''

Synalpheus agelas ''Synalpheus'' is a genus of snapping shrimp of the family Alpheidae, presently containing more than 100 species; new ones are described on a regular basis, and the exact number even of described species is disputed. ''Zuzalpheus'' The genus ''Z ...

'' Pequegnat & Heard, 1979 *''

Synalpheus albatrossi ''Synalpheus'' is a genus of snapping shrimp of the family Alpheidae, presently containing more than 100 species; new ones are described on a regular basis, and the exact number even of described species is disputed. ''Zuzalpheus'' The genus ''Z ...

'' Coutière, 1909 *''

Synalpheus amabilis ''Synalpheus'' is a genus of snapping shrimp of the family Alpheidae, presently containing more than 100 species; new ones are described on a regular basis, and the exact number even of described species is disputed. ''Zuzalpheus'' The genus ...

'' De Man, 1910 *''

Synalpheus anasimus ''Synalpheus'' is a genus of snapping shrimp of the family Alpheidae, presently containing more than 100 species; new ones are described on a regular basis, and the exact number even of described species is disputed. ''Zuzalpheus'' The genus ''Z ...

'' Chace, 1972 *''

Synalpheus anceps ''Synalpheus'' is a genus of snapping shrimp of the family Alpheidae, presently containing more than 100 species; new ones are described on a regular basis, and the exact number even of described species is disputed. ''Zuzalpheus'' The genus ...

'' Banner, 1956 *''

Synalpheus ancistrorhynchus ''Synalpheus'' is a genus of snapping shrimp of the family Alpheidae, presently containing more than 100 species; new ones are described on a regular basis, and the exact number even of described species is disputed. ''Zuzalpheus'' The genus ''Z ...

'' De Man, 1909 *''

Synalpheus androsi ''Synalpheus'' is a genus of snapping shrimp of the family Alpheidae, presently containing more than 100 species; new ones are described on a regular basis, and the exact number even of described species is disputed. ''Zuzalpheus'' The genus ''Z ...

'' Coutière, 1909 *''

Synalpheus antenor ''Synalpheus'' is a genus of snapping shrimp of the family Alpheidae, presently containing more than 100 species; new ones are described on a regular basis, and the exact number even of described species is disputed. ''Zuzalpheus'' The genus ...

'' De Man, 1910 *''

Synalpheus arostris ''Synalpheus'' is a genus of snapping shrimp of the family Alpheidae, presently containing more than 100 species; new ones are described on a regular basis, and the exact number even of described species is disputed. ''Zuzalpheus'' The genus ''Z ...

'' Wicksten, 1989 *''

Synalpheus bannerorum ''Synalpheus'' is a genus of snapping shrimp of the family Alpheidae, presently containing more than 100 species; new ones are described on a regular basis, and the exact number even of described species is disputed. ''Zuzalpheus'' The genus '' ...

'' Abele, 1975 *''

Synalpheus barahonensis ''Synalpheus'' is a genus of snapping shrimp of the family Alpheidae, presently containing more than 100 species; new ones are described on a regular basis, and the exact number even of described species is disputed. ''Zuzalpheus'' The genus ''Z ...

'' Armstrong, 1949 *''

Synalpheus belizensis ''Synalpheus'' is a genus of snapping shrimp of the family Alpheidae, presently containing more than 100 species; new ones are described on a regular basis, and the exact number even of described species is disputed. ''Zuzalpheus'' The genus ''Z ...

'' Anker & Tóth, 2008 *''

Synalpheus bispinosus ''Synalpheus'' is a genus of snapping shrimp of the family Alpheidae, presently containing more than 100 species; new ones are described on a regular basis, and the exact number even of described species is disputed. ''Zuzalpheus'' The genus '' ...

'' De Man, 1910 *''

Synalpheus bituberculatus ''Synalpheus'' is a genus of snapping shrimp of the family Alpheidae, presently containing more than 100 species; new ones are described on a regular basis, and the exact number even of described species is disputed. ''Zuzalpheus'' The genus ''Z ...

'' De Man, 1910 *''

Synalpheus biunguiculatus ''Synalpheus'' is a genus of snapping shrimp of the family Alpheidae, presently containing more than 100 species; new ones are described on a regular basis, and the exact number even of described species is disputed. ''Zuzalpheus'' The genus ...

'' (Stimpson, 1860) *''

Synalpheus bocas ''Synalpheus'' is a genus of snapping shrimp of the family Alpheidae, presently containing more than 100 species; new ones are described on a regular basis, and the exact number even of described species is disputed. ''Zuzalpheus'' The genus ''Z ...

'' Anker & Tóth, 2008 *''

Synalpheus bousfieldi ''Synalpheus'' is a genus of snapping shrimp of the family (biology), family Alpheidae, presently containing more than 100 species; new ones are described on a regular basis, and the exact number even of described species is disputed. ''Zuzalphe ...

'' Chace, 1972 *''

Synalpheus bradleyi ''Synalpheus'' is a genus of snapping shrimp of the family Alpheidae, presently containing more than 100 species; new ones are described on a regular basis, and the exact number even of described species is disputed. ''Zuzalpheus'' The genus ''Z ...

'' Verrill, 1922 *''

Synalpheus brevicarpus ''Synalpheus'' is a genus of snapping shrimp of the family Alpheidae, presently containing more than 100 species; new ones are described on a regular basis, and the exact number even of described species is disputed. ''Zuzalpheus'' The genus ''Z ...

'' (Herrick, 1891) *''

Synalpheus brevidactylus ''Synalpheus'' is a genus of snapping shrimp of the family Alpheidae, presently containing more than 100 species; new ones are described on a regular basis, and the exact number even of described species is disputed. ''Zuzalpheus'' The genus ''Z ...

'' Anker & Tóth, 2008 *''

Synalpheus brevifrons ''Synalpheus'' is a genus of snapping shrimp of the family Alpheidae, presently containing more than 100 species; new ones are described on a regular basis, and the exact number even of described species is disputed. ''Zuzalpheus'' The genus '' ...

'' Chace, 1972 *''

Synalpheus brevispinis ''Synalpheus'' is a genus of snapping shrimp of the family Alpheidae, presently containing more than 100 species; new ones are described on a regular basis, and the exact number even of described species is disputed. ''Zuzalpheus'' The genus ''Z ...

'' Coutière, 1909 *''

Synalpheus brooksi ''Synalpheus'' is a genus of snapping shrimp of the family Alpheidae, presently containing more than 100 species; new ones are described on a regular basis, and the exact number even of described species is disputed. ''Zuzalpheus'' The genus '' ...

'' Coutière, 1909 *''

Synalpheus carinatus ''Synalpheus'' is a genus of snapping shrimp of the family Alpheidae, presently containing more than 100 species; new ones are described on a regular basis, and the exact number even of described species is disputed. ''Zuzalpheus'' The genus '' ...

'' (De Man, 1888) *''

Synalpheus carpenteri ''Synalpheus carpenteri'' is a species of sponge-dwelling snapping shrimp described in 2006 from specimens collected from the Belizean Barrier Reef of the Exuma Islands, Bahamas, and the Atlantic coast of Panama. Its most identifying characteri ...

'' MacDonald & Duffy, 2006 *''

Synalpheus chacei ''Synalpheus'' is a genus of snapping shrimp of the family Alpheidae, presently containing more than 100 species; new ones are described on a regular basis, and the exact number even of described species is disputed. ''Zuzalpheus'' The genus ''Z ...

'' Duffy, 1998 *''

Synalpheus charon ''Synalpheus'' is a genus of snapping shrimp of the family (biology), family Alpheidae, presently containing more than 100 species; new ones are described on a regular basis, and the exact number even of described species is disputed. ''Zuzalphe ...

'' (Heller, 1861) *''

Synalpheus comatularum ''Synalpheus'' is a genus of snapping shrimp of the family Alpheidae, presently containing more than 100 species; new ones are described on a regular basis, and the exact number even of described species is disputed. ''Zuzalpheus'' The genus ''Z ...

'' (Haswell, 1882) *''

Synalpheus corallinus ''Synalpheus'' is a genus of snapping shrimp of the family Alpheidae, presently containing more than 100 species; new ones are described on a regular basis, and the exact number even of described species is disputed. ''Zuzalpheus'' The genus ''Z ...

'' MacDonald, Hultgren & Duffy, 2009 *''

Synalpheus coutierei ''Synalpheus'' is a genus of snapping shrimp of the family Alpheidae, presently containing more than 100 species; new ones are described on a regular basis, and the exact number even of described species is disputed. ''Zuzalpheus'' The genus '' ...

'' Banner, 1953 *''

Synalpheus cretoculatus ''Synalpheus'' is a genus of snapping shrimp of the family Alpheidae, presently containing more than 100 species; new ones are described on a regular basis, and the exact number even of described species is disputed. ''Zuzalpheus'' The genus ''Z ...

'' Banner & Banner, 1979 *''

Synalpheus crosnieri ''Synalpheus'' is a genus of snapping shrimp of the family (biology), family Alpheidae, presently containing more than 100 species; new ones are described on a regular basis, and the exact number even of described species is disputed. ''Zuzalphe ...

'' Banner & Banner, 1983 *''

Synalpheus curacaoensis ''Synalpheus'' is a genus of snapping shrimp of the family Alpheidae, presently containing more than 100 species; new ones are described on a regular basis, and the exact number even of described species is disputed. ''Zuzalpheus'' The genus ...

'' Schmitt, 1924 *''

Synalpheus dardeaui ''Synalpheus'' is a genus of snapping shrimp of the family Alpheidae, presently containing more than 100 species; new ones are described on a regular basis, and the exact number even of described species is disputed. ''Zuzalpheus'' The genus ''Z ...

'' (Ríos & Duffy, 2007) *''

Synalpheus demani ''Synalpheus'' is a genus of snapping shrimp of the family Alpheidae, presently containing more than 100 species; new ones are described on a regular basis, and the exact number even of described species is disputed. ''Zuzalpheus'' The genus '' ...

'' Borradaile, 1900 *''

Synalpheus digueti ''Synalpheus'' is a genus of snapping shrimp of the family Alpheidae, presently containing more than 100 species; new ones are described on a regular basis, and the exact number even of described species is disputed. ''Zuzalpheus'' The genus ...

'' Coutière, 1909 *''

Synalpheus disparodigitus ''Synalpheus'' is a genus of snapping shrimp of the family Alpheidae, presently containing more than 100 species; new ones are described on a regular basis, and the exact number even of described species is disputed. ''Zuzalpheus'' The genus ''Z ...

'' Armstrong, 1949 *''

Synalpheus dominicensis ''Synalpheus'' is a genus of snapping shrimp of the family Alpheidae, presently containing more than 100 species; new ones are described on a regular basis, and the exact number even of described species is disputed. ''Zuzalpheus'' The genus ''Z ...

'' Armstrong, 1949 *''

Synalpheus dorae ''Synalpheus'' is a genus of snapping shrimp of the family Alpheidae, presently containing more than 100 species; new ones are described on a regular basis, and the exact number even of described species is disputed. ''Zuzalpheus'' The genus ''Z ...

'' Bruce, 1988 *''

Synalpheus duffyi ''Synalpheus'' is a genus of snapping shrimp of the family Alpheidae, presently containing more than 100 species; new ones are described on a regular basis, and the exact number even of described species is disputed. ''Zuzalpheus'' The genus ''Z ...

'' Anker & Tóth, 2008 *''

Synalpheus echinus ''Synalpheus'' is a genus of snapping shrimp of the family Alpheidae, presently containing more than 100 species; new ones are described on a regular basis, and the exact number even of described species is disputed. ''Zuzalpheus'' The genus ''Z ...

'' Banner & Banner, 1975 *''

Synalpheus elizabethae ''Synalpheus'' is a genus of snapping shrimp of the family Alpheidae, presently containing more than 100 species; new ones are described on a regular basis, and the exact number even of described species is disputed. ''Zuzalpheus'' The genus ''Z ...

'' (Ríos & Duffy, 2007) *''

Synalpheus filidigitus ''Synalpheus'' is a genus of snapping shrimp of the family Alpheidae, presently containing more than 100 species; new ones are described on a regular basis, and the exact number even of described species is disputed. ''Zuzalpheus'' The genus ''Z ...

'' Armstrong, 1949 *''

Synalpheus fossor ''Synalpheus'' is a genus of snapping shrimp of the family Alpheidae, presently containing more than 100 species; new ones are described on a regular basis, and the exact number even of described species is disputed. ''Zuzalpheus'' The genus ...

'' (Paul'son, 1875) *''

Synalpheus fritzmuelleri ''Synalpheus'' is a genus of snapping shrimp of the family Alpheidae, presently containing more than 100 species; new ones are described on a regular basis, and the exact number even of described species is disputed. ''Zuzalpheus'' The genus ''Z ...

'' Coutière, 1909 *''

Synalpheus gambarelloides ''Synalpheus'' is a genus of snapping shrimp of the family Alpheidae, presently containing more than 100 species; new ones are described on a regular basis, and the exact number even of described species is disputed. ''Zuzalpheus'' The genus ''Z ...

'' (Nardo, 1847) *''

Synalpheus goodei ''Synalpheus'' is a genus of snapping shrimp of the family Alpheidae, presently containing more than 100 species; new ones are described on a regular basis, and the exact number even of described species is disputed. ''Zuzalpheus'' The genus ...

'' Coutière, 1909 *''

Synalpheus gracilirostris ''Synalpheus'' is a genus of snapping shrimp of the family Alpheidae, presently containing more than 100 species; new ones are described on a regular basis, and the exact number even of described species is disputed. ''Zuzalpheus'' The genus ...

'' De Man, 1910 *''

Synalpheus haddoni ''Synalpheus'' is a genus of snapping shrimp of the family (biology), family Alpheidae, presently containing more than 100 species; new ones are described on a regular basis, and the exact number even of described species is disputed. ''Zuzalphe ...

'' Coutière, 1900 *''

Synalpheus harpagatrus ''Synalpheus'' is a genus of snapping shrimp of the family Alpheidae, presently containing more than 100 species; new ones are described on a regular basis, and the exact number even of described species is disputed. ''Zuzalpheus'' The genus ...

'' Banner & Banner, 1975 *'' Synalpheus hastilicrassus'' Coutière, 1905 *''

Synalpheus heardi ''Synalpheus'' is a genus of snapping shrimp of the family Alpheidae, presently containing more than 100 species; new ones are described on a regular basis, and the exact number even of described species is disputed. ''Zuzalpheus'' The genus ...

'' Dardeau, 1984 *''

Synalpheus hemphilli ''Synalpheus'' is a genus of snapping shrimp of the family Alpheidae, presently containing more than 100 species; new ones are described on a regular basis, and the exact number even of described species is disputed. ''Zuzalpheus'' The genus ...

'' Coutière, 1909 *''

Synalpheus herdmaniae ''Synalpheus'' is a genus of snapping shrimp of the family Alpheidae, presently containing more than 100 species; new ones are described on a regular basis, and the exact number even of described species is disputed. ''Zuzalpheus'' The genus ''Z ...

'' Lebour, 1938 *''

Synalpheus heroni ''Synalpheus'' is a genus of snapping shrimp of the family Alpheidae, presently containing more than 100 species; new ones are described on a regular basis, and the exact number even of described species is disputed. ''Zuzalpheus'' The genus ''Z ...

'' Coutière, 1909 *''

Synalpheus herricki ''Synalpheus'' is a genus of snapping shrimp of the family Alpheidae, presently containing more than 100 species; new ones are described on a regular basis, and the exact number even of described species is disputed. ''Zuzalpheus'' The genus '' ...

'' Coutière, 1909 *''

Synalpheus hilarulus ''Synalpheus'' is a genus of snapping shrimp of the family Alpheidae, presently containing more than 100 species; new ones are described on a regular basis, and the exact number even of described species is disputed. ''Zuzalpheus'' The genus '' ...

'' De Man, 1910 *''

Synalpheus hoetjesi ''Synalpheus'' is a genus of snapping shrimp of the family Alpheidae, presently containing more than 100 species; new ones are described on a regular basis, and the exact number even of described species is disputed. ''Zuzalpheus'' The genus '' ...

'' Hultgren, MacDonald & Duffy, 2010 *''

Synalpheus idios ''Synalpheus'' is a genus of snapping shrimp of the family (biology), family Alpheidae, presently containing more than 100 species; new ones are described on a regular basis, and the exact number even of described species is disputed. ''Zuzalphe ...

'' (Ríos & Duffy, 2007) *''

Synalpheus iocasta ''Synalpheus'' is a genus of snapping shrimp of the family Alpheidae, presently containing more than 100 species; new ones are described on a regular basis, and the exact number even of described species is disputed. ''Zuzalpheus'' The genus ''Z ...

'' De Man, 1909 *''

Synalpheus iphinoe ''Synalpheus'' is a genus of snapping shrimp of the family Alpheidae, presently containing more than 100 species; new ones are described on a regular basis, and the exact number even of described species is disputed. ''Zuzalpheus'' The genus ''Z ...

'' De Man, 1909 *''

Synalpheus irie ''Synalpheus'' is a genus of snapping shrimp of the family Alpheidae, presently containing more than 100 species; new ones are described on a regular basis, and the exact number even of described species is disputed. ''Zuzalpheus'' The genus ...

'' MacDonald, Hultgren & Duffy, 2009 *''

Synalpheus jedanensis ''Synalpheus'' is a genus of snapping shrimp of the family Alpheidae, presently containing more than 100 species; new ones are described on a regular basis, and the exact number even of described species is disputed. ''Zuzalpheus'' The genus ...

'' De Man, 1909 *''

Synalpheus kensleyi ''Synalpheus'' is a genus of snapping shrimp of the family Alpheidae, presently containing more than 100 species; new ones are described on a regular basis, and the exact number even of described species is disputed. ''Zuzalpheus'' The genus ''Z ...

'' (Ríos & Duffy, 2007) *''

Synalpheus kuadramanus ''Synalpheus'' is a genus of snapping shrimp of the family Alpheidae, presently containing more than 100 species; new ones are described on a regular basis, and the exact number even of described species is disputed. ''Zuzalpheus'' The genus '' ...

'' Hultgren, MacDonald & Duffy, 2010 *''

Synalpheus kusaiensis ''Synalpheus'' is a genus of snapping shrimp of the family Alpheidae, presently containing more than 100 species; new ones are described on a regular basis, and the exact number even of described species is disputed. ''Zuzalpheus'' The genus ''Z ...

'' Kubo, 1940 *''

Synalpheus laevimanus ''Synalpheus'' is a genus of snapping shrimp of the family Alpheidae, presently containing more than 100 species; new ones are described on a regular basis, and the exact number even of described species is disputed. ''Zuzalpheus'' The genus ''Z ...

'' *''

Synalpheus lani ''Synalpheus'' is a genus of snapping shrimp of the family Alpheidae, presently containing more than 100 species; new ones are described on a regular basis, and the exact number even of described species is disputed. ''Zuzalpheus'' The genus ''Z ...

'' Hermoso & Alvarez, 2005 *''

Synalpheus laticeps ''Synalpheus'' is a genus of snapping shrimp of the family Alpheidae, presently containing more than 100 species; new ones are described on a regular basis, and the exact number even of described species is disputed. ''Zuzalpheus'' The genus ...

'' Coutière, 1905 *''

Synalpheus lockingtoni ''Synalpheus'' is a genus of snapping shrimp of the family Alpheidae, presently containing more than 100 species; new ones are described on a regular basis, and the exact number even of described species is disputed. ''Zuzalpheus'' The genus '' ...

'' Coutière, 1909 *''

Synalpheus longicarpus ''Synalpheus'' is a genus of snapping shrimp of the family Alpheidae, presently containing more than 100 species; new ones are described on a regular basis, and the exact number even of described species is disputed. ''Zuzalpheus'' The genus ''Z ...

'' (Herrick, 1891) *''

Synalpheus lophodactylus ''Synalpheus'' is a genus of snapping shrimp of the family Alpheidae, presently containing more than 100 species; new ones are described on a regular basis, and the exact number even of described species is disputed. ''Zuzalpheus'' The genus ''Z ...

'' Coutière, 1908 *''

Synalpheus macromanus ''Synalpheus'' is a genus of snapping shrimp of the family Alpheidae, presently containing more than 100 species; new ones are described on a regular basis, and the exact number even of described species is disputed. ''Zuzalpheus'' The genus ''Z ...

'' Edmondson, 1925 *''

Synalpheus mcclendoni ''Synalpheus'' is a genus of snapping shrimp of the family Alpheidae, presently containing more than 100 species; new ones are described on a regular basis, and the exact number even of described species is disputed. ''Zuzalpheus'' The genus ''Z ...

'' Coutière, 1910 *''

Synalpheus merospiniger ''Synalpheus'' is a genus of snapping shrimp of the family Alpheidae, presently containing more than 100 species; new ones are described on a regular basis, and the exact number even of described species is disputed. ''Zuzalpheus'' The genus '' ...

'' Coutière, 1908 *''

Synalpheus mexicanus ''Synalpheus'' is a genus of snapping shrimp of the family Alpheidae, presently containing more than 100 species; new ones are described on a regular basis, and the exact number even of described species is disputed. ''Zuzalpheus'' The genus ''Z ...

'' Coutière, 1909 *''

Synalpheus microneptunus ''Synalpheus microneptunus'' is a species of small snapping shrimp native to the waters off the island of Barbados. It is one of at least seven known species of eusocial shrimp. They are cryptofauna, living exclusively within the network of tunn ...

'' Hultgren, MacDonald & Duffy, 2011 *''

Synalpheus minus ''Synalpheus'' is a genus of snapping shrimp of the family Alpheidae, presently containing more than 100 species; new ones are described on a regular basis, and the exact number even of described species is disputed. ''Zuzalpheus'' The genus ...

'' (Say, 1818) *''

Synalpheus modestus ''Synalpheus'' is a genus of snapping shrimp of the family Alpheidae, presently containing more than 100 species; new ones are described on a regular basis, and the exact number even of described species is disputed. ''Zuzalpheus'' The genus ''Z ...

'' De Man, 1909 *''

Synalpheus mortenseni ''Synalpheus'' is a genus of snapping shrimp of the family Alpheidae, presently containing more than 100 species; new ones are described on a regular basis, and the exact number even of described species is disputed. ''Zuzalpheus'' The genus ...

'' Banner & Banner, 1985 *''

Synalpheus mulegensis ''Synalpheus'' is a genus of snapping shrimp of the family Alpheidae, presently containing more than 100 species; new ones are described on a regular basis, and the exact number even of described species is disputed. ''Zuzalpheus'' The genus '' ...

'' Ríos, 1992 *''

Synalpheus mushaensis ''Synalpheus'' is a genus of snapping shrimp of the family Alpheidae, presently containing more than 100 species; new ones are described on a regular basis, and the exact number even of described species is disputed. ''Zuzalpheus'' The genus '' ...

'' Coutière, 1908 *''

Synalpheus neomeris ''Synalpheus'' is a genus of snapping shrimp of the family Alpheidae, presently containing more than 100 species; new ones are described on a regular basis, and the exact number even of described species is disputed. ''Zuzalpheus'' The genus '' ...

'' (De Man, 1897) *''

Synalpheus nilandensis ''Synalpheus'' is a genus of snapping shrimp of the family Alpheidae, presently containing more than 100 species; new ones are described on a regular basis, and the exact number even of described species is disputed. ''Zuzalpheus'' The genus ''Z ...

'' Coutière, 1905 *''

Synalpheus nobilii ''Synalpheus'' is a genus of snapping shrimp of the family Alpheidae, presently containing more than 100 species; new ones are described on a regular basis, and the exact number even of described species is disputed. ''Zuzalpheus'' The genus ''Z ...

'' Coutière, 1909 *''

Synalpheus obtusifrons ''Synalpheus'' is a genus of snapping shrimp of the family Alpheidae, presently containing more than 100 species; new ones are described on a regular basis, and the exact number even of described species is disputed. ''Zuzalpheus'' The genus '' ...

'' Chace, 1972 *''

Synalpheus occidentalis ''Synalpheus'' is a genus of snapping shrimp of the family Alpheidae, presently containing more than 100 species; new ones are described on a regular basis, and the exact number even of described species is disputed. ''Zuzalpheus'' The genus ''Z ...

'' Coutière, 1909 *''

Synalpheus odontophorus ''Synalpheus'' is a genus of snapping shrimp of the family Alpheidae, presently containing more than 100 species; new ones are described on a regular basis, and the exact number even of described species is disputed. ''Zuzalpheus'' The genus '' ...

'' De Man, 1909 *'' Synalpheus orapilosus'' Hultgren, MacDonald & Duffy, 2010 *''

Synalpheus osburni ''Synalpheus'' is a genus of snapping shrimp of the family Alpheidae, presently containing more than 100 species; new ones are described on a regular basis, and the exact number even of described species is disputed. ''Zuzalpheus'' The genus '' ...

'' Schmitt, 1933 *''

Synalpheus otiosus ''Synalpheus'' is a genus of snapping shrimp of the family Alpheidae, presently containing more than 100 species; new ones are described on a regular basis, and the exact number even of described species is disputed. ''Zuzalpheus'' The genus ''Z ...

'' Coutière, 1908 *''

Synalpheus pachymeris ''Synalpheus'' is a genus of snapping shrimp of the family Alpheidae, presently containing more than 100 species; new ones are described on a regular basis, and the exact number even of described species is disputed. ''Zuzalpheus'' The genus ''Z ...

'' Coutière, 1905 *''

Synalpheus pandionis ''Synalpheus'' is a genus of snapping shrimp of the family Alpheidae, presently containing more than 100 species; new ones are described on a regular basis, and the exact number even of described species is disputed. ''Zuzalpheus'' The genus '' ...

'' Coutière, 1909 *''

Synalpheus paradoxus ''Synalpheus'' is a genus of snapping shrimp of the family Alpheidae, presently containing more than 100 species; new ones are described on a regular basis, and the exact number even of described species is disputed. ''Zuzalpheus'' The genus ...

'' Banner & Banner, 1981 *''

Synalpheus paralaticeps ''Synalpheus'' is a genus of snapping shrimp of the family Alpheidae, presently containing more than 100 species; new ones are described on a regular basis, and the exact number even of described species is disputed. ''Zuzalpheus'' The genus ''Z ...

'' Banner & Banner, 1982 *''

Synalpheus paraneomeris ''Synalpheus'' is a genus of snapping shrimp of the family Alpheidae, presently containing more than 100 species; new ones are described on a regular basis, and the exact number even of described species is disputed. ''Zuzalpheus'' The genus ''Z ...

'' Coutière, 1905 *''

Synalpheus paraneptunus ''Synalpheus'' is a genus of snapping shrimp of the family Alpheidae, presently containing more than 100 species; new ones are described on a regular basis, and the exact number even of described species is disputed. ''Zuzalpheus'' The genus ''Z ...

'' Coutière, 1909 *''

Synalpheus parfaiti ''Synalpheus'' is a genus of snapping shrimp of the family Alpheidae, presently containing more than 100 species; new ones are described on a regular basis, and the exact number even of described species is disputed. ''Zuzalpheus'' The genus '' ...

'' (Coutière, 1898) *''

Synalpheus paulsonoides ''Synalpheus'' is a genus of snapping shrimp of the family Alpheidae, presently containing more than 100 species; new ones are described on a regular basis, and the exact number even of described species is disputed. ''Zuzalpheus'' The genus ''Z ...

'' Coutière, 1909 *''

Synalpheus pectiniger ''Synalpheus'' is a genus of snapping shrimp of the family Alpheidae, presently containing more than 100 species; new ones are described on a regular basis, and the exact number even of described species is disputed. ''Zuzalpheus'' The genus '' ...

'' Coutière, 1907 *''

Synalpheus peruvianus ''Synalpheus'' is a genus of snapping shrimp of the family Alpheidae, presently containing more than 100 species; new ones are described on a regular basis, and the exact number even of described species is disputed. ''Zuzalpheus'' The genus '' ...

'' Rathbun, 1910 *'' Synalpheus pescadorensis'' Coutière, 1905 *''

Synalpheus pinkfloydi ''Synalpheus pinkfloydi'', the Pink Floyd pistol shrimp, is a species of snapping shrimp in the genus '' Synalpheus''. Described in 2017, it was named after the rock band Pink Floyd, in part because it has a distinctive "bright pink-red claw". ...

'' De Grave, 2017 *''

Synalpheus plumosetosus ''Synalpheus'' is a genus of snapping shrimp of the family Alpheidae, presently containing more than 100 species; new ones are described on a regular basis, and the exact number even of described species is disputed. ''Zuzalpheus'' The genus ''Z ...

'' MacDonald, Hultgren & Duffy, 2009 *''

Synalpheus pococki ''Synalpheus'' is a genus of snapping shrimp of the family Alpheidae, presently containing more than 100 species; new ones are described on a regular basis, and the exact number even of described species is disputed. ''Zuzalpheus'' The genus ''Z ...

'' Coutière, 1898 *''

Synalpheus quadriarticulatus ''Synalpheus'' is a genus of snapping shrimp of the family Alpheidae, presently containing more than 100 species; new ones are described on a regular basis, and the exact number even of described species is disputed. ''Zuzalpheus'' The genus ''Z ...

'' Banner & Banner, 1975 *''

Synalpheus quadrispinosus ''Synalpheus'' is a genus of snapping shrimp of the family Alpheidae, presently containing more than 100 species; new ones are described on a regular basis, and the exact number even of described species is disputed. ''Zuzalpheus'' The genus ...

'' De Man, 1910 *''

Synalpheus quinquedens ''Synalpheus'' is a genus of snapping shrimp of the family Alpheidae, presently containing more than 100 species; new ones are described on a regular basis, and the exact number even of described species is disputed. ''Zuzalpheus'' The genus '' ...

'' Tattersall, 1921 *''

Synalpheus rathbunae ''Synalpheus'' is a genus of snapping shrimp of the family Alpheidae, presently containing more than 100 species; new ones are described on a regular basis, and the exact number even of described species is disputed. ''Zuzalpheus'' The genus ''Z ...

'' Coutière, 1909 *''

Synalpheus readi ''Synalpheus'' is a genus of snapping shrimp of the family Alpheidae, presently containing more than 100 species; new ones are described on a regular basis, and the exact number even of described species is disputed. ''Zuzalpheus'' The genus ''Z ...

'' Banner & Banner, 1972 *''

Synalpheus recessus ''Synalpheus'' is a genus of snapping shrimp of the family Alpheidae, presently containing more than 100 species; new ones are described on a regular basis, and the exact number even of described species is disputed. ''Zuzalpheus'' The genus ''Z ...

'' Abele & W. Kim, 1989 *''

Synalpheus redactocarpus ''Synalpheus'' is a genus of snapping shrimp of the family Alpheidae, presently containing more than 100 species; new ones are described on a regular basis, and the exact number even of described species is disputed. ''Zuzalpheus'' The genus ''Z ...

'' Banner, 1953 *''

Synalpheus regalis ''Synalpheus regalis'' is a species of snapping shrimp that commonly live in sponges in the coral reefs along the tropical West Atlantic. They form a prominent component of the diverse marine cryptofauna of the region. For the span of their en ...

'' Duffy, 1996 *''

Synalpheus riosi ''Synalpheus'' is a genus of snapping shrimp of the family Alpheidae, presently containing more than 100 species; new ones are described on a regular basis, and the exact number even of described species is disputed. ''Zuzalpheus'' The genus ''Z ...

'' Anker & Tóth, 2008 *''

Synalpheus ruetzleri ''Synalpheus'' is a genus of snapping shrimp of the family Alpheidae, presently containing more than 100 species; new ones are described on a regular basis, and the exact number even of described species is disputed. ''Zuzalpheus'' The genus ''Z ...

'' MacDonald & Duffy, 2006 *''

Synalpheus sanctithomae ''Synalpheus'' is a genus of snapping shrimp of the family Alpheidae, presently containing more than 100 species; new ones are described on a regular basis, and the exact number even of described species is disputed. ''Zuzalpheus'' The genus '' ...

'' Coutière, 1909 *''

Synalpheus sanjosei ''Synalpheus'' is a genus of snapping shrimp of the family Alpheidae, presently containing more than 100 species; new ones are described on a regular basis, and the exact number even of described species is disputed. ''Zuzalpheus'' The genus ''Z ...

'' Coutière, 1909 *''

Synalpheus sanlucasi ''Synalpheus'' is a genus of snapping shrimp of the family Alpheidae, presently containing more than 100 species; new ones are described on a regular basis, and the exact number even of described species is disputed. ''Zuzalpheus'' The genus ''Z ...

'' Coutière, 1909 *''

Synalpheus scaphoceris ''Synalpheus'' is a genus of snapping shrimp of the family Alpheidae, presently containing more than 100 species; new ones are described on a regular basis, and the exact number even of described species is disputed. ''Zuzalpheus'' The genus '' ...

'' Coutière, 1910 *''

Synalpheus sciro ''Synalpheus'' is a genus of snapping shrimp of the family Alpheidae, presently containing more than 100 species; new ones are described on a regular basis, and the exact number even of described species is disputed. ''Zuzalpheus'' The genus '' ...

'' Banner & Banner, 1975 *''

Synalpheus senegambiensis ''Synalpheus'' is a genus of snapping shrimp of the family Alpheidae, presently containing more than 100 species; new ones are described on a regular basis, and the exact number even of described species is disputed. ''Zuzalpheus'' The genus ''Z ...

'' Coutière, 1908 *''

Synalpheus septemspinosus ''Synalpheus'' is a genus of snapping shrimp of the family Alpheidae, presently containing more than 100 species; new ones are described on a regular basis, and the exact number even of described species is disputed. ''Zuzalpheus'' The genus '' ...

'' De Man, 1910 *''

Synalpheus sladeni ''Synalpheus'' is a genus of snapping shrimp of the family Alpheidae, presently containing more than 100 species; new ones are described on a regular basis, and the exact number even of described species is disputed. ''Zuzalpheus'' The genus ''Z ...

'' Coutière, 1908 *''

Synalpheus somalia ''Synalpheus'' is a genus of snapping shrimp of the family Alpheidae, presently containing more than 100 species; new ones are described on a regular basis, and the exact number even of described species is disputed. ''Zuzalpheus'' The genus '' ...

'' Banner & Banner, 1979 *''

Synalpheus spinifrons ''Synalpheus'' is a genus of snapping shrimp of the family Alpheidae, presently containing more than 100 species; new ones are described on a regular basis, and the exact number even of described species is disputed. ''Zuzalpheus'' The genus ''Z ...

'' (H. Milne-Edwards, 1837) *''

Synalpheus spiniger ''Synalpheus'' is a genus of snapping shrimp of the family Alpheidae, presently containing more than 100 species; new ones are described on a regular basis, and the exact number even of described species is disputed. ''Zuzalpheus'' The genus ''Z ...

'' (Stimpson, 1860) *''

Synalpheus spongicola ''Synalpheus'' is a genus of snapping shrimp of the family Alpheidae, presently containing more than 100 species; new ones are described on a regular basis, and the exact number even of described species is disputed. ''Zuzalpheus'' The genus '' ...

'' Banner & Banner, 1981 *''

Synalpheus stimpsonii ''Synalpheus'' is a genus of snapping shrimp of the family Alpheidae, presently containing more than 100 species; new ones are described on a regular basis, and the exact number even of described species is disputed. ''Zuzalpheus'' The genus ''Z ...

'' (De Man, 1888) *''

Synalpheus streptodactylus ''Synalpheus'' is a genus of snapping shrimp of the family Alpheidae, presently containing more than 100 species; new ones are described on a regular basis, and the exact number even of described species is disputed. ''Zuzalpheus'' The genus ''Z ...

'' Coutière, 1905 *''

Synalpheus stylopleuron ''Synalpheus'' is a genus of snapping shrimp of the family Alpheidae, presently containing more than 100 species; new ones are described on a regular basis, and the exact number even of described species is disputed. ''Zuzalpheus'' The genus '' ...

'' Hermoso Salazar & Hendrickx, 2006 *''

Synalpheus superus ''Synalpheus'' is a genus of snapping shrimp of the family Alpheidae, presently containing more than 100 species; new ones are described on a regular basis, and the exact number even of described species is disputed. ''Zuzalpheus'' The genus ''Z ...

'' Abele & W. Kim, 1989 *''

Synalpheus tenuispina ''Synalpheus'' is a genus of snapping shrimp of the family Alpheidae, presently containing more than 100 species; new ones are described on a regular basis, and the exact number even of described species is disputed. ''Zuzalpheus'' The genus ''Z ...

'' Coutière, 1909 *''

Synalpheus thai ''Synalpheus'' is a genus of snapping shrimp of the family Alpheidae, presently containing more than 100 species; new ones are described on a regular basis, and the exact number even of described species is disputed. ''Zuzalpheus'' The genus ''Z ...

'' Banner & Banner, 1966 *''

Synalpheus theano ''Synalpheus'' is a genus of snapping shrimp of the family Alpheidae, presently containing more than 100 species; new ones are described on a regular basis, and the exact number even of described species is disputed. ''Zuzalpheus'' The genus ''Z ...

'' De Man, 1910 *''

Synalpheus thele ''Synalpheus'' is a genus of snapping shrimp of the family Alpheidae, presently containing more than 100 species; new ones are described on a regular basis, and the exact number even of described species is disputed. ''Zuzalpheus'' The genus '' ...

'' MacDonald, Hultgren & Duffy, 2009 *'' Synalpheus tijou'' Banner & Banner, 1982 *''

Synalpheus townsendi ''Synalpheus'' is a genus of snapping shrimp of the family Alpheidae, presently containing more than 100 species; new ones are described on a regular basis, and the exact number even of described species is disputed. ''Zuzalpheus'' The genus ''Z ...

'' Coutière, 1909 *''

Synalpheus triacanthus ''Synalpheus'' is a genus of snapping shrimp of the family Alpheidae, presently containing more than 100 species; new ones are described on a regular basis, and the exact number even of described species is disputed. ''Zuzalpheus'' The genus ''Z ...

'' De Man, 1910 *''

Synalpheus tricuspidatus ''Synalpheus'' is a genus of snapping shrimp of the family Alpheidae, presently containing more than 100 species; new ones are described on a regular basis, and the exact number even of described species is disputed. ''Zuzalpheus'' The genus '' ...

'' (Heller, 1861) *''

Synalpheus tridentulatus ''Synalpheus'' is a genus of snapping shrimp of the family Alpheidae, presently containing more than 100 species; new ones are described on a regular basis, and the exact number even of described species is disputed. ''Zuzalpheus'' The genus ...

'' (Dana, 1852) *''

Synalpheus trispinosus ''Synalpheus'' is a genus of snapping shrimp of the family Alpheidae, presently containing more than 100 species; new ones are described on a regular basis, and the exact number even of described species is disputed. ''Zuzalpheus'' The genus ''Z ...

'' De Man, 1910 *''

Synalpheus triunguiculatus ''Synalpheus'' is a genus of snapping shrimp of the family Alpheidae, presently containing more than 100 species; new ones are described on a regular basis, and the exact number even of described species is disputed. ''Zuzalpheus'' The genus ''Z ...

'' (Paul'son, 1875) *''

Synalpheus tropidodactylus ''Synalpheus'' is a genus of snapping shrimp of the family Alpheidae, presently containing more than 100 species; new ones are described on a regular basis, and the exact number even of described species is disputed. ''Zuzalpheus'' The genus ...

'' Banner & Banner, 1975 *''

Synalpheus tuthilli ''Synalpheus'' is a genus of snapping shrimp of the family Alpheidae, presently containing more than 100 species; new ones are described on a regular basis, and the exact number even of described species is disputed. ''Zuzalpheus'' The genus ''Z ...

'' Banner, 1959 *''

Synalpheus ul ''Synalpheus'' is a genus of snapping shrimp of the family Alpheidae, presently containing more than 100 species; new ones are described on a regular basis, and the exact number even of described species is disputed. ''Zuzalpheus'' The genus ''Z ...

'' (Ríos & Duffy, 2007) *''

Synalpheus wickstenae ''Synalpheus'' is a genus of snapping shrimp of the family Alpheidae, presently containing more than 100 species; new ones are described on a regular basis, and the exact number even of described species is disputed. ''Zuzalpheus'' The genus ''Z ...

'' Hermoso Salazar & Hendrickx, 2006 *''

Synalpheus williamsi ''Synalpheus'' is a genus of snapping shrimp of the family Alpheidae, presently containing more than 100 species; new ones are described on a regular basis, and the exact number even of described species is disputed. ''Zuzalpheus'' The genus ''Z ...

'' Ríos & Duffy, 1999 *''

Synalpheus yano ''Synalpheus'' is a genus of snapping shrimp of the family Alpheidae, presently containing more than 100 species; new ones are described on a regular basis, and the exact number even of described species is disputed. ''Zuzalpheus'' The genus ...

'' (Ríos & Duffy, 2007)

References

External links

{{Taxonbar, from=Q3934246 Alpheidae Decapod genera Taxa named by Charles Spence Bate

''Zuzalpheus''

Distribution

Snapping

Eusociality

Species

References

Further reading

External links