''Synallaxis'' is a

genus Genus ( plural genera ) is a taxonomic rank used in the biological classification of extant taxon, living and fossil organisms as well as Virus classification#ICTV classification, viruses. In the hierarchy of biological classification, genus com ...

bird Birds are a group of warm-blooded vertebrates constituting the class Aves (), characterised by feathers, toothless beaked jaws, the laying of hard-shelled eggs, a high metabolic rate, a four-chambered heart, and a strong yet lightweigh ...

s in the ovenbird family, Furnariidae. It is one of the most diverse genera in the family and is composed of small birds that inhabit dense undergrowth across tropical and subtropical habitats in the

Neotropical The Neotropical realm is one of the eight biogeographic realms constituting Earth's land surface. Physically, it includes the tropical terrestrial ecoregions of the Americas and the entire South American temperate zone. Definition In bioge ...

region. Some species show contrasting plumage patterns involving rufous crown and wing patches and black throat patches but they are difficult to see as they keep ensconced in vegetation most of the time. Most species show the long graduated tail with pointy feathers that is typical of spinetails. They are also characterized by constructing large domed nests with stick, including a long entrance tube. Some species can be difficult to distinguish from one another on the basis of their plumage, but can be tell apart by their vocalizations, which can be quite distinctive.

List of species

The genus contains 36 species: * Ochre-cheeked spinetail (''Synallaxis scutata'') *

Grey-bellied spinetail The grey-bellied spinetail (''Synallaxis cinerascens'') is a species of bird in the family Furnariidae. It is found in the South American countries of Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay, and Uruguay. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical mois ...

(''Synallaxis cinerascens'') * Plain-crowned spinetail (''Synallaxis gujanensis'') *

White-lored spinetail The white-lored spinetail (''Synallaxis albilora'') is a species of bird in the family Furnariidae. It is found in Bolivia, Brazil, and Paraguay. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests and heavily degraded former ...

(''Synallaxis albilora'') * Marañón spinetail (''Synallaxis maranonica'') * Great spinetail (''Synallaxis hypochondriaca'') * Chinchipe spinetail (''Synallaxis chinchipensis'') *

Necklaced spinetail The necklaced spinetail (''Synallaxis stictothorax'') is a species of ovenbird in the family Furnariidae. Found in Ecuador and Peru, its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical dry shrubland. In early 2021, the former subspecies ''S. s. chi ...

(''Synallaxis stictothorax'') * Russet-bellied spinetail (''Synallaxis zimmeri'') * Slaty spinetail (''Synallaxis brachyura'') * Silvery-throated spinetail (''Synallaxis subpudica'') *

Red-shouldered spinetail The red-shouldered spinetail (''Synallaxis hellmayri'') is a species of bird in the Ovenbird (family), ovenbird family (biology), family Furnariidae. It is Endemism, endemic to the Caatinga region of north-eastern Brazil. It is threatened by habi ...

(''Synallaxis hellmayri'') * Rufous-capped spinetail (''Synallaxis ruficapilla'') * Bahia spinetail (''Synallaxis cinerea'') * Pinto's spinetail (''Synallaxis infuscata'') *

Dusky spinetail The dusky spinetail (''Synallaxis moesta'') is a species of bird in the family Furnariidae. It is found in Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist lowland forest A forest is an area of land dom ...

(''Synallaxis moesta'') * McConnell's spinetail (''Synallaxis macconnelli'') *

Cabanis's spinetail Cabanis's spinetail (''Synallaxis cabanisi'') is a species of bird in the family Furnariidae. The common name and Latin binomial commemorates the German ornithologist Jean Louis Cabanis. Range and habitat It is found in the Andes' eastern slope ...

(''Synallaxis cabanisi'') *

Cinereous-breasted spinetail The cinereous-breasted spinetail (''Synallaxis hypospodia'') is a species of bird in the family Furnariidae. The term ''cinereous'' describes its colouration. It is found in northern Bolivia, Brazil and far southeastern Peru. Its natural habita ...

(''Synallaxis hypospodia'') * Spix's spinetail (''Synallaxis spixi'') *

Dark-breasted spinetail The dark-breasted spinetail (''Synallaxis albigularis'') is a species of bird in the family Furnariidae. It is found in Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist shrubland The sub ...

(''Synallaxis albigularis'') * Río Orinoco spinetail (''Synallaxis beverlyae'') * Pale-breasted spinetail (''Synallaxis albescens'') * Sooty-fronted spinetail (''Synallaxis frontalis'') *

Azara's spinetail Azara's spinetail (''Synallaxis azarae'') is a species of bird in the family Furnariidae, named after Spanish people, Spanish Natural history, naturalist Félix de Azara. Distribution and habitat It is found in Argentina, Bolivia, Colombia, Ecua ...

(''Synallaxis azarae'') *

Apurímac spinetail The Apurimac spinetail (''Synallaxis courseni'') is a Vulnerable species of bird in the Furnariinae subfamily of the ovenbird family (biology), family Furnariidae. It is Endemism, endemic to Peru. Taxonomy and systematics The Apurimac spineta ...

(''Synallaxis courseni'') *

White-whiskered spinetail The white-whiskered spinetail (''Synallaxis candei'') is a species of bird in the family Furnariidae. It is found in Colombia and Venezuela. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical dry forests and subtropical or tropical dry shrubland. ...

(''Synallaxis candei'') *

Rufous-breasted spinetail The rufous-breasted spinetail (''Synallaxis erythrothorax'') is a species of bird in the Furnariinae subfamily of the ovenbird family (biology), family Furnariidae. It is found in Belize, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, and Mexico. Taxonomy ...

(''Synallaxis erythrothorax'') *

Hoary-throated spinetail The hoary-throated spinetail (''Synallaxis kollari'') is a Critically Endangered bird species in the Furnariinae subfamily of the ovenbird family Furnariidae. It is found in Brazil and Guyana.Remsen, J. V., Jr., J. I. Areta, E. Bonaccorso, S ...

(''Synallaxis kollari'') *

Blackish-headed spinetail The blackish-headed spinetail (''Synallaxis tithys'') is a species of bird in the family Furnariidae. It is found in Ecuador and Peru. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical dry forests, subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests, a ...

(''Synallaxis tithys'') * Rusty-headed spinetail (''Synallaxis fuscorufa'') *

Rufous spinetail The rufous spinetail (''Synallaxis unirufa'') is a species of bird in the family Furnariidae. It is found in Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, and Venezuela. Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist montane forests. References

Synalla ...

(''Synallaxis unirufa'') * Black-throated spinetail (''Synallaxis castanea'') *

Stripe-breasted spinetail The stripe-breasted spinetail (''Synallaxis cinnamomea'') is a passerine bird in the Furnariinae subfamily of the ovenbird family (biology), family Furnariidae. It is found in Colombia, Trinidad, Tobago, and Venezuela. Taxonomy and systematic ...

(''Synallaxis cinnamomea'') * Ruddy spinetail (''Synallaxis rutilans'') *

Chestnut-throated spinetail The chestnut-throated spinetail (''Synallaxis cherriei'') is a species of bird in the family Furnariidae. It is mainly found in the eastern Amazon Basin, with small numbers in Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru. Its natural habitats are subtropical or ...

(''Synallaxis cherriei'') Formerly, some authorities also considered the following species as species within the genus ''Synallaxis'': * White-browed spinetail (as ''Synallaxis gularis'') *

Chotoy spinetail The chotoy spinetail (''Schoeniophylax phryganophilus'') is a species of bird in the Furnariinae subfamily of the ovenbird family Furnariidae. It is found in Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Paraguay, and Uruguay. Taxonomy and systematics The ch ...

(as ''Synallaxis phryganophila'') * White-bellied spinetail (as ''Synallaxis propinqua'')

References

External links

''Synallaxis''.
Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS).
''Synallaxis'' species.
BirdLife International. Bird genera Taxa named by Louis Jean Pierre Vieillot {{Furnariidae-stub