The Symphony No. 86 in
D major, Hoboken I/86, is the fifth of the six
Paris Symphonies (numbers 82–87) written by
Joseph Haydn
Franz Joseph Haydn ( , ; 31 March 173231 May 1809) was an Austrian composer of the Classical period (music), Classical period. He was instrumental in the development of chamber music such as the string quartet and piano trio. His contributions ...
, and was written to be performed in Paris in 1787. He wrote it in Esterháza in 1786, but for an orchestra much larger, at the instigation of Count Claude d'Ogney.
Movements
The work is in standard four movement form and scored for
flute
The flute is a family of classical music instrument in the woodwind group. Like all woodwinds, flutes are aerophones, meaning they make sound by vibrating a column of air. However, unlike woodwind instruments with reeds, a flute is a reedless ...
, two
oboes, two
bassoon
The bassoon is a woodwind instrument in the double reed family, which plays in the tenor and bass ranges. It is composed of six pieces, and is usually made of wood. It is known for its distinctive tone color, wide range, versatility, and virtuo ...
s, two
trumpets, two
horns,
timpani and
strings (
violin I,
violin II,
viola,
cello,
double bass). Out of the six Paris symphonies, the 86th and
82nd are the only two to use percussion and trumpets. There are four movements:
#
Adagio, —
Allegro spiritoso,
#
Capriccio:
Largo, in
G major
#
Menuetto:
Allegretto,
#Finale: Allegro con spirito,
The first movement is in
sonata form and is broadly conceived. An unusual feature is that the primary theme of the exposition begins "off-tonic" and does not resolve to the D major until five bars in. Similarly the secondary theme group also delays establishment of the dominant key.
[Brown, A. Peter, ''The Symphonic Repertoire'' (Volume 2). Indiana University Press (), pp. 218–221 (2002).]
The slow movement's "Capriccio" marking is used only one other time in Haydn's symphonic output; in the finale of the "A" version of the
53rd symphony.
The sonata-form finale is characterized by themes contain the rhythmic motif of five eighth-notes leading into the next bar. In most cases, these five notes are also repeated and
staccato
Staccato (; Italian for "detached") is a form of musical articulation. In modern notation, it signifies a note of shortened duration, separated from the note that may follow by silence. It has been described by theorists and has appeared in music ...
.
Notes
References
*Robbins Landon, H. C. (1963) ''Joseph Haydn: Critical Edition of the Complete Symphonies'', Universal Edition, Vienna.
*
Steinberg, Michael (1995) ''The Symphony: A Listeners Guide''. Oxford University Press.
*Harrison, Bernard ''Haydn: The "Paris" Symphonies'' (Cambridge University Press, 1998)
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Symphony 086
1786 compositions
Compositions in D major